Prediction and control of rock burst of coal seam contacting gas in deep mining

By analyzing the characteristics and the production mechanism of rock burstthat goes with abnormal gas emission in deep coal seams,the essential method of eliminatingabnormal gas emission by eliminating the occurrence of rock burst or depressingthe magnitude of rock burst was considered.The No.237 working face was selected asthe typical working face contacting gas in deep mining;aimed at this working face,a systemof rock burst prediction and control for coal seam contacting gas in deep mining wasestablished.This system includes three parts:① regional prediction of rock burst hazardbefore mining,② local prediction of rock burst hazard during mining,and ③ rock burstcontrol.

Selected elements of rock burst state assessment in case studies from the Silesian hard coal mines

Exploitation of coal seams in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin is conducted in complex and difficult conditions. These difficulties are connected with the occurrence of many natural mining hazards and limitations resulting from the existing in this area surface infrastructure. One of the most important problems of Polish mining is the rock burst hazard and reliable evaluation of its condition. During long-years’ mining practice in Poland a comprehensive system of evaluation and control of this hazard was developed. In the paper the main aspects of rock burst hazard state evaluation will be presented, comprising: 1) rock mass inclination for rock bursts, i.e., rock strength properties investigation, comprehensive parametric evaluation of rock mass inclination for rock bursts, prognosis of seismic events induced by mining operations, methods of computer-aided modelling of stress and rock mass deformation parameters distribution, strategic rock mass classification under rock burst degrees; 2) immediate seismic and rock burst hazard state evaluation, i.e., low diameter test drilling method, seismologic and seismoacoustic method, comprehensive method of rock burst hazard state evaluation, non-standard methods of evaluation; 3) legal aspects of rock burst hazard state evaluation. Selected elements of the hazard state evaluation system are illustrated with specific practical examples of their application.

Numerical analysis on the factors affecting post-peak characteristics of coal under uniaxial compression

The post-peak characteristics of coal serve as a direct reflection of its failure process and are essential parameters for evaluating brittleness and bursting liability.Understanding the significant factors that influence post-peak characteristics can offer valuable insights for the prevention of coal bursts.In this study,the Synthetic Rock Mass method is employed to establish a numerical model,and the factors affecting coal post-peak characteristics are analyzed from four perspectives:coal matrix mechanical parameters,structural weak surface properties,height-to-width ratio,and loading rate.The research identifies four significant influencing factors:deformation modulus,density of discrete fracture networks,height-to-width ratio,and loading rate.The response and sensitivity of post-peak characteristics to single-factor and multi-factor interactions are assessed.The result suggested that feasible prevention and control measures for coal bursts can be formulated through four approaches:weakening the mechanical properties of coal pillars,increasing the number of structural weak surfaces in coal pillars,reducing the width of coal pillars,and optimizing mining and excavation speed.The efficacy of measures aimed at weakening the mechanical properties of coal is successfully demonstrated through a case study on coal burst prevention using large-diameter borehole drilling.

Theoretical framework for stress relief-support reinforcement cooperative control of rock bursts in deep coal mining

With the increasing depth of coal mining each year,rock burst has emerged as one of the most severe dynamic disasters in deep mining.The research status of rock burst prevention and control theory is summarized.Focused on deep coal mining,the major issues encountered in researching the prevention theory of rock bursts are summarized.Subsequently,the scientific connotation theory of stress relief-support reinforcement cooperative prevention and control of rock bursts in deep coal mines is proposed.Then,the mechanisms underlying the major research directions of the theory of stress relief-support reinforcement coordinated prevention and control and present a preliminarily theoretical framework for stress relief-support reinforcement coordinated prevention and control are outlined.To tackle the key scientific problems in the coordinated prevention and control of rock bursts on relief and support in deep mine,the in-depth research based on the synergetic theory is conducted.This involved exploring the principles of near-field coal mass stress relief,near-field roof andfloor stress relief,and anchor support.Additionally,the stress-energy evolution processes of the roadway near-field surrounding rock structure under various stress relief and anchor support modes be analyzed.Subsequently,a mechanical model for the optimized matching of stress relief surrounding rock and anchor support is established,with the control of the rock burst energy source at its core.Finally,the principle of collaborative prevention and control of deep mining rock burst stress relief and support from the perspectives of structural synergy,strength synergy,and stiffness synergy is elucidated.This insight is expected to provide theoretical support for the research and development of designs and techniques for deep mining rock burst prevention and control.

