Family counseling of dental and oral care for preventing caries of dental during preschool age: a literature review

Incorrect family behavior in caring for the dental and oral health of preschool-aged children can affect the incidence of dental caries in these children and can cause more serious health problems in the future if not treated immediately,so it is important to find the right solution.This study aims to determine the effect of family counseling on dental and oral care for preschoolers.This study uses a narrative literature review method.Search articles using 5 databases(Pubmed,ScienceDirect,SpringerLink,ProQuest,and Google Scholar)to search for articles with the keywords family counseling AND Oral health AND Early Childhood Caries AND Behavior Change AND Family and the article selection process refers to the Flow diagram of the PRISMA Statement 2020.The results showed that there were 7 articles analyzed in this study.The implementation of family counseling has a significant effect in increasing self-efficacy,knowledge,ability,and motivation of the family,as well as the behavior of the child,to reduce the risk of dental caries in preschool-age children,taking into account several conditions.It was determined that family counseling is effective in reducing the incidence of dental caries in preschool children.

Prevalence and Years of Life Lost due to Disability from Dental Caries among Children and Adolescents in Western China,1990-2015

Objective To analyze the prevalence and years lived with disability （YLD） from dental caries among children and adolescents and the time trends over the past two decades in Sichuan province, the largest province in west China. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 （GBD2015）, which systematically assessed the epidemiological characteristics of major diseases and their transitions by country and region from 1990 to 2015, we extracted the estimated results for China. We then used the Bayesian meta-regression method to estimate the sex- and age-specific prevalences and YLDs from dental caries among children and adolescents under 15 years old in Sichuan province and compared them with global and national indicators for the same period. Results In 2015, there were almost 6 million cases of dental caries in children and adolescents （aged 〈 15 years） in Sichuan province, accounting for 6% of the total cases in China. For children under 5 years, the prevalence of deciduous caries was 55.9%, and the YLDs value was 10.8 per 100,000, while it was 24.3% and 5.1 per 100,000 respectively among 5- to 14-year-olds; for those aged 5 to 14 years, the prevalence of permanent caries was 21.5%, and the YLDs value was 11.5 per 100,000. From 1990 to 2015, the prevalence of dental caries for children under 5 years increased substantially, by 16.2%, and the YLDs increased by 8.7%. Among those aged 5 to 14 years, the prevalence increased and the YLDs decreased. Conclusion Dental caries remains a huge health burden in Western China. In contrast to the global and national data, the trend has increased rapidly over the past 25 years in this region. This work provides suggestions for the prevention and control for oral health in China with the policy of two-child.

Association between BMI and Dental Caries among School Children and Adolescents in Jiangsu Province, China

Obesity has reached epidemic levels in recent years and remains a global public health problem worldwide despite improvements in oral disease prevention programs. Additionally, the prevalence of oral disease has rapidly increased in a number of lowand middle-income countries, accelerated by the greatest burden and higher risk factors, such as presenting in changes of eating habits,

Prevalence and Years Lived with Disability for Dental Caries among Children Aged 0-14 Years in China, 1990-2016

The estimate of dental caries among Chinese children at the microscale level using standard methodology remains unclear. In this study, we assessed and analyzed the disease burden of childhood dental caries in China by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 （GBD 2016）. In 2016, the number of cases, prevalence, years lived with disability （YLD）, and age-standardized YLD rate of dental caries was 93.0 million, 43.0%, 32,200 person years, and 14.8 per 100,000, respectively. Across 33 provincial units, the disease burden was highest in Hubei （YLD rate 28.6 per 100,000）, lowest in Macao （9.1 per 100,000）, while geographical clustering was not observed. Compared with 1990, the prevalence in 2016 decreased from 46.8% to 43.0%, and the YLD rate decreased from 16.5 per 100,000 to 14.8 per 100,000. Given the slight decrease in dental caries burden, the prevalence and disease burden remained high among Chinese children. Strategies for addressing the spatial inequity of childhood dental caries require geographical targeting.

