Analysis of debris flow control effect and hazard assessment in Xinqiao Gully,Wenchuan M_(s)8.0 earthquake area based on numerical simulation

Xinqiao Gully is located in the area of the 2008 Wenchuan M_(s)8.0 earthquake in Sichuan province,China.Based on the investigation of the 2023"6-26"Xinqiao Gully debris flow event,this study assessed the effectiveness of the debris flow control project and evaluated the debris flow hazards.Through field investigation and numerical simulation methods,the indicators of flow intensity reduction rate and storage capacity fullness were proposed to quantify the effectiveness of the engineering measures in the debris flow event.The simulation results show that the debris flow control project reduced the flow intensity by41.05%to 64.61%.The storage capacity of the dam decreases gradually from upstream to the mouth of the gully,thus effectively intercepting and controlling the debris flow.By evaluating the debris flow of different recurrence intervals,further measures are recommended for managing debris flow events.

Comparative study of different machine learning models in landslide susceptibility assessment: A case study of Conghua District, Guangzhou, China

Machine learning is currently one of the research hotspots in the field of landslide prediction.To clarify and evaluate the differences in characteristics and prediction effects of different machine learning models,Conghua District,which is the most prone to landslide disasters in Guangzhou,was selected for landslide susceptibility evaluation.The evaluation factors were selected by using correlation analysis and variance expansion factor method.Applying four machine learning methods namely Logistic Regression(LR),Random Forest(RF),Support Vector Machines(SVM),and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGB),landslide models were constructed.Comparative analysis and evaluation of the model were conducted through statistical indices and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.The results showed that LR,RF,SVM,and XGB models have good predictive performance for landslide susceptibility,with the area under curve(AUC)values of 0.752,0.965,0.996,and 0.998,respectively.XGB model had the highest predictive ability,followed by RF model,SVM model,and LR model.The frequency ratio(FR)accuracy of LR,RF,SVM,and XGB models was 0.775,0.842,0.759,and 0.822,respectively.RF and XGB models were superior to LR and SVM models,indicating that the integrated algorithm has better predictive ability than a single classification algorithm in regional landslide classification problems.

Combustion mechanism and control approaches of underground coal fires:a review

With the large-scale mining of coal resources,the huge economic losses and environmental problems caused by underground coal fires have become increasingly prominent,and the research on the status quo and response strategies of underground coal fires is of great significance to accelerate the green prevention and control of coal fires,energy conservation and emission reduction.In this paper,we summarized and sorted out the research status of underground coal fires,focused on the theoretical and technical issues such as underground coal fire combustion mechanism,multiphysics coupling effect of coal fire combustion,fire prevention and extinguishing technology for underground coal fires,and beneficial utilization technology,and described the latest research progress of the prevention and control for underground coal fire hazards.Finally,the key research problems in the field of underground coal fire hazards prevention and control were proposed in the direction of the basic theory,technology research,comprehensive management and utilization,with a view to providing ideas and solutions for the management of underground coal fires.

Risk prevention and control strategies for the severely affected areas of snow disaster in the Three Rivers Source Region(TRSR), China

Historically,frequent and heavy snow disaster(SD)has caused serious livestock death and casualties,resulting in a devastating impact on animal husbandry development in the Three Rivers Source Region(TRSR).From winter in 2018 to spring in 2019,the largest SD occurred in this area over the past 10 years,especially in core zones of the Lancang River Source Region.Field research results show that the main causes of the major SD include weak infrastructure(i.e.,roads,communications,warm sheds,and insufficient forage reserve),low rate of domestic animals for sale before the SD,and low loss settlement rate.SD occurrence could furtherly reduce the ability of disaster prevention,mitigation and relief of disaster loss.In the future,heavily affected SD areas should improve the forecasting ability of snowfall incidents,strengthen infrastructure construction,implement grass and livestock balance strategies,optimize livestock structure,improve loss settlement rate,and develop a modern compound model of animal husbandry development model that combines breeding,slaughtering and deep processing of animal product.