Disturbance response instability theory of rock bursts in coal mines and its application

Aiming at the rock burst prevention in coal mines,this study argue that a rock burst is the instability of the coal mass deformation system with the infinite deformation response subjected to a small disturbance,and the concepts of control,disturbance and response variables of the coal mass deformation system are proposed.The analytical solution of rock bursts of circular roadways is derived,using a mechanical model of the coal mass deformation system of circular roadways,and the stress and energy conditions of the disturbance response instability of a rock burst are also presented.Based on the disturbance response instability theory,this study identifies the factors controlling the occurrence of rock bursts,involving the coal uniaxial compressive strength,coal bursting liability and roadway support stress.The relationship between the critical stress and the critical resistance zone of surrounding rock in roadways,the coal uniaxial compressive strength,roadway support stress,roadway geometric parameters and coal burst liability is revealed,and the critical stress index evaluation method of rock burst risk is proposed.Considering the disturbance and response variables of rockburst occurrence,a monitoring system of rock burst based on stress and energy monitoring is established.Considering managing the disturbance and control variables,regional and local prevention measures of rock burst are proposed from four aspects:destressing in coal mass,avoiding the mutual disturbance between multi-group mining or excavation,reducing the dynamic load disturbance and weakening of the physical properties of the coal mass.Based on the enhancement principle of the roadway support stress on the critical load of rockburst occurrence and the energy absorption effect of the support,an energy absorption and anti-bursting support technology for roadways are proposed.The disturbance response instability theory of rock bursts has formed a technical system from the aspects of mechanism,prediction and prevention to guide the engineering practice for rock burst mitigation.

Rock dynamics in deep mining

Rock mass dynamics disasters caused by excavations and mining occur frequently in deep mines.In order to establish a theoretical system and control technologies for such disasters,we first classify and define dynamic disasters,such as rock bursts,coal bursts,mine pressure bumps,and mine earthquakes.According to the occurrence mechanism of different types of dynamic disasters,we establish a compensation control theory based on excavation and mining effects.On the basis,we propose three key technologies:high prestress compensation technology for the roadway,pressure relief technology using directional roof cutting,and the goaf filling technology using broken rock dilation.These three technologies constitute the compensation control method for dynamic disasters in deep mines.Finally,this method was successfully applied in a deep coal mine with high stress,with monitored results suggesting its rationality.This work provides a new concept and control method for the prevention of rock dynamic disasters in deep mines.

急倾斜特厚煤层冲击地压防治探索与总结

急倾斜特厚煤层开采顶板破断运动复杂,应力和能量演化规律特殊,在深部“三高一扰动”影响下,冲击地压防治不容乐观。基于某矿2016年冲击地压事故后急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采冲击地压防治经验,从急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采冲击地压发生机理、瓦斯突出与冲击地压综合防治和冲击地压管理详细介绍了该矿7年来急倾斜特厚煤层冲击地压防治经验。冲击地压发生机理方面,建立了顶板岩层倾斜悬臂梁模型,揭示了顶、底板覆岩结构破断失稳演化过程,划分了夹持煤体受力状态分区,提出了急倾斜特厚煤层冲击“夹持理论”。瓦斯突出与冲击地压综合防治方面,基于冲击地压灾害控制解危技术的强度弱化减冲理论,结合原有防突措施体系,提出了既能防冲且对防突有利的解危措施,形成了某矿瓦斯/CO_(2)突出-冲击地压“双防”技术体系,建立了适用于某矿急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采的冲击地压防治体系,以钻屑量和瓦斯吸解值验证了瓦斯突出防治的强度保障,同时以加强实施卸压措施工作面的微震事件分布及各能级总频次和能量对比,论证说明了卸压方案防治效果的有效性。冲击地压管理方面,形成了预测评价、监测预警、治理预防、效果检验、安全防护和教育培训“六位一体”综合防治架构,基于《煤矿安全规程》和《防治煤矿冲击地压细则》等各项规定,制定了Q/YJMD-—FC 0104-2022《窑街煤电集团有限公司煤矿冲击地压防治第四部分:冲击地压防治技术规范》。

