Integrated Prevention and Control Technology for Coffee Leaf Rust in Yunnan Province

This paper investigates the damage symptoms and occurrence regularity related to coffee leaf rust,and proposes a comprehensive prevention and control strategy grounded in the principle of prioritizing prevention and implementing integrated prevention and control.This strategy encompasses the cultivation of rust-resistant varieties,the implementation of agricultural practices,the application of chemical interventions,the utilization of hyperparasitic fungi,and the protection and utilization of natural enemies.The paper further outlines the necessary requirements for effective prevention and control,emphasizing the importance of enhancing responsibility implementation,fostering systematic prevention and control measures,enhancing guidance services,and increasing publicity and guidance.The aim is to offer technical guidance for the integrated prevention and control of coffee leaf rust in Yunnan Province.

Research of Risk Identification and Prevention of Underground Pressure Pipelines Damage Caused by External Disturbance

External disturbance is an important cause of underground pressure pipeline damage,which leads to accidents,and it is crucial to study the risk of damage caused by external disturbance and come up with proper prevention and control measures.We reviewed literature on risk identification of underground pressure pipelines damage due to external disturbance was conducted,and a list of risk factors was formed.Based on the list of risk factors,fault tree analysis was carried out on underground pressure pipelines damage caused by external disturbances,and risk prevention and control measures were proposed through the calculation of minimum cut sets,minimum path sets,and structural importance,in hopes of providing reference for the normal operation of underground pressure pipelines.

Prevention and Controll of Diseases and Pest Damages of Siraitia grosvenori

[Objective] The aim was to develop prevention and control approaches of diseases and pests of Siraitia grosvenori. [Method] Long-term observation was con- ducted on cultivation methods of Siraitia grosvenori in the gardens in Longjiang Vil- lage of Yongfu County to conclude the prevention methods. [Result] Siraitia grosvenori yield can be reduced by nine diseases, such as root knot nematode dis- ease, and eight pests, such as Brachytrupes portentosus. [Conclusion] It would be effective for prevention of diseases and pests and guarantee quality and yield of Luohan guo to manage the gardens dominated by biological control and supple- mented by pesticide as per crop rotation.

Rodent Damage and Control Methods in Hami Grassland of Xinjiang

Since 2002,Hami City,Xinjiang Province,has implemented"construction project of rodent-free demonstration area".Artificial eagle frames are installed on the grassland to control rodent damage,receiving remarkable control effect.The rodent density in the treatment area is below the threshold of hazard.Moreover,the implementation of the project increases the grassland biomass and improves the vegetation coverage,receiving good economic,ecological and social benefits.

Prevention and Control Measures of the Occurrence of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai in Sugarcane Areas of Yunnan Province

Ceracris kiangsu Tsai is one of the most widely distributed forest pest.C.kiangsu has migrated from Laos to China this year,with many migration peaks and large population numbers.The main sources of C.kiangsu were from abroad and a small number of native insect sources exist.Most of the immigration sources were from Laos,and a small part originated from Vietnam.The frontier region of Yunnan Province is suitable for the growth of C.kiangsu.It is speculated that the migration frequency of the C.kiangsu from abroad may increase in recent years.In this paper,the typical morphological characteristics,life history,biological characteristics and prevention and control measures of C.kiangsu were summarized.Based on the characteristics of C.kiangsu,and combining actual sugarcane production condition in Yunnan sugarcane areas,we put forward prevention and control strategies and measures.It is suggested that Yunnan Sugarcane areas should pay close attention to the occurrence of C.kiangsu in neighboring countries,monitor the C.kiangsu population dynamics and update pest forecast information in time,and detect and control C.kiangsu in the early period,in order to effectively prevent C.kiangsu and ensure the safety of sugarcane production.

Identification and Prevention and Control of Scab-anthracnoge of Landscape Plant Fatsia japonica

The pathogenic characteristics of scab-anthracnoge of Fatsia japonica was introduced,and the infection cycle,occurrence regularity and main harmful symptoms of the disease were elaborated.Prevention is the main method to prevent scab-anthracnoge of F.japonica,and disease-free seedlings should be cultivated.Meantime,cultivation management should be strengthened to improve disease resistance of plant,and chemical agents must be timely sprayed in the early incidence stage,in order to achieve the purpose of comprehensive control.

