A Research on the State-owned Enterprise’s Anti-Corruption Risk Prevention Mechanism and Internal Control Construction

Since the commence of 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee represented by General Secretary Xi Jinping, has attached unprecedented importance to anti corruption construction and has strengthened the investigation degree on the disciplinary offence behaviors of the party member the leading cadres, which kills rampant misbehaviors around the people from the source. State-owned enterprises are the pillar of the national economy, which should respond to call of the country, in a bid to strengthen the construction of honest and integrity, prevent risks, and build a perfect internal control mechanism. Focusing on the state-owned enterprise’s anti-corruption risk prevention mechanism and internal control construction, this paper conducts a research aiming at starting a discussion.

Review of preventive and constructive measures for coal mine explosions:An Indian perspective

Firedamp and coal dust explosion constitute a lion’s share in mine accidents in a global mining scenario.This paper reports a list of mine explosion disasters since last two decades,a critical review of the different prevention and constructive measures,and its recent development to avoid firedamp and coal dust explosion.Preventive legislation in core coal-producing countries,viz.China,USA,Australia,South Africa,and India related to firedamp and coal dust explosion are critically analysed.Accidents occurred due to explosion after Nationalisation of Coal Mines(1973)in India are listed.Prevention and constructive measures adopted in India are critically analysed with respect to the global mining scenario.Measures like methane credit concept,classification of mines/seams with respect to explosion risk zone,deflagration index;installation of automatic fire warning devices,canopy air curtain technology,explosion-prevention measures,such as fire-retardant materials,inhibitors,extinguishing agent,dust suppressor,and active explosion barrier are discussed in detail to avoid explosion and thereby adhering to zero accident policy due to coal mine explosion.

Impact of Smoke-Free Legislation on Acute Myocardial Infarction and Subtypes of Stroke Incidence in Shenzhen,China,2012-2016:An Interrupted Time Series Analysis

Objective This study assesses the impact of smoke-free legislation on the incidence rate for acute myocardial infarction(AMI)and stroke in Shenzhen.Methods Data on ischemic(n=72,945)and hemorrhagic(n=18,659)stroke and AMI(n=17,431)incidence covering about 12 million people in Shenzhen from 2012 to 2016 were used.Immediate and gradual changes in incidence rates were analyzed using segmented Poisson regression.Results Following the smoke-free legislation,a 9%(95%CI:3%-15%)immediate reduction was observed in AMI incidence,especially in men(8%,95%CI:1%-14%)and in those aged 65 years and older(17%,95%CI:9%-25%).The gradual annual benefits were observed only in hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke incidence,with a 7%(95%CI:2%-11%)and 6%(95%CI:4%-8%)decrease per year,respectively.This health effect extended gradually to the 50-64 age group.In addition,neither the immediate nor gradual decrease in stroke and AMI incidence rates did not show statistical significance among the 35-49 age group(P>0.05).Conclusion Smoke-free legislation was enforced well in Shenzhen,which would generate good experiences for other cities to enact and enforce smoke-free laws.This study also provided more evidence of the health benefits of smoke-free laws on stroke and AMI.

Legislative Countermeasures for Preventing and Controlling Water Pollution in Water-deficient Regions

The shortage of water resources is severe in Beijing. The shortage of eco-environmental water and the sewage discharge over the environmental capacity are main bottlenecks that restrict the improvement of water environment. The reuse of wastewater could not only reduce the discharge of pollutants,but it could also increase the consumption of eco-environmental water. Therefore the reuse of wastewater is an important approach to improve the water environmental quality. Combined with the formulation process of Regulations of Beijing on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution,the current situations of prevention and control of water pollution in Beijing,the discharge of pollutant,water environmental quality,the population and economic development and water resources and so on were analyzed. And the bottlenecks that restricted the improvement of water environmental quality were found. And the necessity of solving the control of water pollution by reusing the wastewater and ensuring the consumption of eco-environmental water was analyzed from the perspective of the control of water pollution. And some legislative countermeasures were put forward,which provided new ideas for solving the problem of the prevention and control of water pollution and improving the water environmental quality. It was of important reference values for local governments（ especially water-deficient regions） to make relative polices or plans of water pollution control and water environmental protection.

