Research on color image matching method based on feature point compensation in dark light environment

Image matching refers to the process of matching two or more images obtained at different time,different sensors or different conditions through a large number of feature points in the image.At present,image matching is widely used in target recognition and tracking,indoor positioning and navigation.Local features missing,however,often occurs in color images taken in dark light,making the extracted feature points greatly reduced in number,so as to affect image matching and even fail the target recognition.An unsharp masking(USM)based denoising model is established and a local adaptive enhancement algorithm is proposed to achieve feature point compensation by strengthening local features of the dark image in order to increase amount of image information effectively.Fast library for approximate nearest neighbors(FLANN)and random sample consensus(RANSAC)are image matching algorithms.Experimental results show that the number of effective feature points obtained by the proposed algorithm from images in dark light environment is increased,and the accuracy of image matching can be improved obviously.

Research progress about the effect and prevention of blue light on eyes

In recent years, people have become increasingly attentive to light pollution influences on their eyes. In the visible spectrum, short-wave blue light with wavelength between 415 nm and 455 nm is closely related to eye light damage. This high energy blue light passes through the cornea and lens to the retina causing diseases such as dry eye, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, even stimulating the brain, inhibiting melatonin secretion, and enhancing adrenocortical hormone production, which will destroy the hormonal balance and directly affect sleep quality. Therefore, the effect of Blu-rays on ocular is becoming an important concern for the future. We describe blue light’s effects on eye tissues, summarize the research on eye injury and its physical prevention and medical treatment.

A Topological Magueijo-Smolin Varying Speed of Light Theory, the Accelerated Cosmic Expansion and the Dark Energy of Pure Gravity

The paper presents a detailed analysis of ordinary and dark energy density of the cosmos based on two different but complimentary theories. First, and starting from the concept of the speed of light being an average over multi-fractals, we use Magueijo-Smolin’s ingenious revision of Einstein’s special relativity famous formula E = mc2 to a doubly special formula which includes the Planck energy as invariant to derive the ordinary energy density E(O) = mc2/22 and the dark energy density E(D) = mc2(21/22) wheremis the mass andcis the speed of light. Second we use the topological theory of pure gravity to reach the same result thus confirming the correctness of the theory of varying speed of light as well as the COBE, WMAP and Type 1a supernova cosmological measurements.

The Light-Dark Dual Universe for the Big Bang and Dark Energy

In the proposed light-dark dual universe, the light universe is the observable universe with light and kinetic energy that fueled the Big Bang, and the dark universe without light and kinetic energy has been observed as dark energy since about 9 billion years after the Big Bang. The light-dark dual universe started from the zero-energy universe through the four-stage cyclic transformation. Emerging from the zero-energy universe, the four-stage transformation consists of the 11D (dimensional) positive-negative energy dual membrane universe, the 10D positive-negative energy dual string universe, the 10D positive-negative energy dual particle universe, and the 4D (light)-variable D (dark) positive-negative energy dual particle asymmetrical universe. The transformation can then be reversed back to the zero-energy universe through the reverse four-stage transformation. The light universe is an observable four-dimensional universe started with the inflation and the Big Bang, and the dark universe is a variable dimensional universe from 10D to 4D. The dark universe could be observed as dark energy only when the dark universe turned into a four-dimensional universe. The four-stage transformation explains the four force fields in our universe. The theoretical calculated percentages of dark energy, dark matter, and baryonic matter are 72.8. 22.7, and 4.53, respectively, in nearly complete agreement with observed 72.8, 22.7, and 4.56, respectively. According to the calculation, dark energy started in 4.47 billion years ago in agreement with the observed 4.71 ± 0.98 billion years ago. The zero-energy cyclic universe is based on the space-object structures.

The Looped Light of the Triple-Slit Real Experiment as a Confirmation for the Extra Dimensions of Quantum Spacetime and the Reality of Dark Energy

Looped light in a recent sophisticated real three-slit experiment is interpreted as a strong justification of the old theoretical Peano-Hilbert spacetime model of Ord and El Naschie. This in turn entails the existence of extra fractal dimensions and consequently of real dark energy density in full agreement with previous analysis as well as accurate measurements and observations of COBE, WMAP, and the type 1a supernova.