Thoughts on Energy Solutions to Alleviation of Air Pollution during the Heating Period in Key Areas

Since the implementation of the Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control , all regions of China have steadily promoted the prevention and control of air pollution and achieved results continuously. However, the atmospheric environment in key areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta region, and Fenwei Plain is still severe, and especially during the heating period heavy pollution occurs frequently, which has become the focus and difficulty of improving the quality of the atmospheric environment and is also the weakest link of China s air pollution control at present. How to alleviate air pollution, how to win the battle of pollution prevention and control, how to hold the fruits of the blue sky defense war, energy consumption is key.

Investigation of pore structure alteration and permeability enhancement of shale matrix by supercritical water treatment after hydraulic fracturing

Shale gas reservoirs are unconventional tight gas reservoirs,in which horizontal wells and hydraulic fracturing are required to achieve commercial development.The fracture networks created by hydraulic fracturing can increase the drainage area extensively to enhance shale gas recovery.However,large volumes of fracturing fluid that is difficult to flow back to the surface and remained in the shale formation,will inevitably lead to damages of the shale formations and limit the effectiveness of stimulation.Supercritical water(SCW)treatment after hydraulic fracturing is a new method to enhance shale gas recovery by using appropriate heat treatment methods to the specific formation to convert the retained fracturing fluid into a supercritical state(at temperatures in excess of 373.946°C and pressures in excess of 22.064 MPa).An experiment was conducted to simulate the reaction between shale and SCW,and the capacity of SCW treatment to enhance the permeability of the shale was evaluated by measuring the response of the shale porosity and permeability on SCW treatment.The experimental results show that the shale porosity and permeability increase by 213.43%and 2198.37%,respectively.The pore structure alteration and permeability enhancement of the shale matrix were determined by analyzing the changes in pore structure and mineral composition after SCW treatment.The mechanisms that affect pore structure and mineral composition include oxidative catalysis decomposition of organic matters and reducing minerals,acid-catalyzed decomposition of carbonate minerals and feldspar minerals,hydrothermal catalysis induced fracture extension and cementation weakening induced fracture extension.SCW treatment converts harm into a benefit by reducing the intrusion of harmful substances into the shale formation,which will broaden the scope and scale of shale formation stimulation.

关于蘑菇中毒诊疗的一些思考

毒蘑菇种类繁多,毒素复杂且未知,中毒后没有特效解毒药,且毒蘑菇种属不断更新,剧毒蘑菇中毒后病死率高,给临床诊治带来极大挑战。本文针对蘑菇中毒诊疗中遇到的问题提出一些思考及建议,以期减少蘑菇中毒发生率,提高临床救治成功率。

膨润土基矿物材料特性与煤矿典型灾害治理(Ⅱ):工程应用实践

为了探索膨润土基系列治灾材料在不同煤矿灾害场景下的应用效果,改性研究实现全周期触变封堵新生裂隙的瓦斯钻孔液相封堵材料,高保水、强隔氧的复合纳基膨润土类防灭火材料,高潮湿环境下分散性好且不易结块的抗团聚-结壳粉体抑爆材料,导热系数低、吸附性强、回弹量小的深井巷道隔热层材料和多孔性增强的改进型吸附井下有毒害气体净化材料,并进行工程应用实践。结果表明:膨润土基改性材料具有良好的治灾效果,在煤矿灾害治理中取得较为突出的应用价值。

深井矿山热害防治及制冷降温技术应用

随着金属矿山开采深度的增加,高地温越加显现,而矿山在热害控制方面经验不足、个体防护及培训缺失、有效的机械制冷技术应用较少等,亟待加强深井金属矿山热害防治安全技术相关研究。本文分析了深井矿山热环境对作业人员、生产效率的影响,总结了热害防治的综合措施,包括通风系统优化、热源控制、个体防护、压缩空气制冷、机械制冷等方面,列举了南非、澳大利亚两座典型深井矿山机械制冷降温技术的典型应用,供其他深井矿山借鉴。

基于PSO-Elman神经网络的井底风温预测模型

目前井下风温预测大多采用BP神经网络,但其预测精度受学习样本数量的影响,且容易陷入局部最优,Elman神经网络具备局部记忆能力,提高了网络的稳定性和动态适应能力,但仍然存在收敛速度过慢、易陷入局部最优的问题。针对上述问题,采用粒子群优化(PSO)算法对Elman神经网络的权值和阈值进行优化,建立了基于PSO-Elman神经网络的井底风温预测模型。分析得出入风相对湿度、入风温度、地面大气压力和井筒深度是井底风温的主要影响因素,因此将其作为模型的输入数据,模型的输出数据为井底风温。在相同样本数据集下的实验结果表明:Elman模型迭代90次后收敛,PSO-Elman模型迭代41次后收敛,说明PSO-Elman模型收敛速度更快;与BP神经网络模型、支持向量回归模型和Elman模型相比,PSO-Elman模型的预测误差较低,平均绝对误差、均方误差(MSE)、平均绝对百分比误差分别为0.376 0℃,0.278 3,1.95%,决定系数R^(2)为0.992 4,非常接近1,表明预测模型具有良好的预测效果。实例验证结果表明,PSO-Elman模型的相对误差范围为-4.69%~1.27%,绝对误差范围为-1.06~0.29℃,MSE为0.26,整体预测精度可满足井下实际需要。