急倾斜深埋巨厚煤层掘巷冲击地压前兆特征及其灾害防治

随着冲击地压矿井逐渐向深开采,其巷道掘进伴随的冲击显现愈发强烈。针对巷道掘进过程中的冲击地压有效防治问题,以新疆乌东煤矿急倾斜煤层矿井为例,运用微震监测对巷道掘进的冲击地压时空前兆特征加以分析。结合巷道掘进的应力与能量变化数值模拟分析,揭示巷道掘进的冲击地压发生机理,提出急倾斜巨厚煤层巷道冲击地压防治策略,并完成现场工程实践验证。研究结果表明:急倾斜巨厚煤层巷道掘进的冲击地压发生前第2~5天出现微震总能量极低值,或存在至少4 d的能量潜伏期;冲击地压发生前5 d普遍存在3 d以上的最大能量占比高频波动期。冲击地压发生前存在明显缺震现象,发生位置集中分布在距离掘进工作面较近的微震能量极小值区间范围内,或位于微震能量极值区间附近的微震频次极小值区间范围内,且冲击地压事件位于冲击变形能指数较高区域。急倾斜巨厚煤层水平分段综放开采的坚硬覆岩结构不易破断,使得巷道掘进存在上水平采空区两侧“双翼型”应力集中,掘进工作面前方与巷道底部受顶底板岩层相互挤压的应力集中分布且能量积聚显著,随着巷道掘进深度增加其应力集中与能量积聚进一步增强,容易诱发冲击地压等动力灾害。综合分析形成急倾斜巨厚煤层巷道掘进的工作面爆破卸压、巷道钻孔卸压与补强支护、复杂区域架蓬的冲击地压防治策略。结合冲击地压时空前兆异常为及时加强卸压力度提供时机。通过工作面与巷道卸压使得掘进期间未发生单日累计1×105 J以上微震能量,在对支护优化调整与复杂区域重点防护后,巷道掘进日均微震能量降至2.2 kJ,其1 kJ以上微震事件占比下降且巷道断面整体平整。研究结果为急倾斜巨厚煤层巷道安全掘进提供了科学依据。

鲜水河构造带隧道高地应力区岩爆特性分析

研究目的:青藏高原持续隆升,导致鲜水河构造带及邻区高地应力特征突出,地应力场极其复杂,研究高地应力的孕灾特征有助于隧道岩爆的风险防控,特别是时滞型岩爆的孕灾和致灾机理的研究。本文阐述鲜水河构造带地貌、地层岩性、构造及地应力场特征的孕灾总体认识,通过对该区域隧道近10 km约1300次岩爆统计,从发生概率、等级、埋深、位置、时间、距离等多角度研究岩爆特征,对发生的5次时滞型岩爆和隧道时效性变化特征进行分析,展望后续岩爆研究的重点。研究结论:(1)鲜水河构造带及邻区受高地应力影响,隐伏小微构造发育且无规律,为岩爆创造了特殊的孕灾环境,岩爆发生的随机性大;(2)该区域隧洞岩爆等级以轻微岩爆为主,具有“分区破裂”和脆性变形特征,时滞型岩爆一定程度上具有“继承性”;(3)建议加强沟谷应力场低埋型岩爆和滞后型岩爆或硬岩潜在时效破坏的监测研究;(4)本文研究成果可为类似高地应力环境下岩爆预测和防控提供借鉴。

变区段煤柱工作面诱冲机理及防治技术研究

针对某矿变区段煤柱工作面开采冲击危险性较高的问题,运用数值模拟方法对工作面采掘过程中煤柱区域垂直应力分布规律进行研究,分析了不同宽度区段煤柱应力积聚特征,揭示了变区段煤柱工作面诱冲机理,并制定了“近场-远场”协同卸压方案。研究结果表明,较宽的区段煤柱(30 m和55 m)受采空区侧向支承压力和超前支承压力影响,煤柱应力集中程度较高;受“近场高静载+远场动载”叠加影响,变区段煤柱工作面回采期间易诱发冲击地压;采取近场高承压煤体强卸压+远场高位坚硬顶板超前预裂断顶卸压协同控制方案后,微震能量事件始终维持在104J以下,表明控制方案能够有效降低工作面采掘期间的冲击危险性。

煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害监测预警与防控技术研究进展

煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害是深部煤炭开采的重大安全隐患,探明其致灾机理、发展监测预警及防控技术是防治关键。提出了煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害防治“四面体”理论,即分别从灾害分类、灾害机理、灾害预警、灾害防控4个层面概述煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害研究进展。总结了以能量释放主体、初始瓦斯压力、载荷条件为主的复合动力灾害类型划分依据;梳理了理论分析尺度和实验室尺度下的复合动力灾害机理研究进展,发现应力路径、微裂纹动态演化和煤岩赋存地质因素临界指标是致灾机理研究的关键;概述了以前期灾害前兆信息判识、中期灾害前兆信息采集、后期灾害一体化监测预警为主线的复合动力灾害监测预警技术研究进展;揭示了复合动力灾害消能减灾一体化防控技术和多尺度分源防控关键技术科学内涵。在此基础上针对两淮矿区灾害特点,提出了深部强动载条件下复合动力灾害智能判识与预警方法和分区协同防控方法。基于当前研究进展,提出了煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害研究亟待解决的问题,助力实现深部煤炭安全、精准、高效开采。

我国深部冲击地压防控工程技术难题及发展方向

随着煤矿开采深度不断加大,我国深部冲击地压发生及其防治变得常态化,为了提高深部冲击地压防控技术成效,从深部冲击地压防控现场工程技术难题出发,结合灾害防治工程实践数据统计,分析了我国深部冲击地压防控因自身地质赋存地应力高,人为开采扰动范围大,灾害防治过程围岩卸压后应力恢复快,冲击地压防治成效低下原因归结于防冲卸压工程实施与浅部开采相比,面临“三高一低”防控技术新要求,包括高强度的大尺寸钻孔卸压,以解决厚硬煤层不容易塌孔问题;小间距高密度施工钻孔,以解决钻孔卸压范围不联通问题;多轮反复高频度施工,以解决深部煤层卸压后应力恢复快问题;采掘工作面进尺低速度推进,以解决开采扰动强度大问题。针对深部冲击地压“三高一低”防控新要求模式,为了进一步提高冲击地压防控安全可靠性,以常规源头防控冲击地压采用优化开拓开采部署的局限性为背景,提出了深部冲击地压上覆岩层结构与载荷主动调控区域防控冲击地压技术,并提出了进一步需要解决的科学问题;以近年来几起典型的冲击地压事故存在防治方案“漏靶”问题为背景,开发了深部冲击地压采掘空间局部靶向防控技术,并指出了下一步还需要解决的科学难题;以煤矿冲击地压防治措施实施后,难以评判安全性问题为背景,提出了深部冲击地压防治卸压达标评判技术,并指出了下一步还需要解决的科学难题;以煤炭行业大力推广开采智能化,治灾仍需靠人工,人员处于高危环境作业问题,探索了深部冲击地压防治过程智慧智能化新兴研究方向及其面临的科学难题。最后,客观的指出,冲击地压防控绝不纯粹是理论与技术问题,人类对专业问题的认知也是酿成事故的重要原因之一,结合现场工程实践,讨论了冲击地压概念、冲击地压机理是否清楚、冲击地压能否预测、冲击地压能否防治以及冲击地压矿井怎么办等行业焦点专业问题,指出冲击地压工程难题是人类与自然界作斗争,需要从业人员客观认知,客观接受并深入研究,成效是显著的。

陕西煤矿冲击地压发生规律与分类防治

随着煤炭资源开采区域不断向西部以及深部转移,西部地区冲击地压矿井数量呈井喷式增长。陕西省作为煤炭大省,煤炭开发供应规模稳居全国前列,但冲击地压灾害尤为突出,为了有效遏制本地区煤矿冲击地压频繁发生势头,并为类似条件矿区冲击地压防治提供借鉴,通过分析陕西煤矿10年来的24座矿井、85起冲击地压案例,基本厘清了冲击地压发生规律,并开展了基于主控因素的分类防治研究。研究结果表明:陕西省煤矿冲击地压具有灾害矿井集中、灾害程度严重、多灾害叠加影响显著、防治难度大等特点;冲击地压监测技术、防治技术与地方法规建设历程几乎同步,达到了起步晚,起点高,示范效应强的结果;基于冲击地压主控因素,将陕西省冲击地压划分为3大类,分别为:坚硬顶板主导型、地质构造主导型和宽煤柱主导型,并针对主控因素提出弱化坚硬顶板、转移煤柱高集中应力、释放构造应力的防治方法。通过10年来的工程实践,不断优化矿井开采设计,探索煤层厚硬顶板千米顺层钻孔区域压裂新技术,加大防冲卸压技术的落实,冲击地压显现逐年减少,成果显著。

