Technical Points of Green Prevention and Control Technology of Major Diseases and Pests in Lixian Rhubarb(Rheum palmatum L.)

Based on different types of diseases,pests and weeds in the whole growth period of rhubarb(sowing period-harvesting period),the corresponding green prevention and control technology is proposed,aiming to further reduce the application amount of pesticides and fertilizers in the production of medicinal sources of Lixian rhubarb during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period.The results will provide a theoretical basis for increasing the promotion and application of agricultural prevention and control(including disease-resistant varieties,ecological regulation),physical prevention and control,biological prevention and control measures,thus ensuring effective protection of the ecological environment,green,healthy and sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine agriculture in Longnan,and source quality of authentic medicinal materials.

Major Diseases and Pests of Blueberry in Guizhou Province and Progress in Their Prevention and Control

As the blueberry industry continues to evolve,the effective control of its diseases and pests has become an essential component of local agricultural development.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the principal types of blueberry diseases and pests in Guizhou Province,along with the corresponding control measures,in order to serve as a valuable reference for blueberry growers.

Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology of Vegetable Diseases and Pests in Shandong Province

An in-depth research and practice has been conducted on vegetable diseases and pests in Shandong Province,and the principles of comprehensive and ecological control of diseases and pests are put forward,including agricultural control measures such as crop rotation,field cleaning,fertilizer and water management,physical control measures such as catching and killing,trapping,blocking,photoelectric energy treatment,biological control measures such as the use of natural enemies,pathogenic microorganisms,other beneficial organisms and metabolites,and scientific and rational chemical control measures.Comprehensive prevention and control not only controls vegetable diseases and pests effectively,but also protects the ecological environment.

Species and Control Techniques of Main Diseases and Insect Pests of Camellia oleifera in Anhui Province

[Objectives]The paper was to master the species,incidence regularity and control techniques of main diseases and insect pests of Camellia oleifera in Anhui Province.[Methods]The species of main diseases and insect pests of C.oleifera in major C.oleifera afforestation bases and seedling bases in Anhui Province were investigated through field survey and literature search.Afterwards,the symptom characteristics,occurrence regularity and harms of diseases and insect pests were analyzed,and scientific and reasonable control techniques were put forward.[Results]The main diseases of C.oleifera in Anhui Province were soft rot disease,blister blight,anthracnose,sooty blotch,etc.,and the main insect pests were Euproctis pseudoconspersa,Biston marginata,Hypomeces squamosus,Curculio chinensts,Chrenoma atritarsis,etc.The control techniques mainly included ecological regulation,physical prevention and control,chemical prevention and control,and biological prevention and control.[Conclusions]The results will promote the high-quality development of C.oleifera industry in Anhui Province,and contribute to the improvement of China s edible vegetable oil supply and national grain and oil security.

Occurrence and Epidemic Dynamics and Accurate Prevention and Control of Important Sugarcane Pests and Diseases in the Sugarcane Areas of Yunnan

Based on investigation and research, according to the current actual production of sugarcane, the occurrence dynamics and outbreak causes of important pests and diseases that seriously affect sugarcane production were summarized, and accurate and efficient green prevention and control technology was put forward according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of important pests and diseases, such as strengthening sugarcane introduction and quarantine, breeding and selecting varieties resistant to diseases and pests, promoting the use of detoxified healthy seedlings vigorously, applying lamp trapping technology on a large scale, scientifically guiding and promoting biological prevention and control technology, practically promoting the precise and efficient application of slow-release long- acting and low toxic pesticides, strengthening field management, spraying pesticides in time at the early stage of a disease, and doing a good job of monitoring and emergency prevention and control of sudden pests.

Occurrence Characteristics,Prevention and Control of Pests and Diseases of Tropical Outdoor Cultivated Rosa chinensis

According to the hazards and occurrence characteristics of major diseases of Rosa chinensis, such as powdery mildew, branch canker and black spot, and major pests such as mites, aphids, thrips and Lepidoptera, prevention and control of the diseases and pests should be based on pruning, garden cleaning, water and fertilizer management, and chemical control can be applied as the supplement. Suitable prevention and control measures should be adopted for preventing the disea- ses and pests scientifically.

Green Prevention and Control Technology of Pests in Cotton Fields in Shandong Province

In order to better serve cotton farmers,green prevention and control technologies of pests are formulated according to the sowing,seedling and adult stages of cotton from the aspects of ecological prevention and control,physical prevention and control,biological control and scientific use of pesticides,thus realizing green prevention and control of pests during the whole growth period of cotton.

Green Prevention and Control Technology of Peanut Diseases and Pests in Nanchong City

This paper introduced the main types of peanut pests and diseases in Nanchong City,and proposed green prevention and control technical measures for the reference of local growers.