套损井腐蚀机理分析及防治技术研究

油田套损井是由于套管腐蚀、机械损伤等原因导致的套管失效现象。通过深入分析油田套损井的腐蚀机理及其对油田生产的影响,探讨了相应的防治技术。研究发现,套管腐蚀主要包括均匀腐蚀、局部腐蚀和应力腐蚀,其形成机制复杂,受环境因素、材料因素和操作因素的多重影响。通过电化学检测和无损检测技术,可以有效评估腐蚀程度,制定针对性的防腐措施。同时,还介绍了材料选择、阴极保护技术和缓蚀剂应用等防治技术,并通过实际案例验证了其有效性。研究表明,科学合理的腐蚀防治技术能显著延长套管的使用寿命,确保油田的安全稳定生产。

国道219温泉至霍尔果斯越岭段公路雪害选线研究

基于横穿西天山山脉的G219线温泉至霍尔果斯公路建设项目,通过沿线气象资料的收集分析,得到气温、降水、风速的时空分布情况;采用积雪环境信息遥感调查的方法,分析影响路线及路基设计的积雪类型、分布范围、厚度和成因,模拟分析雪崩堆积区的形态、面积、位置、堆积体特征、雪崩量、雪崩裂点位置,并对风吹雪灾害进行分级评估。根据雪害分布及发育情况,结合地形地质条件,对克孜勒隧道两处进口和两处出口方案进行组合比选,推荐采用路线绕避、抬高路基、设置挡雪墙、明洞、防雪棚洞等处置措施,在雪害整体可控、预留升级改造条件、造价合理的前提下,推荐采用K线方案。

册亨县香蕉主要病虫害调查

香蕉产业是册亨县乡村振兴的重要产业之一。随着香蕉种植的规模化发展,香蕉病虫害发生加重。本研究在2021—2023年对册亨县岩架镇、高洛街道、丫他镇香蕉病虫害的种类、分布及发生危害情况进行了调查。调查结果显示,册亨县香蕉主要病虫害有12种,其中:病害5种,分别是枯萎病、叶斑病、黑星病、炭疽病和软腐病;虫害有7种,分别是冠网蝽、象甲、花蓟马、褐足角胸叶甲、交脉蚜、斜纹夜蛾和弄蝶。通过调查,本文总结了册亨县12种主要香蕉病虫害的危害症状和危害程度,并提出了综合防控技术,以期为广大香蕉种植户提供参考。

豇豆荚螟生物生态学特性与绿色防控研究进展

豇豆荚螟Maruca testulalis是世界性害虫,在亚热带地区发生严重。因其具有钻蛀危害特性,使其防治难度巨增。该虫寄主范围广泛,但以豆科作物为主,尤其是豇豆Vigna unguiculata。本文综述豇豆荚螟的形态特征、地理遗传分化、生物生态学特点、发生危害规律和综合防控进展,同时展望其绿色防控技术的研发与应用,为深入挖掘豇豆荚螟的制约因子并研发新型绿色防控技术奠定基础。