A Unified Newtonian-Relativistic Quantum Resolution of the Supposedly Missing Dark Energy of the Cosmos and the Constancy of the Speed of Light

Time dilation, space contraction and relativistic mass are combined in a novel fashion using Newtonian dynamics. In this way we can surprisingly retrieve an effective quantum gravity energy-mass equation which gives the accurate experimental value of vacuum density. Furthermore Einstein’s equation of special relativity E = mc2, where m is the mass and c is the velocity of light developed assuming smooth 4D space time is transferred to a rugged Calabi-Yau and K3 fuzzy Kahler manifolds and revised to become E=(mc2)/(22), where the division factor 22 maybe interpreted as the compactified bosonic dimensions of Veneziano-Nambu strings. The result is again an accurate effective quantum gravity energy-mass relation akin to the one found using Newtonian dynamics which correctly predicts that 95.4915028% of the energy in the cosmos is the hypothetical missing dark energy. The agreement with WMAP and supernova measurements is in that respect astounding. In addition different theories are used to check the calculations and all lead to the same quantitative result. Thus the theories of varying speed of light, scale relativity, E-infinity theory, M-theory, Heterotic super strings, quantum field in curved space time, Veneziano’s dual resonance model, Nash Euclidean embedding and super gravity all reinforce, without any reservation, the above mentioned theoretical result which in turn is in total agreement with the most sophisticated cosmological measurements which was deservingly awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics. Finally and more importantly from certain viewpoints, we reason that the speed of light is constant because it is a definite probabilistic expectation value of a variable velocity in a hierarchical fractal clopen, i.e. closed and open micro space time.

Calculating the Exact Experimental Density of the Dark Energy in the Cosmos Assuming a Fractal Speed of Light

Fractal speed of light theory is a variation of Magueijo-Smolin varying speed of light (VSL) theoretical modification of Einstein’s energy mass relation. We use this theory to derive an exact value for the missing dark energy which is found to be in astonishing agreement with the latest result of the WMAP measurement and the independent supernova analysis. Thus while Einstein’s formula predicts 95.5% more energy than found in highly precise astrophysical measurement, our VSL- based calculation indicates an exact theoretical value of only 4.508497% real energy. Consequently, the exact conjectured missing dark energy must be 95.491502%. By any standards, this is an astounding confirmation for both the cosmological measurement and the VSL theory.

Differential gene expression in the body wall of the sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)under strong lighting and dark conditions

Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus is very sensitive to light changes. It is important to study the influence of light on the molecular response of A. japonicus. In this study, RNA-seq provided a general overview of the gene expression profiles of the body walls of A. japonicus exposed to strong light（＂light＂）, normal light（＂control＂） and fully dark（＂dark＂） environment. In the comparisons of ＂control＂ vs. ＂dark＂, ＂control＂ vs. ＂light＂ and ＂dark＂ vs.＂light＂, 1 161, 113 and 1 705 differentially expressed genes（DEGs） were identified following the criteria of｜log2 ratio｜≥1 and FDR≤0.001, respectively. Gene ontology analysis showed that ＂cellular process＂ and ＂binding＂enriched the most DEGs in the category of ＂biological process＂ and ＂molecular function＂, while ＂cell＂ and ＂cell part＂ enriched the most DEGs in the category of ＂cellular component＂. And the DEGs were mapped to 214, 41 and229 pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database, and 51, 2 and 57 pathways were significantly enriched, respectively. Light-specific DEGs identified in this study will be important targets for further investigation to establish the biochemical mechanisms involved in the adaption of this sea cucumber to changes in the level of environmental light.

Looped Light on Dark Energy

We give a mathematical golden mean distribution based probabilistic confirmation of a recent spectacular experiment with light. The experiment in question is a three-slit variant of the well known two-slit set up of quantum mechanics. The outcome of the sophisticated experiment revealed the looped path of light on the quantum scale and consequently the Peano-Hilbert geometry of spacetime, ergo its fractal-Cantorian nature. The mathematics used here on the other hand is the remarkably simple and insightful golden mean probability distribution known from a famous paradox known in social sciences as the voter paradox.

Light Speed Expansion and Rotation of a Very Dark Machian Universe Having Internal Acceleration

We present a Machian model of Quantum Cosmology with full dark matter and light speed expansion and rotation. During galaxy formation and evolution, fraction of dark matter transforms to visible matter with a relation of the form, m_vis = constant * (m_dark)2/3. Using this relation and replacing MOND’s “critical acceleration” with “current cosmic maximum angular acceleration”, galactic flat rotation speed range of (50 to 500) km/sec can be fitted well. Estimated flat rotation speeds of DD168, Milky Way and UGC12591 are 49.96 km/sec, 199.66 km/sec and 521.75 km/sec respectively. Based on these striking coincidences, it is possible to say that, MOND’s approach is implicitly connected with cosmological estimation of 95% invisible matter. With reference to SPARC data for flat rotation speeds and current cosmic maximum angular acceleration, galactic total mass can be estimated. Considering galactic total mass, galactic visible mass and dark mass can be estimated. Proceeding further, galactic working radii, angular velocity and visible matter density can be estimated. Estimated Milky Way’s effective radius is 293 kpc. Even though, this model is free from “big bang”, “inflation”, “dark energy”, “flatness” and “red shift” issues, at 2.722 K, estimated present Hubble parameter is 66.24 km/sec/Mpc, cosmic radius is 146.3 times of the Hubble radius, angular velocity is 146.3 times lower than the Hubble parameter and cosmic age is 146.3 times of the Hubble age. With future observations and advanced telescopes, it may be possible to see far distant galaxies and very old stars far beyond the current observable cosmic radius.