Association between Asthma and Dental Caries amongst 12 - 15 Years Old Children: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Karachi, Pakistan

Objective: The study aimed to determine an association between dental caries and asthma among 12 to 15 years old children. Methods: This is a school-based cross-sectional study conducted from January to February 2016. A random sample of 544 children aged 12 - 15 years were enrolled from five private schools of Karachi. Dental caries was assessed using DMFT Index (Decayed, Missing, Filled teeth). The main exposure variable was asthma and information on it was collected through the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. Results: The data was analyzed using Cox Proportional Hazard algorithm. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios with 95% CI were reported. Total 554 children, 306 (56.3%) boys and 43.7% girls participated in the study. Mean age of children was 13.2 ± 0.05 years. Total number of children with DMFT > 0 was 30.5%. The decayed component contributed largely (22.8%) to the DMFT score. Overall prevalence of asthma was 20%. Prevalence of caries in asthmatic children was 28.4% as compared to 31% among non-asthmatic children. Adjusted prevalence ratio of dental caries in asthmatic children was 0.8 (95% CI 0.6 - 1.3) after adjusting for carious food intake, age, oral hygiene index and dentist visit;the association between asthma and dental caries turned out to be in-significant. Conclusions: There was no association observed between asthma and dental caries among the children examined in this study.

Systematic review of noninvasive treatments to arrest dentin non-cavitated caries lesions

AIM: To systematically review the literature on the efficacy of noninvasive methods of arresting the progression of non-cavitated occlusal carious lesions in dentin.METHODS: The Medline/Pub Med,LILACS,Sci ELO and Scopus databases were searched to identify relevant publications through to November 2013.Only clinical trials evaluating the ability of noninvasive methods to arrest the progression of occlusal non-cavitated carious lesions in dentin were included.Screening,data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate.RESULTS: Of 167 citations identified,nine full text articles were screened and five were included in the analysis.All papers reported on occlusal fissure sealing using a self-curing glass ionomer(n = 1) or resin-based(n = 4) sealant.Only the use of resin-based sealant to obliterate occlusal fissures arrested the progression of non-cavitated occlusal carious lesions in dentin.CONCLUSION: Occlusal fissure sealing with a resin-based sealant may arrest the progression of non-cavitated occlusal dentinal caries.Further clinical trials with longer follow-up times should be performed to increase scientific evidence.

Prevalence of dental caries among preschool children in Shanghe County of Shandong Province and relevant prevention and treatment strategies

Background Decayed teeth are harmful to children＇s growth and development and can severely jeopardize their health. This study was set out to investigate and analyze the prevalence of dental caries in preschool children in Shanghe County in Shandong Province, China, and provide new insights into potential prevention and treatment strategies. Methods Based on the random sampling method, we performed dental examinations of children aged 2 to 6 years in kindergartens of Shanghe County. The prevalence of caries, the average number of decayed teeth per capita as well as the constituent rates of decayed, missing and filled teeth were determined retrospectively. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results Dental caries were found in 1088 out of 2052 children from 56 kindergartens. The total number of decayed teeth was 4487 with a prevalence of 53.02%. The average number of decayed teeth per capita was 2.187, and the filling rate was 0.29%. There was no statistical difference in the prevalence of caries between boys and girls though there were significant differences between different age groups. The prevalence of decayed teeth as well as the mean number of decayed teeth infected per capita increased with age. In addition, urban children had a higher prevalence than those from rural areas （P 〈0.01）. Conclusions The prevalence of decayed caries among kindergarten children in Shanghe County was high, suggesting that more emphasis should be put on improving oral health education with priority given to prevention. Further efforts should be made to increase the decayed caries filling rate.

GC Fuji Ⅶ PINK玻璃离子应用于年轻恒磨牙预防性充填疗效评价

目的：用自身对照法研究GcFujiVIIPINK玻璃离子体应用于年轻恒磨牙窝沟龋预防性充填治疗的疗效。方法：随机选择2009年3月～2011年3月门诊就诊的56例7～14岁患儿。实验组：97颗矛争面窝沟龋在磨除龋坏牙体组织后应用GCFujiVIIPINK玻璃离子体对龋坏部位和未龋坏窝沟区域进行预防性充填。对照组：94颗矛各面窝沟龋则采用后牙复合树脂与流体树脂联用行预防性充填，评价两组1年、2年的保留成功率。同时分别统计两组每牙椅旁操作时间。结果：随访2年后发现采用GcFujiVIIPINK进行预防性充填治疗，充填成功率为95．7％，对照组则为91．2％，两组成功率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。充填后2年流体树脂组继发龋发病率为3．3％，FujiVII组继发龋发病率则为0。而实验组、对照组每牙平均操作时间分别为（7．389±0．457）min、（11．311土0．613）min，两组比较t=29．920，P=-0．000，两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：GCFujiVIIPINK对年轻恒磨牙的窝沟龋治疗疗效与树脂充填相近，但操作时间明显缩短，提高了临床医生的工作效率，值得推广应用。