Integrated Prevention and Control Technology of Major Diseases and Insect Pests of Strawberry

In order to effectively deal with the problems of diseases and insect pests in the growth process of strawberry and to improve the quality and yield of strawberry,the main diseases and insect pests in strawberry cultivation such as powdery mildew,gray mold,anthracnose,red stele root rot,calcium deficiency,salt or fertilizer damage,aphids,red spiders,thrips,grubs,etc.and their identification methods were analyzed.The comprehensive pollution-free prevention and control techniques of these pests and diseases were explored,in order to provide technical guidance for high quality,efficient and harmless production of strawberry.

Green Prevention and Control Technology against Main Diseases and Insect Pests of Facility Tomato

In recent years,with the increasing planting area of facility tomato,diseases and insect pests such as tomato grey mold(Botrytis cinerea),early blight(Alternaria solani),late blight(Phytophthora infestans),and whitefly(Trialeurodes uaporariorum) occur frequently,causing severe harms and difficulties in prevention and control.In order to ensure the normal production of facility tomato and improve the yield and quality of tomato,the corresponding prevention and control measures are put forward according to the regularity of the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and the characteristics of facility environment,which has certain guiding significance for agricultural production.

Occurrence and Damage Characteristics of Sugarcane Catastrophic Diseases and Pests in Menglian Sugarcane Area and Their Prevention and Control Strategies

In recent years,the conditions of continuous warm winter,more rain and high humidity are very beneficial to the breeding and survival of sugarcane diseases and pests.Coupled with the degradation of single varieties,more attention on new plants and less on ratoon cane and the unscientific and unreasonable use of chemical pesticides,the types of sugarcane diseases and pests in the Menglian sugarcane area are increasing day by day,and the damage is increasing year by year,resulting in a substantial reduction in production and sugar,and a serious disaster threat to sugarcane production.Based on the field survey and the current sugarcane production practice in Menglian,this paper systematically reviewed the occurrence and damage dynamics and outbreak reasons of catastrophic diseases and pests that seriously influence sugarcane production,and proposed corresponding prevention and control strategies and integrated prevention and control technology according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of catastrophic diseases and pests.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Control of Major Sugarcane Diseases and Pests in Low Latitude Plateau

This research was aimed at the defects in traditional artificial spraying control method and the problems such as the difficulty in pesticides applying,labor shortage and low operating efficiency in the middle and late stage of sugarcane high stalk crops.The aerial pesticide application technology for sugarcane main diseases and pests was systematically developed and demonstrated from the aspects of aircraft type choice,selection of special pesticides and auxiliaries,integration of pesticides and equipment,field operation,technical specifications,and large-scale application organization mode.The UAV model and flight technical parameters suitable for the sugarcane planting area in low-latitude plateau were analyzed,and the optimal agent formulation combination and application technology of the UAV flight control were screened out,and the UAV flight control was applied to the major sugarcane pests and diseases control in the low-latitude plateau in large scale(UAV flight control was popularized and applied to 15 527 hm 2 in 2018).The research results provided mature whole-process technical support for the normalization of the application of the UVA flight control of major sugarcane pests and diseases.The UAV control technology for major sugarcane pests and diseases had the advantages of ultra-low pesticides applying dosage and high operating efficiency,and could effectively solve the problems such as the difficulty in pesticides applying,labor shortage and low operating efficiency in the middle late growth stage of high stalk crops.This technology successfully opened up a simple,efficient and new way for the effective control of major sugarcane pests and diseases,and practically accelerated the process of integrated control and prevention of sugarcane pests and diseases.In addition,this technology had an extremely significant effect on reducing the loss of sugarcane farmers and enterprises caused by the epidemic and outbreak of sugarcane pests and diseases,increasing sugarcane yield and sugar content.At the same time,this technology played an important role in realizing the whole-process precise control of sugarcane pests and diseases,improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of sugarcane,and guaranteeing the national sugar safety.

Prevention and Controll of Diseases and Pest Damages of Siraitia grosvenori

[Objective] The aim was to develop prevention and control approaches of diseases and pests of Siraitia grosvenori. [Method] Long-term observation was con- ducted on cultivation methods of Siraitia grosvenori in the gardens in Longjiang Vil- lage of Yongfu County to conclude the prevention methods. [Result] Siraitia grosvenori yield can be reduced by nine diseases, such as root knot nematode dis- ease, and eight pests, such as Brachytrupes portentosus. [Conclusion] It would be effective for prevention of diseases and pests and guarantee quality and yield of Luohan guo to manage the gardens dominated by biological control and supple- mented by pesticide as per crop rotation.