邻里噪声污染防治立法现状及江苏省立法建议

社会生活噪声污染来源多、成因复杂、影响范围广,对公众健康危害大。产生社会生活噪声污染纠纷时,其法律主体复杂,涉及部门多,受影响群众覆盖范围广,是社会各界较为关注的噪声类型之一。邻里噪声是社会生活噪声的重要组成部分。介绍了法国、德国、美国等国家邻里噪声的立法现状,我国国家层面有关邻里噪声的法律规定,以及地方邻里噪声的立法实践;系统分析了江苏省邻里噪声扰民的主要类型、特点和污染防治的现状;针对性地提出了邻里噪声污染防治的立法建议,可为江苏省噪声污染防治立法提供参考。

刍议逃税罪“不予追究刑事责任”条款的修正

近年来,公众人物逃税的数额之多、影响之大,屡屡将《刑法》关于逃税罪“不予追究刑事责任”条款置于风口浪尖。逃税罪“不予追究刑事责任”条款是否合理,至今存在争议,主要体现为肯定论与否定论。从刑法法理角度来看,该条款的设立有违刑法体系化,偏离了对宽严相济刑事政策的正确理解,消解了刑法的一般预防功能;从司法实务和行政实践观察,该条款采取的行刑反转模式已经显现弊端,导致逃税罪实际处理模式不一、公安机关与税务机关查税权力混淆。当前,应基于风险社会背景下的积极预防性立法理念,对该条款进行完善和修正,将“不予追究刑事责任”改为“从轻、减轻刑事责任”,同时设置条款适用的数额上限。

How far have we come?Review of main public policies to reduce landslide impacts in Brazil

During the rainy season in Brazil,landslides can have catastrophic consequences,including loss of life,damage to urban infrastructure and significant economic impacts.Now,more than eight million people in Brazil live in disaster-prone areas.The objective of this article is to present a chronological review of the principal policies and programmes at the national,state,and municipal levels,with an emphasis on their key actions aimed at mitigating the impact of disasters related to natural hazards,particularly landslides.Our analysis was based on official records of public policies from the national,state,and municipal governments.The results show that several initiatives were initially developed at the local and regional level.However,it was not until the late 1980s that a comprehensive organisation of civil protection at the national level emerged as a response measure.It is possible to highlight three phases(understanding,coexistence,and prevention)of institutional action focused on risk management in the face of disasters.Despite the growing knowledge of risk scenarios,disasters continue to occur in Brazil on an annual basis,revealing several obstacles to reducing their impact,particularly given the social and economic disparities between Brazilian regions and the applicability of public policies that must overcome the limitations of each municipality.

犯罪附随后果的阶梯式划分——以刑法预防性立法的转向为契机

近年来,我国迎来了刑法预防性立法的重大转向。在此背景之下,降低刑罚强度的强烈诉求与犯罪附随后果的严厉性、预防型犯罪人的自我认同与社会公众认同之间均存在较为紧张的关系,而这也意味着犯罪附随后果的制度完善迎来新的“窗口期”。在现行犯罪附随后果制度中,存在限制内容缺乏比例性权衡、规范载体僭越法律保留原则等法治性缺失。其深层诱因在于,人们将犯罪人视为现代文明社会丑闻的刻板定格。应当以犯罪人概念的阶梯式划分为核心,促成犯罪附随后果的制度完善。基于人民民主专政的国家性质,应慎用终身性的犯罪附随后果,并构建前科消灭制度;基于犯罪人的人身危险性差异,可以合比例地设置限制内容。

餐饮场所污染防治地方立法解决途径

餐饮业的迅速发展,虽为周围居民提供生活上的便利,但其产生的油烟、污水、噪声等,也对保护生态环境的工作带来挑战。餐饮场所污染治理是各大城市生态环境和民众生活的难题,为促进油烟、污水等污染物达标排放,以地方立法形式解决餐饮污染防治问题有着诸多优势,但是也有相对难以解决的管理难点,因此在制定相应规定时应当重点考量。

整体系统观下应对气候变化立法的体系化构造

应对气候变化是人类面临的一项复杂系统性工程,运用立法手段应对气候变化是中国特色社会主义法治体系的时代使命。整体系统观作为一种政治提议,其理论内涵为实现应对气候变化立法从形式体系化走向实质体系化提供了基本方向。应对气候变化立法的实质体系化离不开“立法理念—法律框架—法律制度”的体系化建构。首先,在立法理念上要协同生态环境立法目标,构建应对气候变化立法目的的多元层次,增强其贯通性和适用性。其次,在法律框架上要打造应对气候变化基本法引领、关联法支撑、外围法保障的三维布局。最后,在法律制度上可以将应对气候变化法律制度类型化为风险预防、过程规制、损害救济三大模块。