Prevalence of dental caries in fluorosis areas of Shantou City Guangdong Province after water improvement

Objective To analyse the relationship between children urine fluoride level,time of water supply improvement and detection rate of dental caries in fluorosis areas after water supply improvement.Methods The

北京市2011-2022年5岁儿童乳牙龋纵向变化分析

目的了解北京市5岁儿童口腔健康状况及趋势,对自2011年开始每年开展的3~5岁儿童氟化泡沫项目进行效果评价。方法对照三次流调抽样原则,进行分层、整群随机抽样,每个区县根据经济水平高低随机各抽取3所幼儿园5岁儿童进行调查,每所幼儿园抽取60人。分析其患龋率、龋均及充填率等变化情况。结果2011年患龋率和龋均为最高值,2012-2022年患龋率及龋均均低于2011年,并自2018年后逐渐趋于稳定。充填率呈上升趋势;SiC指数位于7~8之间。患龋率、龋均及充填率男女对比无差异(P>0.05),城乡有差异(P<0.05)。结论从2011年起在全北京市范围内开展氟化泡沫等综合龋病预防项目以来,北京市患龋情况得以初步控制,但仍需进一步加强防治工作。

伢典微创去腐联合树脂充填治疗学龄前儿童龋齿疗效观察

目的:探讨Carisolv伢典微创去腐联合树脂充填治疗学龄前儿童龋齿的疗效。方法:选取2019年1月-2022年1月笔者医院就诊的88例学龄前儿童龋齿患者为研究对象,随机数字表法分为两组。对照组:44例,给予传统机械去腐联合树脂充填;研究组:44例,给予Carisolv伢典微创去腐联合树脂充填。比较两组治疗时间、儿童疼痛行为量表(The face,legs,activity,cry,consolability behavioral tool,FLACC)评分及牙周指标菌斑指数(Plaque index,PLI)、牙龈指数(Gingival index,GI)变化,统计修复效果。结果:两组去腐时间、充填时间及总体治疗时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组无痛、轻度疼痛发生率高于对照组,中度及重度疼痛发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组PLI、GI低于本组治疗前及对照组(P<0.05);研究组修复总有效率为98.11%,高于对照组的85.45%(P<0.05)。结论:学龄前儿童龋齿采用Carisolv伢典微创去腐联合树脂充填治疗可获得理想的修复效果,改善牙周健康,且疼痛程度轻。

199例学龄前儿童龋齿的影响因素研究

目的探讨学龄前儿童患龋的影响因素,为预防龋齿提供参考依据。方法选取2020年3月1日至6月30日该院口腔科就医1~6岁学龄前儿童199例,根据是否龋齿将研究对象分为病例组(119例)和对照组(80例)。比较2组喂养方式、断夜奶年龄等因素,并分析学龄前儿童患龋的影响因素。结果2组在年龄、身高方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在性别、体重、家庭所在地,家庭人均年收入方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组在喂养方式、断夜奶年龄、断母乳年龄、口腔检查目的、第1次去口腔医院就诊年龄比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。断母乳年龄、第1次去口腔医院就诊年龄和口腔检查目的是预防龋齿的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论断母乳年龄、第1次去口腔医院就诊年龄和口腔检查目的是预防龋齿的影响因素。尽早看牙医,及时治疗,同时注意口腔卫生,及时采取干预措施,可降低学龄前儿童龋齿发生率。