The study of fluorescence characteristics and biochemical composition of a marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana 3H in light and dark cyclesI. The effects of nutrients

The effects of nutrients on the fluorescence characteristics and biochemical composition of marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana 3H in light and dark cycles were investigated with continuous culture. The results show that with the increase of nutrient deficiency, the ratio of enhanced fluorescence to fluorescence (Fd/F), cellular chloropyll-a and protein content of the algae decline, but the fluorescence yield (F/Chl) , DCMU enhanced fluorescence yield (Fd/Chl) , cellular carbohydrate content, carbohydrate/Chl, protein/Chl, carbohydrate/protein increase. The changing amplitude of each parameter is different at different nutrition status, sampling time and different light intensity.

Collective behaviors of suprachiasm nucleus neurons under different light–dark cycles

The principal circadian clock in the suprachiasm nucleus （SCN） regulates the circadian rhythm of physiological and behavioral activities of mammals. Except for the normal function of the circadian rhythm, the ensemble of SCN neurons may show two collective behaviors, i.e., a free running period in the absence of a light-dark cycle and an entrainment ability to an external T cycle. Experiments show that both the free running periods and the entrainment ranges may vary from one species to another and can be seriously influenced by the coupling among the SCN neurons. We here review the recent progress on how the heterogeneous couplings influence these two collective behaviors. We will show that in the case of homogeneous coupling, the free running period increases monotonically while the entrainment range decreases monotonically with the increase of the coupling strength. While in the case of heterogenous coupling, the dispersion of the coupling strength plays a crucial role. It has been found that the free running period decreases with the increase of the dispersion while the entrainment ability is enhanced by the dispersion. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of the circadian clock in the SCN.

葡萄叶绿素荧光参数测量方法的优化与日变化特征分析

【目的】确定葡萄叶绿素荧光参数测量最适的暗适应时间、测量光强度,分析葡萄叶绿素荧光参数日变化特征并确定最适测量时间,提出优化测量方法的建议,为进一步研究葡萄光合特性提供理论依据,以提高研究数据的准确性和可靠性。【方法】选择阳光玫瑰葡萄和巨峰葡萄叶龄为40~50 d的健康成熟叶片,利用JIP测定(JIP-test)和主成分分析(PCA)研究葡萄叶片在不同暗适应时间(5、10、15、20、25、30、35和40 min)、不同测量光强度[500、1000、1500、2000、2500、3000和3500μmol/(m^(2)·s)]和一天中不同时间点(8:00、10:00、12:00、14:00、16:00、18:00和20:00)的快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学(OJIP)曲线特征,分析不同测量条件对葡萄叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响。【结果】暗适应时间和测量光强度均明显影响葡萄叶片叶绿素荧光参数,较长的暗适应时间和较高的测量光强度能获得更稳定和可靠的测量结果。OJIP曲线特征显示,在较短的暗适应时间(5~15 min)内,各暗适应时间与暗适应5 min间的特征区间(OJ相、JI相和IP相)相对可变荧光差值(ΔWOJ、ΔWJI和ΔWIP)曲线变化幅度较大,初始荧光(F_(o))、最大荧光(F_(m))和最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))等参数波动较大,当暗适应时间达30 min以上时,各参数再无显著变化(P>0.05,下同),趋于稳定。随着测量光强度的增加,F_(m)、F_(v)/F_(m)、OJIP曲线的初始斜率(M_o)和单位面积反应中心数量(RC/CSm)等参数呈上升趋势,各测量光强度与500μmol/(m^(2)·s)测量光强度间的ΔWOJ、ΔWJI和ΔWIP曲线呈正K峰、负H峰和正G峰,当光强度达3000μmol/(m^(2)·s)以上时,各参数均无显著变化。葡萄叶片的多数叶绿素荧光参数随着一天中时间点的推移而变化,光系统II(PSII)光化学效率在12:00之前较高,14:00时光化学效率下降,16:00之后PSII逐渐恢复至最佳状态。【结论】针对葡萄叶片进行OJIP曲线测定时,暗适应时间应为30 min以上,最小测量光强度为3000μmol/(m^(2)·s),测量时间宜选择在12:00之前和16:00之后,以确保结果的准确性和可靠性。