基于Android的果树病虫害信息推送系统的设计

针对果树病虫害防控关键时期,结合个性化推送技术,提出了病虫害防控信息推送机制,探讨了信息服务推送的技术关键。本系统采用B/S架构,搭建了My Eclipse开发环境,采用JAVA开发语言进行设计,制定了果树病虫害防控方案,按果树栽培品种、管理关键时期等有针对性的推送病虫害防治信息。实现了"信息找人"的服务方式,为用户提供个性化的主动信息服务,该系统具有服务精准、信息生动等特点。

5种药剂对甘薯地下害虫的防治效果研究

为了筛选出适合防治地下害虫的杀虫剂,以甘薯普薯32为试材,在河南郑州和洛阳地下害虫发生严重的地块,研究5种药剂对地下害虫的防治效果。结果表明:0.5%噻虫胺(颗粒)90 kg/hm^(2)和金龟子绿僵菌2亿/g(颗粒)90 kg/hm^(2),防治效果较好,防治效果最高分别是82.77%和79.48%,商品率最高分别为92.51%和91.06%,平均产量比对照增产最高分别是10.49%和9.57%。噻虫胺和金龟子绿僵菌分别代表化学药剂和生物药剂在甘薯地下害虫防治上表现较好。

小麦病虫害的绿色防控与减量控害技术研究——以新疆塔城地区塔城市为例

小麦是我国北方重要的粮食作物。为减少农药使用量、保障粮食安全,塔城市农业技术推广中心站积极开展小麦病虫害绿色防控与农药减量增效融合示范及推广应用工作。阐述塔城市小麦病虫害的绿色防控与减量控害技术,以期为粮食安全战略提供技术支持。

基于蔬菜生产中沼肥的综合应用

当前,随着我国城市化进程的不断深入和农业产业的升级,促使生态农业发展呈现出逐年扩张的态势。蔬菜产业作为生态农业中重要的组成部分,其生产培育标准也日趋严格。在蔬菜生产过程中,经由厌氧发酵后所形成的沼液和沼渣,可将大量的病菌虫卵杀除,既实现了沼肥的无害化处理,又能有效的提升培育土壤的肥力。在此基础上,随着化肥用量的大幅降低,也使得富含丰富营养的沼肥在提升蔬菜作物抗病能力的同时,种植与培育成本得以降低。对此,本文以蔬菜生产中的沼液、沼渣等沼肥作为研究对象,对沼肥的成分及特性加以概述。随后,对蔬菜生产中的沼肥的综合应用做出探讨。通过本文的分析与研究,以期对蔬菜生产中沼肥综合应用程度的提升,提供可供参考与借鉴的内容。

玉米中后期病虫害控害增效药剂组合筛选

为了一体化防控玉米中后期病虫害,在玉米大喇叭口期至抽雄期,应用植保无人机,优化广谱、内吸传导性强、持效期长的杀菌剂与杀虫剂,并与微肥、飞防增效剂混配,开展了玉米中后期病虫害控害增效药剂组合筛选试验。结果表明,17%唑醚·氟环唑悬浮剂900 mL/hm^(2)+40%氯虫·噻虫嗪水分散粒剂180 g/hm^(2)+氨基酸液肥495 mL/hm^(2)+迈飛飞防专用增效剂300 mL/hm^(2)组合、43%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂360 mL/hm^(2)+40%氯虫·噻虫嗪水分散粒剂180 g/hm^(2)+氨基酸液肥495 mL/hm^(2)+迈飛飞防专用增效剂300 mL/hm^(2)组合,对玉米大斑病、灰斑病的防治效果为79.8%~88.2%,对玉米螟、双斑萤叶甲的防治效果为92.3%~94.3%,增产率达15.2%,一次施药可达到防病、防虫、增产的效果。

几种喷雾助剂对小麦病虫害防治农药减量增效的试验

通过使用喷雾助剂对农药减量增效试验,验证和评价助剂迈飞、农建飞、奇功对药剂防治小麦病虫害减药增效的效果,为其推广应用提供科学依据。结果表明,常规用药量80%加入推荐用量的奇功助剂使用电动喷雾器常量喷雾,药效显著高于常规用药量,减药增效效果显著,但与常规用药量加入推荐用量的奇功助剂之间药效差异不显著;常规用药量80%加入推荐用量的迈飞和农建飞助剂采用无人机低容量喷雾,药效显著高于常规用药量,减药增效作用显著,但与常规用药量加入推荐用量的迈飞和农建飞助剂之间药效差异不显著。可见,常规用药量80%加入3种助剂,对小麦病虫害的防效相对较好,达到了减药增效的目的,可以在生产实际中推广应用。

2022-2023年度湖南省油菜病虫害防控植保贡献率评价

为科学评估病虫害对油菜生产的影响程度和植保措施减损增产的重要作用,湖南省植保植检站在祁东、鼎城、桃江、永兴组织开展2022—2023年度油菜病虫害防控植保贡献率评价工作。通过设置严格防控、统防统治、农户自防和完全不防治病虫(对照)处理,采用大区试验,评估不同试验县(区)不同油菜病虫害防控处理的植保贡献率。结果表明:各试点处理的实际损失率为0.17%~67.56%,病虫害防控处理的植保贡献率为4.10%~67.56%。调查统计结果显示,参试县(区)油菜病虫害防控(不含杂草)植保贡献率分别为祁东25.73%、鼎城35.49%、桃江23.50%、永兴33.36%;湖南省油菜病虫防控植保贡献率为28.51%,据此测算,2022—2023年度全省通过病虫害防控约挽回菜籽损失7.38亿kg。