青海省5岁儿童龋齿患病状况及影响因素分析

目的 分析青海省2017年5岁儿童龋齿患病状况及影响因素。方法 依据2017年第四次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查结果中青海省的数据,按地区、性别分别计算5岁儿童患龋指标,按地区分析5岁儿童家长对口腔健康的知识与态度、儿童饮食习惯及儿童口腔卫生服务利用情况,并与2007年第三次全国口腔流行病学调查结果中青海省的数据进行比较;采用多因素Logistic回归分析儿童龋齿的影响因素。结果 2017年青海省5岁儿童患龋率为77.75%,较2007年上升了6.34个百分点(χ^(2)=5.818,P<0.05);其中城市地区儿童患龋率上升了10.81个百分点(χ^(2)=7.880,P<0.05),女童患龋率上升了14.00个百分点(χ^(2)=13.530,P<0.05)。2017年青海省5岁儿童龋齿填充率为1.76%,较2007年下降了0.14个百分点,其中城市地区儿童龋齿填充率高于农村地区儿童(χ^(2)=12.859,P<0.05)。2017年青海省5岁儿童龋均为4.69,较2007年增加了1.39。2017年青海省5岁儿童家长口腔健康知晓率为36.47%,较2007年上升了20.58个百分点;儿童家长对口腔健康持积极态度的比例为60.78%,较2007年下降了17.57个百分点。2017年青海省5岁儿童在过去12个月内出现牙痛或不适的比例为35.78%,而有就医经历者仅占19.27%,城市地区儿童有就医经历的比例高于农村地区儿童(χ^(2)=10.795,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,从来没去医院看过牙(OR=0.374,95%CI:0.141~0.993)是儿童发生龋齿的保护因素(P<0.05);对孩子牙齿和口腔状况评价为一般(OR=2.006,95%CI:1.174~3.425)或差(OR=8.236,95%CI:2.326~29.166)、儿童家长认为刷牙预防牙龈出血不正确/不知道(OR=1.648,95%CI:1.120~2.424)均是儿童发生龋齿的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 2017年青海省5岁儿童患龋率仍较高,应重点关注城市地区及女童的龋齿状况。实施有效的口腔综合干预措施,定期开展儿童口腔检查及对儿童的父母进行口腔知识宣教,能促使儿童树立正确的口腔健康观,养成良好的口腔健康行为,降低儿童患龋率。

儿童口腔分龄护理和科学防龋专家共识

龋病一直是困扰儿童口腔健康的重要因素,国家卫生健康委员会制定的《健康口腔行动方案(2019—2025年)》规划指出,针对口腔健康问题的长期规划将逐步从“治疗”转向“预防”,而科学的预防则是提升口腔健康的重中之重。科学防龋应从不同年龄段儿童口腔特点出发,选择含氟量适宜且牙本质相对磨损值适当的牙膏,使用专属的口腔清洁护理产品,建立长效防蛀的分龄护理观念。本共识从儿童口腔护理现状、家长护理误区、儿童不同年龄段口腔特点、分龄护理、长效防蛀阐述科学防龋策略,从而降低儿童患龋率,提高儿童口腔健康水平。

2018—2023年北京市朝阳区4所幼儿园学龄前儿童健康体检结果分析

目的:分析2018—2023年北京市朝阳区潘家园地区学龄前儿童的健康状况及变化趋势,为提高该地区学龄前儿童保健工作质量指明方向。方法:收集整理2018—2023年潘家园地区集体儿童保健年报表,对辖区4所幼儿园的学龄前儿童健康状况、传染病发病情况、伤害与事故的发生情况进行回顾分析。结果:2018—2023年潘家园地区学龄前儿童营养性疾病患病率一直处于较稳定的水平,各年份儿童低体重、消瘦患病率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为11.280、18.258,P<0.05);儿童龋齿患病率出现增长态势,而龋齿矫治率呈下降趋势,各年份间龋齿患病率和龋齿矫治率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为83.882、91.222,P<0.05);各年份间视力低常患病率和视力矫治率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为13.703、3.382,P<0.05)。2018—2023年儿童传染病总体发病率呈现波动趋势,其中2019年发病率最高,随之下降,2023年又出现增高,各年份间传染病总体发病率,流感、其他感染性腹泻、水痘发病率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为66.853、116.136、28.916、25.297,P<0.05)。结论:潘家园地区学龄前儿童健康状况良好,集体儿童保健工作取得良好成效。超重肥胖、龋齿、视力低常的预防和干预是下一阶段集体儿童保健工作的重点。