LEGAN:一种新的暗弱光照图像增强算法

针对暗弱光照图像所存在的亮度、对比度、信噪比低,以及噪声污染大等问题,提出了一种新的暗弱光照图像增强算法LEGAN。该算法将图像输入至所提伽马曲线估计网络求得包含伽马参数的特征图,再经过LEB模块增强亮度,并通过级联LEB的方式迭代增强结果。采用基于PatchGAN的全局-局部判别器结构来提高图像分辨率和恢复图像细节。通过引入感知损失来限制真实标签和输出结果之间的差距,利用照明平滑度损失保持相邻像素之间的单调性关系,同时结合空间一致性损失来增强图像的空间相关性。实验结果表明,相比于现今大多数主流增强算法,该算法的细节还原度相对较高,且能有效避免增强后的图像出现局部亮度不佳等问题。

日本暗夜星空保护制度的建设及其对我国的启示

暗夜星空保护制度是一项保护美丽星空环境、防治光污染的新兴法律制度。从20世纪80年代以来,日本逐步确立了暗夜星空保护制度,并通过出台政策文件明确了星空保护区设定、照明器具限制使用、费用补偿、行政调查措施等核心规则,有力地提升了暗夜星空保护力度。就我国而言,可以借鉴域外法治经验,依循从地方到中央的立法思路,由星空资源富集区进行先行立法,基于分类管理理念确立暗夜星空保护区设定规则,基于规范与惩治相结合原则完善暗夜星空管理制度。

基于改进暗通道先验的海上低照度图像增强算法

针对基于暗通道先验的低照度图像增强算法在处理极端海上低光环境下图像时会存在光晕效应、色彩失真的问题,提出了1种基于暗通道先验的自适应海上低照度图像增强算法。首先,通过选取图像类型划分指标,将数据集中的图像分类,并通过Otsu方法和图像直方图分布,获取图像的区域划分阈值,将图像进行划分得到局部区域图,分析各类图像的局部区域图之间的关系;最后,通过对不同的局部区域图采用不同的改进暗通道先验算法进行处理,将1个图像中的2个增强后局部区域图合并,得到整张图像的增强结果,并对增强后图像进行主客观的图像质量评价。实验结果表明,该算法解决了现有算法在处理极端海上低照度图像时存在光晕效应和色彩失真的问题,并使不同环境下的海上低照度图像都能达到较好的恢复效果。

4种混合光合厌氧产氢菌群的筛选及产氢性能研究

为实现可持续绿色能源目标,将来源广泛的生物质能源高效资源化,采用暗光混合发酵技术,从好氧污泥、厌氧污泥、湖泥、牛粪中富集了4种暗光混合菌群利用葡萄糖进行厌氧发酵制氢实验,并对发酵过程中微生物、产氢、生长、物质变化特性进行研究。16S rRNA高通量结果显示,4种菌群均是以红假单胞菌属(Rhodopseudomonas)为主的暗光混合菌群,菌群结构具有多样性,菌群之间差异明显。其中,牛粪混合菌群产氢性能最好,在30 mmol/L葡萄糖、35℃、5000 lux条件下,累积氢气产率为(633.93±4.87)mL/L,最大产氢速率为(8.55±0.31)mL/(L·h),能量转化率可达到9.22%,底物中7.32%的电子流向H_(2)。结果表明:暗光混合菌群能高效地利用底物进行厌氧发酵制氢。

近视前期的研究现状

近视导致的视觉损伤以及致盲已成为全球性负担,世界卫生组织已将近视的防控列入全球防盲计划中。我国近视发展呈现高发、低龄化、高度数化趋势,防控端口前移成为解决窘迫现状的重要策略。近视前期(premyopia)是指儿童的屈光度数≤+0.75 D和>-0.50 D的阶段,该阶段存在多种可能发展为近视的危险因素。目前近视前期的发生率和其转变为近视的概率居高,主要防控措施包括构建预测近视前期转变为近视的模型、强调减少危险因素暴露、使用低浓度阿托品滴眼液、红光治疗、光学离焦干预等。文章就近视前期的发生率及其转变为近视的概率现状以及现有防控措施的研究进展进行综述,以期为近视前期阶段防控近视提供参考。

基于不均匀光照校正和优化透射率的夜间去雾

针对夜间有雾天气场景下的光照不均匀、图像不清晰问题,提出了一种基于夜间不均匀光照校正和优化透射率的去雾算法。首先针对光照不均匀问题,使用基于伽马函数的图像自适应校正算法,消除不均匀光照对图像的影响;其次,由于夜间图像大部分颜色较暗,通过改进局部大气光获得大气光值;利用Sigmoid函数融合亮通道与暗通道得到粗透射率,经过联合双边滤波细化,再对光源处透射率进行优化,并使用伽马函数增强得到最终透射率;然后根据大气散射模型得到初步恢复图像;最后经过引导滤波细化,得到最终图像。实验结果表明所提算法在夜间场景中能有效去雾,且能较好的保持图像颜色对比度。