煤矿冲击地压高效精准防控难点及技术创新

冲击地压孕灾和致灾机理复杂、影响因素众多,煤矿地质环境复杂多变及隐伏构造的存在,卸压前后应力集中和冲击风险程度的变化难以定量评估,监测预警难以实现靶向预警和动态防控冲击地压等问题,导致当前煤矿冲击地压问题仍非常严重。在精准评价和防冲设计、采掘中靶向预警和动态防控等方面提出对应的解决途径,阐述了产学研结合获得的一些重要研究进展。结果表明,通过校企联合强化矿井冲击地压机理研究,结合多种方法提高冲击危险性评价的准确性,基于动静载冲击破坏模型和临界准则量化防冲措施参数,采掘中紧密结合地质和开采条件实现靶向预警和动态防控等,是实现冲击地压高效、精准防控的重要解决途径。三参量致灾理论和巷道瞬态触发—连锁破坏冲击模型、基于人工智能巷道抗震能力评估及卸压—支护优化设计、煤层应力随钻感知和精准卸压调控、冲击地压靶向监测预警技术、采掘全过程冲击地压跟踪治理技术等一系列创新成果,破解了复杂致灾环境下冲击地压防控难题,为冲击矿井安全高效开采提供了有力保障。

新巨龙煤矿煤层大巷冲击地压防治技术

针对新巨龙煤矿3303工作面回采末期开采扰动对煤层大巷产生的冲击地压风险,采用微震监测分析了开采期间工作面超前煤岩体破裂的分布和演变规律,理论分析了大巷保护煤柱区应力分布形态,数值模拟分析了工作面开采前后大巷煤柱区应力分布特征及煤层大巷在工作面采动影响下的应力分布及演变规律,阐述了新巨龙煤层大巷区域冲击地压发生机理。研究表明:大巷保护煤柱区域应力呈“马鞍形”分布,受工作面采动影响,应力与超前支承压力叠加逐渐增大。工作面回采末期,采空区连通范围增大也导致支承压力峰值增大。3303工作面超前支承压力影响范围约为180 m,工作面距大巷小于180 m时,受采动垂直应力影响较明显,巷道帮部冲击风险增强。此外,通过优化3303工作面终采线位置,采取巷道加强支护、巷道煤体卸压及顶板爆破卸压等针对性防治方案,工作面回采末期大巷区域矿震少且能量低,冲击地压防治效果显著。

特厚煤层综放临空巷道冲击地压综合防治技术应用

在特厚煤层开采过程中,由于临空巷道受相邻上一个工作面采空区顶板活动以及现采工作面回采影响,在回采过程中,由于临空侧向静载荷和回采期间超前动载荷相互叠加,导致临空巷道围岩应力随之上升,巷道冲击风险也随之增加。以小庄煤矿40205回采工作面为背景,采用理论分析、现场实测、数据统计等方法,研究分析了临空巷道工作面回采过程中产生冲击的主控因素并制定出了相应的防冲卸压技术方案;现场实施后,通过微震、应力监测方法进行了效果检验。结果表明:特厚煤层临空巷道回采过程中,通过现场防冲卸压技术方案的优化后,微震能量数据主要以102J/d为主,临空侧巷道两帮收敛量降低了96%,工作面超前100~150 m内,应力值降低至7.3 MPa,同时,通过采用“锚索+双网+大托盘”联合支护,提高了巷道的支护能力,工作面回采期间冲击地压防治效果显著,为后期临空巷道回采积累了经验。

窄煤柱沿空掘巷迎头区贯通阶段矿压显现规律及防治技术研究

对于存在冲击地压危险的沿空掘巷工作面,由于其应力环境的复杂性,大大增加了巷道贯通阶段防冲工作的难度。基于如何避免掘进工作面迎头区冲击地压频发的问题,确保工作面安全科学贯通,以纳林河二号矿井31120沿空掘进工作面为工程背景,展开理论分析和实践探索。通过理论分析,对掘进工作面迎头区冲击地压的发生机理展开初步探讨;进一步采用地音监测的方法,分析了掘进贯通期间迎头滞后区域地音事件突增的范围,进而确定该范围为掘进贯通影响区域。为了消除冲击地压隐患,设计了掘进贯通期间的多轮循环大直径钻孔卸压措施,并通过现场实测数据分析得到卸压效果良好的结论。本文研究对于提高纳林河二号矿井31120沿空掘进工作面的安全性与稳定性具有重要意义,同时也为类似工程提供了有益的参考和借鉴。