氟化钠护齿剂剂量对幼儿乳牙龋病的影响

目的探讨氟化钠护齿剂剂量对幼儿乳牙龋病的影响。方法选择2023年6月浙江省丽水地区10所公办幼儿园共330名儿童作为研究对象,随机分为三组,最终各入组110名儿童。高氟化钠组给予氟化钠护齿剂(含5%氟化钠)0.2mL/次·年,共2次;低氟化钠组给予氟化钠护齿剂(含5%氟化钠)0.1mL/次·年,共2次;对照组儿童不使用氟化钠。比较三组儿童的乳牙患龋率、龋均值、新增龋面均值以及涂氟后尿氟浓度的变化。结果干预后第2年,高氟化钠组与低氟化钠组龋齿发生率分别为37.27%、39.09%,均低于对照组51.82%(P<0.05);第1年、第2年高氟化钠组、低氟化钠组龋均值均低于对照组(P<0.01);涂氟后第1年与第2年高氟化钠组与低氟化钠组乳牙颊舌面、邻面、颌面新生龋面均值均低于对照组(P<0.01);涂氟后6、12小时高氟化钠组、低氟化钠组尿氟浓度高于对照组(P<0.05);涂氟后24、48小时三组尿氟浓度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);涂氟后高氟化钠组与低氟化钠组龋齿发生率、龋均值、新生龋面均值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论氟化钠的应用可降低幼儿龋齿发生率,减少新生龋面,涂布含5%氟化钠0.1mL/次·年即可达到较好的防龋效果,安全性较高。

可视软镜在儿童全身麻醉龋齿治疗中的应用

目的探讨可视软镜辅助经鼻气管插管在儿童全身麻醉龋齿治疗中的应用效果。方法选取2020年4月至2023年4月在南昌大学附属口腔医院择期全身麻醉下行龋齿治疗的患儿80例,年龄3~5岁。根据随机数字表法分为可视喉镜组和可视软镜组,每组40例。可视喉镜组患儿采用可视喉镜气管插管,可视软镜组患儿采用可视软镜气管插管。比较两组患儿气管插管套囊破裂、口腔软组织损伤、声嘶等插管并发症发生率与声门暴露时间、气管插管时间、首次气管插管成功率及诱导前30min、诱导后即刻、气管插管置入即刻、气管插管置入后3min患儿的心率(heart rate,HR)和平均动脉压(meanarterialpressure,MAP)。结果可视软镜组气管插管置入即刻患儿的HR、MAP和气管插管时间、套囊破裂及口腔软组织损伤发生率低于可视喉镜组(P<0.05)。结论全身麻醉龋齿治疗患儿应用可视软镜经鼻气管插管时,血流动力学稳定,插管时间短,插管并发症发生率低,可在临床推广应用。

上海市某区学龄前儿童乳牙患龋情况分析

目的 比较不同时期上海市某区学龄前儿童乳牙患龋情况,为优化儿童龋病的预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法 于2020—2022年在上海市某区6所幼儿园建立3岁幼儿口腔健康监测队列,并与2005年的队列进行比较。结果 本调查共检查学龄前儿童412名,2020—2022年累计发病率为28.67%。2020年队列中幼儿在各个年龄段的患龋率、DMFT指数、CSI指数均低于2005年队列儿童的结果,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。尽管随着年龄的增加,不同队列儿童的龋齿填充比有所增加,但是依然处于一个较低水平。结论 上海市学龄前儿童龋病的各项预防措施略有成效,患龋率有所降低,但防控形势依然严峻,龋齿充填率依然处于较低水平,需要采取更多有效的措施改善学龄前儿童的患龋情况。

非充填式龋洞控制在儿童龋病中的研究进展

儿童龋病是危害我国儿童口腔健康的常见病和高发病,不仅影响患儿美观、咀嚼、发音、颌面部及全身健康发育,也对患儿心理造成一定的伤害。传统治疗龋病的方法是有创的充填治疗,虽然目前提倡儿童舒适、微创治疗,但仍然有大部分儿童无法完全配合。对于这类儿童,非充填式龋洞控制具有重要意义,该文将针对儿童非充填式龋洞控制进行综述。

学龄前儿童龋病及家长的口腔健康认知现状调查

目的调查学龄前期儿童龋病现状及家长的口腔健康认知情况并探讨其影响因素。方法采取多阶段分层随机抽样法,于2022年抽取郑州市1872例学龄前儿童及其家长,调查儿童龋病发生情况及家长口腔健康认知情况。结果本次调查有1800例学龄前期儿童纳入分析,龋病发生率为54.72%。多因素回归分析显示,年龄、家长文化程度、开始刷牙时间、夜间进食频率、进食甜食频率、饮用碳酸饮料频率、家长接受口腔健康知识教育、儿童定期口腔检查、早晚刷牙、饭后漱口、使用含氟牙膏均是学龄前期儿童龋病的影响因素(均P<0.05);男性、家庭月收入≤5000元、文化程度中专及以下、农村均是家长口腔健康认知不佳的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论郑州地区学龄前期儿童龋病的发生率较高,家长口腔健康认知度不高。亟需开展有效的宣教,提高该群体的健康素养,降低儿童龋病风险。