Study on regional stratagem for coal mine disasters control and prevention in China

The regional strategy study was aimed at coal mine disaster control and prevention,which deepens and enriches the macro-strategy of coal mine disaster control andprevention,and provides an important support for the rapid and healthy development ofthe regional coal industry.The country was divided into 4 regions:Northeast,North,Southand Xinqing.In view of the regional status of coal mine disasters,the regulation and developmenttrend of regional coal mine disasters were analyzed,the outstanding problemsand key factors were identified,and the general thoughts on regional coal mine disastercontrol and prevention were put forward.

The Occurrence Mechanism of Geological Disasters and Countermeasures in a Certain Area

In recent years, natural disasters in China have occurred frequently, especially large disasters such as earthquakes, floods and droughts, which have posed a serious threat to local public safety. In addition, the geological environment of local mountainous areas in China is complex and diverse, and climate change is large. Considering the dynamic coupling effect of rainfall conditions to stimulate geological disasters, this paper takes dynamic risk assessment technology as the guide, constructs a dynamic risk early warning model of geological disasters, establishes a prototype system, realizes dynamic risk assessment and emergency early warning of geological disasters at the regional level, and provides feasible technical support for targeted emergency disaster prevention. At the same time, the investigation and evaluation, mechanism research and monitoring and early warning related to the comprehensive prevention and control of geological disasters are important tasks that cannot be ignored, an important link in the emergency response system for geological disasters, and a key stage process to guide scientific disaster prevention. On the basis of exploring the mechanism and catastrophic effect of rainfall to stimulate landslides and mudslides, we will carry out in-depth research on disaster prevention countermeasures such as systematic engineering disposal, monitoring and early warning.

Research on Management Method of Geological Disaster Prevention and Cure Project in Chongqing City

As everyone knows,China has come to being one of the countries deserved paying attention to it‘s geological disaster which become seriously.Not only protect people’s lives,property and foundation against destroyed but also ensure the continuable development of country’s economy and society,some must be taken.Therefore efficiency and equitableness system should be set up.According to the peculiarity of prevention measure against geological disaster,the emphases of the system were intensively studied.Beside this,the paper focused more attention on the methods of enhanced financing and analyzed keystones of some financing different finance channel.Integrating the peculiar of the Chongqing city and referencing some other engineering items,some means were summarized such as reinforcing essential investigation and confirming danger point of geological disaster.Based on this,forecast should be intensified and the procedure of disposal must be developed.

Research on the sudden changes and the controlling factors of deep coal mining conditions

It was illustrated that the mining conditions inducing disasters changed with depth both in regularity of gradual and sudden change.The sudden change depth for different disaster conditions are different and controlled by different factors.The high temperature and its change with depth are mainly controlled by strata structures and rock heat conductiv- ity property,the high rock stress and dynamical engineering disasters and their change with depth are mainly controlled by tectonic conditions,roof strata rock property and deep rock mechanical property,coal mine water disasters and their change with depth are mainly con- trolled by rock mechanical property of coal seam floor and regional groundwater circulation conditions,gas disaster conditions and their change with depth are mainly controlled by buried conditions of coal seam and opening conditions of geological structures.It is men- tioned that the key point for the control of deep coal mining disaster is to clearly understand the sudden change depth of different factors causing disasters.

GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS AND THEIRS CONTROL

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Innovation in Bio-disaster Prevention and Control Mechanism after Forest Tenure Reform at County Level

Taking Youxi County of Fujian Province as an example,the author introduced basic situations of new bio-disaster prevention and control mechanism for forest resource protection and social service works after the forest tenure reform.Then,the author analyzed new problems faced by bio-disaster prevention and control in forestry.Finally,the author present the existing problems of bio-disaster prevention and control at the county level from five aspects:innovating upon plant quarantine management mechanism;innovation upon survey methods and service modes of bio-disaster monitoring;strengthening and improving construction of bio-disaster monitoring and forecasting network;innovating upon management system for bio-disaster prevention and control;speeding up construction of service system for social prevention and control of bio-disasters.