冲击地压矿井坚硬煤层采煤工作面防治措施研究

针对冲击地压对矿井采煤工作面的危害以及防治措施的重要性展开研究。通过理论分析冲击地压形成机理、煤层力学特性及采煤工作面结构等因素,提出了有效的监测与评估方法。结合传统和新型防治技术,对冲击地压防治措施进行了系统探讨。进一步分析了已应用措施的效果,并评价其可行性和适用性。研究成果对矿井冲击地压防治工作具有重要指导意义,为提高矿井安全生产水平提供了理论支持和技术参考。

新街矿区厚硬顶板条件邻空巷道冲击地压机理与控制

【目的和方法】针对厚硬顶板条件下深部矿井回采巷道冲击地压严重威胁工作面安全生产的问题,以内蒙古新街矿区典型深采矿井3-1103工作面辅运巷为工程研究背景,分析邻空巷道冲击地压频发区域外在主控因素和内在驱动力源;构建基于软化地基与弹性地基假定“岩梁-地基”系统力学特性的顶板断裂前受载力学模型,解析采场覆岩结构演化过程厚硬顶板岩梁能量演化规律及其主控因素;运用FLAC3D模拟并探查邻空巷道冲击失稳高风险区域位置与特征;研究采场覆岩结构优化与围岩应力能量控制方案,制定厚硬顶板破断诱发邻空巷道冲击地压控制方法。【结果和结论】结果表明:(1)邻空巷道冲击地压频发区域易发生以高静载或高静载叠加动载为主导灾变力源的失稳破坏,影响因素主要为顶板厚硬岩层、邻近采空区、区段煤柱。(2)顶板储能总量与覆岩载荷、软化地基系数、顶板岩梁弹性模量及惯性矩、采空区顶板极限跨距、工作面支架参数等有关。其中,覆岩载荷、软化地基系数和采空区顶板极限跨距与岩梁应变能密度呈正相关,顶板岩梁弹性模量及惯性矩、工作面支护参数与岩梁应变能密度呈负相关。(3)回采期间3-1103工作面超前支承压力区及其影响区域内区段煤柱和回采巷道煤体呈现多因素叠加影响,发生应力集中和能量积聚,是冲击失稳高风险区域;该区域较3-1101综采面其围岩应力与能量集中度进一步加剧增大。其中,工作面前方应力和应变能密度峰值增幅最大分别为6.61%、12.04%,区段煤柱应力和应变能密度峰值增幅最大分别为29.06%、65.14%。(4)提出了“卸压爆破预处理高静载区域+深孔爆破或水力致裂预裂厚硬顶板+强化巷道吸能防冲支护”的解决方案,现场应用效果明显。

巷道围岩连锁冲击破坏机理及稳定控制方法研究

利用虚拟交界面将巷道围岩整体结构分成若干岩体单元和弹性单元,建立巷道围岩连锁冲击破坏理论及其力学结构模型,分析了不同静载、动载组合巷道围岩连锁破坏形式,建立了连锁破坏的力学方程和能量方程,揭示了巷道围岩储能结构、阻力结构在冲击启动和破坏过程中的作用和影响机制。研究表明,冲击地压是动力扰动诱发煤岩体内部弹性能突然释放的结果,其中煤岩体储能结构是冲击破坏的内因和动力源泉,动载诱发局部岩体破坏和能量连续释放;煤岩体冲击破坏时,其整体结构转变为向巷道自由空间运动的多滑块(岩体单元)结构,各滑块间存在相对运动、挤压以及弹性单元触发产生的冲击力,使各岩体单元的速度和加速度均处在动态变化当中;巷道围岩防冲控制的有效思路是调整巷道围岩整体结构,合理分布储能结构和冲击阻力结构,主动破坏能量持续解锁所需的弹性单元,使巷道周边围岩由储能结构转变为阻力结构区域。