我国不同类别煤层顶板水害致灾机理与防控路径

我国是世界上成煤和赋存条件最复杂的国家,煤层顶板水文地质条件的多样性和复杂性,采动覆岩裂隙场与渗流场耦合的相互性和时变性以及煤层顶板突水的独特性和危害性,造成顶板水害是我国尤其是西部煤矿区的主要矿井灾害之一。为了更好地认识顶板水害和推广现有技术和探索新技术防控此类矿井灾害,在全面分析近年来我国煤层顶板水害事故规律与顶板充水含水层的赋存条件、突水模式、动力特征、力学行为等基础上,系统划分了顶板水害的类型、特征、主要类别的致灾机理及梳理了现有顶板水害的防治技术,并展望了未来顶板水害防治领域的发展方向。研究发现:①顶板水害主体架构包括巨厚基岩含水层涌(淋)水、薄基岩弱胶结层水-砂耦合溃涌、离层空间蓄水储能突水、天窗补给型突水、围岩烧变增透致突等5种类别,集中分布于秦岭—淮河沿线以北地区,陕、蒙、宁是顶板水害主要聚集地。②采动诱发巨厚基岩含水层下覆岩原生裂隙互馈-贯通发育“Z”型离层空间,导致采场出现大面积涌(淋)水现象;基于复合关键层破断力学条件,阐明了薄基岩弱胶结层水-砂耦合溃涌致灾的动力源;构建了离层失稳突水临界判别准则,将离层突水划分为静载扰动、“动+静”载复合扰动、复合煤层开采重复扰动3种模式;红土隔水层缺失及红土薄弱区采动劣化损伤是产生天窗越流补给的主要根源;围岩烧变增透,孔隙度增大,接受临近水源补水后形成新的含水结构体,在采动诱发下烧变岩水涌入采场发生水害事故。③梳理了当前煤层顶板水害“探-放-治”三位一体的解危防控技术体系,提出了井上下共轭联动、钻-采(掘)高位协同地质勘探系统,以防治水“三区”划分为导向的地质保障工作,“煤-水-生态”多目标齐抓共管的绿色开采和防治水理念,以及数智化、透明化矿山水文地质灾害信息维护系统等未来发展方向。

深部矿井煤炭−地热协同开采系统研究

在煤炭资源深部开采趋势下,矿井高温热害问题日益严重,引起矿井高温热害的热源实质为可持续利用的地热能,在进行煤炭开采的同时将深部矿井地热能提取并进行资源化利用,是建设绿色矿山、降低矿井碳排放的创新途径。总结了国内外深部矿产和地热能共采现状,从工艺流程和关键设备方面分析了煤炭−地热协同开采的可行性,最终提出一种煤炭−地热协同开采系统。该系统总体采用闭式循环,包括地面热能利用系统和井下取热系统,通过在预采煤层水平钻孔并布置同轴套管换热器提取煤层地热能,并由地面热泵机组将从井下开采的低品位地热能进行利用。秉承“先采热、后回采”的时间和空间协同原则,预先在回采工作面前向划分采热工作面,提出顺序采热、交替采热2种模式,确保采热过程对采煤过程无干扰。分析了空间协同设计、煤层钻孔、高效采热和智能监控调控等关键技术,对煤炭开采和地热能提取进行井下空间协同设计,提出基于煤层注水的同轴套管换热器布置工艺,使用快捷装配式同轴套管换热器可进行多种组合实现高效采热,构建智能监控调控平台并提出相关优化模型,构建取热量计算模型,提出智能控制采热方式。简化煤系地层传热过程,构建煤层采热传热模型,可根据回采工作面实际情况和出口风流参数对回采工作面采热能力进行计算评估。根据煤层采热传热模型,分析得出煤层初始温度、煤炭运输量、回采工作面出口风流温度、风流含湿量变化量是决定煤层采热量的关键参数。定义回采工作面风流含湿量不变且回采工作面出口风流等效温度不高于28℃时的采热量为煤层最大采热量。系统的应用将会使深部矿井热害资源化,不仅解决了煤炭开采热害问题,而且实现了深部矿井地热能综合利用。

土遗址微生物病害与防治研究进展

微生物病害问题在考古发掘现场和遗址类博物馆普遍存在,对于微生物活动的有效防治是土遗址长久保存和展示利用的重要前提。本文系统总结了国内外土遗址微生物病害及其治理研究概况,梳理了相关基础理论、研究方法、治理措施及前沿进展等内容,并比较了当前土遗址微生物病害与治理研究的方法及其优缺点。以期为土遗址的科技保护提供新视角和参考借鉴。

油气井套损风险预测及防控软件研制及应用

针对套损作用机理复杂、主控因素难以厘清、防控措施制定不科学等问题,开展了基于数据驱动的套损风险评价预警防控策略研究。对油气井基本数据和套损样本进行数据预处理和主控因素分析,用机器学习算法进行样本训练,建立“二分类”套损预测模型,预测套损的概率,优化完井和生产参数,制定油气井套损防控策略。开发了基于B/S架构的油气井套损风险评价预警防控软件,并链接了A2数据库,实现了某油田2400井层套损防控的实时预警和优化。研究应用表明:建立的预测模型和软件可以对油气井套损原因及防控策略形成认知,可以实现老井、新井、待补层井套损预防对策的优化。