Basic Works of Flash Flood Disaster Analysis and Assessment in Rucheng County of Hunan Province

The method and experience of basic work of flash flood disaster analysis and assessment in early period are introduced in a case of Rucheng County,Chenzhou City,Hunan Province,containing analysis of general situation in county region,excavation of working map information,determination of assessment object list,examination of investigated data,and standardized arrangement of data. Finally,the suggestions for basic work of analysis and assessment are given,which could provide the references for implementing analysis and assessment work of flash flood disaster in other regions.

Impulsion discharge technique and its application in geology casulty control

Impulsion discharge technique is a new technology to prevent geological disasters,such an approach is in a liquid medium into the borehole electrode to gain access to high-voltage,forme discharge,and mechanical wave energy into electrical energy,produce a shockwave and in the same time compact the surrounding soil.Building on the existing foundation of the Act has been applied to engineering and water conservancy projects,the results were very good.

泸定地震诱发灾害特征分析

2022年9月5日,四川省泸定县海螺沟景区发生6.8级地震,震中烈度Ⅸ度。相较于2008年汶川8级地震和2013年芦山7级地震,此次地震震级要小,但是地震区为山区,地质灾害发育,造成交通中断、118人死亡或失踪。为探究泸定地震损失情况,作者对泸定县和石棉县的主要地震影响区进行了为期5 d的考察。基于考察成果和区域地质资料,对地质灾害孕育、建筑结构震损和人员伤亡情况进行了分析,以期为灾后重建提供参考。主要结论如下:1)地质灾害的上盘效应不突出,灾害主要分布于烈度Ⅶ度及其以上地区,规模小,以崩塌或落石和浅层滑坡为主,偶见基岩平面滑动和土体圆弧形滑动。2)地质灾害形式受地质条件控制。泸定县得妥镇以上为干热河谷,山坡卸荷较强,风化程度低,主要灾害形式为落石;得妥镇以下降雨量相对较大,山坡卸荷、风化严重,主要灾害形式为浅层滑坡。3)地质灾害主要出现在山脊、陡缓坡交接部位、侵蚀沟槽两壁,以及公路沿线。工程扰动是地质灾害密集分布和人员伤亡的促发因素。4)建筑结构震损主要出现在Ⅸ度烈度区,以磨西镇的震损最为严重。农村自建房屋和老旧建筑施工质量是影响结构抗震能力的主要问题,灾后重建房屋选址需要考虑场地效应影响。5)在高山峡谷地区,公路边坡加固和建筑结构避开落石影响区是降低地震伤亡率的有效措施。

煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害监测预警与防控技术研究进展

煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害是深部煤炭开采的重大安全隐患,探明其致灾机理、发展监测预警及防控技术是防治关键。提出了煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害防治“四面体”理论,即分别从灾害分类、灾害机理、灾害预警、灾害防控4个层面概述煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害研究进展。总结了以能量释放主体、初始瓦斯压力、载荷条件为主的复合动力灾害类型划分依据;梳理了理论分析尺度和实验室尺度下的复合动力灾害机理研究进展,发现应力路径、微裂纹动态演化和煤岩赋存地质因素临界指标是致灾机理研究的关键;概述了以前期灾害前兆信息判识、中期灾害前兆信息采集、后期灾害一体化监测预警为主线的复合动力灾害监测预警技术研究进展;揭示了复合动力灾害消能减灾一体化防控技术和多尺度分源防控关键技术科学内涵。在此基础上针对两淮矿区灾害特点,提出了深部强动载条件下复合动力灾害智能判识与预警方法和分区协同防控方法。基于当前研究进展,提出了煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害研究亟待解决的问题,助力实现深部煤炭安全、精准、高效开采。

采空塌陷区隧道病害机理与防控研究现状与展望

我国是煤炭生产大国,煤炭开采造成了大量采空塌陷。随着公路铁路网不断加密,在山西等采煤大省,越来越多的交通隧道不得不穿越煤矿采空塌陷区。采空塌陷区岩层破坏剧烈、变形量大且持续时间长,是隧道工程建设与运营的重大安全隐患,系统研究采空塌陷区隧道灾变机理与防控技术是隧道工程建设与运营安全的重要保障。通过分析文献报道的工程案例,总结了采空塌陷区隧道的主要病害类型及其灾变机理,回顾了塌陷区采动岩体长期变形预测方法与隧道灾变预测方法,介绍了塌陷区采动岩体变形控制方法与穿越采空区隧道围岩处治方法。在此基础上,分析了采空塌陷区隧道灾变与防控技术研究中存在的突出问题,并对亟待研究的方向进行了展望。

水-气耦合下的土质边坡稳定系数场分析

传统边坡稳定性分析方法仅对潜在滑动面进行整体稳定性评估,无法获取各点的安全系数.基于稳定系数场理论,综合考虑水-气耦合作用,对降雨条件下边坡稳定性进行分析.结果表明:1)稳定系数场法能够直观地体现水-气耦合作用下边坡的具体破坏区域,得到各点的安全系数;2)孔隙气压力对边坡降雨入渗有一定阻碍作用,并且随着降雨时间的推移阻渗效果愈明显,相同条件下降雨40 h时,两相流湿润锋深度较单向流减小了28.6%;3)相同条件下,考虑水-气耦合作用将降低边坡稳定性,以降雨40 h为例,两相流边坡失稳面积约为单向流的1.7倍.因此,在实际工程中对边坡稳定性分析时考虑水-气耦合作用,工程偏于安全.

明代疫病与防治

从地方志“祥异”“灾祲”“灾祥”“灾异”等目记载来看,明代疫病频发。疫病大规模流行引起朝廷的重视,采取相应的措施进行防治;局部传染也必然引起官府重视,尽可能地实行自救。因为疫病频发,以医治为重点救助制度逐渐完善。由于对疫病的危害认识不足,往往忽略预防,更由于官办医疗机构大多废弃,医疗技术的落后,民间巫觋有很大的活动空间,再加上朝廷疫病祈禳制度,地方官府与民间大规模驱疫活动频繁,使疫病防治难见成效。朝廷与官府虽然重视民间力量的参与,对乐善好施者予以旌表,但也难免摊派,更由于缺少医药知识,民间力量难以发挥作用。明代疫病防治制度化过程漫长,其利弊得失值得研究与总结。

基于轨迹计算的落石风险评估与防护措施决策研究

崩塌落石作为常见地质灾害之一,为探索验证简便可靠的风险评估手段,文中根据工程自身需求和特点,选择形式简洁的轨迹计算法评估落石风险。通过运动学公式进行程序化设计,讨论计算参数的合理取值,用大量计算数据模拟落石在坡面运动过程中的特征,给出落石风险评估结果,并制定出以主动防护为主的防治策略。

国道219温泉至霍尔果斯越岭段公路雪害选线研究

基于横穿西天山山脉的G219线温泉至霍尔果斯公路建设项目,通过沿线气象资料的收集分析,得到气温、降水、风速的时空分布情况;采用积雪环境信息遥感调查的方法,分析影响路线及路基设计的积雪类型、分布范围、厚度和成因,模拟分析雪崩堆积区的形态、面积、位置、堆积体特征、雪崩量、雪崩裂点位置,并对风吹雪灾害进行分级评估。根据雪害分布及发育情况,结合地形地质条件,对克孜勒隧道两处进口和两处出口方案进行组合比选,推荐采用路线绕避、抬高路基、设置挡雪墙、明洞、防雪棚洞等处置措施,在雪害整体可控、预留升级改造条件、造价合理的前提下,推荐采用K线方案。

油田企业洪水灾害防控与处置恢复对策

油田企业作业地域分布辽阔,面对的自然灾害种类多、风险高,洪水灾害是对油田企业的生产设施和作业现场影响最为严重的灾害之一,且其引发的次生灾害会带来一系列的环境污染和财产损失。文章梳理总结了油田企业常见的洪水灾害类型和灾害特征,并结合油田企业实际情况,从重要生产设施和重要作业场所入手,研究如何做好洪水灾害防控、开展灾害应对处置,提出企业防洪应急工作要求,以在灾后尽快恢复作业和生产。