日本护士医疗场所暴力防范的经验与启示

通过查阅、翻译日本护士医疗场所暴力防范的相关文献,简介日本护士防控医疗场所暴力的成效,从日本护士医疗场所暴力防范的工具、立法、培训等方面介绍日本护士医疗场所暴力的防范经验;并结合我国实际情况,从护士医疗场所暴力防范工具的引入、培训的强化等方面提出相应对策;以期为我国医疗场所暴力管理体系的完善提供参考,更好地保障护士的合法权益,以此防控医疗场所暴力的发生与演变。

水污染防治及对策研究

水污染是全球面临的重大环境问题之一,给人类健康和生态系统带来严重威胁。为了有效防治水污染,相关技术人员需要全面研究水污染的来源、影响和防治对策。水污染来源主要包括工业排放、农业活动、城市生活污水等,其影响涉及饮用水安全、生态系统破坏等方面。因此,对水污染防治策略的研究必须要综合考虑不同污染源的特点和行为规律,从而制定出相应的对策。

欧盟重金属污染防治制度研究

欧盟是一个由各成员国合作实施共同但又有差别化环境政策的区域,其重金属污染防治工作特色明显。总结分析了欧盟重金属污染防治的管理制度和相关经验,重点研究欧盟在水环境、大气环境、土壤环境以及固体废弃物等领域的重金属污染防治法律法规、标准体系,总结其经验,以期为中国重金属污染防治工作提供参考和借鉴。

《动物防疫法》配套规定制定情况研究

本文按照《立法法》新增要求,对现行《动物防疫法》及其配套规章进行了系统梳理,总结了其中授权国务院兽医主管部门规定的法律条文接口及完成情况,查找当前立法中存在的漏洞,提出了研究制定尚存空白的规定、完善现有的规定和研究修订《动物防疫法》等建议,以期为完善兽医法律体系提供参考。

美国的重金属污染防治制度探讨

美国历史上曾经遭受过包含重金属在内的严重的环境污染事件,在环境保护运动的推动下,美国相继颁布了一系列法规标准,如今已建成世界上最为先进和完善的重金属污染防治制度。系统梳理了美国在水环境、大气环境、土壤环境和固体废弃物等领域的重金属污染防治相关法律法规、标准体系,总结了美国重金属污染防治管理的主要做法和经验,以期为中国的重金属污染防治工作提供借鉴。

日本校园欺凌现状、防治经验与启示——以《校园欺凌防止对策推进法》为主视角

近年来,我国校园欺凌现象不断增多,并呈现行为暴力化、行为人低龄化、发生普遍化、后果严重化等特点,这符合世界范围内的校园欺凌发展的普遍态势和一般规律。正视校园欺凌发生原因的共性特质,通过认真考察和总结日本在校园欺凌方面已经积累的有益经验和实践做法,可以为我国防治校园欺凌提供诸多启示。日本制定专门法律《校园欺凌防止对策推进法》应对校园欺凌的做法取得了很好的实践效果。借鉴日本法制化治理校园欺凌问题的经验,我国应该加强校园欺凌数据统计工作,加强立法综合治理研究,推动反校园欺凌立法的进程。

刑事立法:在目的和手段之间——以《刑法修正案(九)》为中心

《刑法修正案(九)》在立法目的上重视刑法的秩序维持功能,在立法手段上重视预防型立法。这种立法目的和立法模式导致部分行为犯罪化过度,对某些犯罪类型,忽视了刑罚减免的积极意义。同时,这种预防型的立法对于以报应型立法发展起来的传统的刑法教义学的基础理论和具体解释论提出了新的课题,并在一定程度上导致刑法和刑法理论的二元化。

日本、韩国的土壤污染防治法及其对我国的借鉴

在东亚地区,日本、韩国的土壤污染防治立法最为活跃,先后制定了专门的土壤污染防治法及其配套法规。本文从立法背景、立法模式、主要内容及制度设置、土壤污染防治的管理体制等方面,对日本、韩国的土壤污染防治立法进行了比较分析。这些立法实践及其施行经验,对我国正在进行的土壤污染防治立法有实际借鉴意义。

我国生物安全立法现状与展望

生物安全是国家安全的组成部分。本文梳理了针对传染病、外来物种入侵、实验室生物安全、生物恐怖、生物技术谬用、特殊资源流失和突发生物安全事件等生物安全威胁防控相关的行政法规、刑法等法律法规,分析了生物安全立法工作中存在的问题和不足。在此基础上,从加强科普知识和法律法规的宣传普及、加强现行法律法规的执行力度、做好行政法规和刑法的衔接、建立健全生物安全法律法规体系等方面提出进一步完善我国生物安全立法工作的建议。

我国光污染立法现状及其防治措施

光污染是继废气、废水、废渣和噪声等污染之后的一种新的环境污染源,主要包括白亮污染、人工白昼污染和彩光污染。光污染正在威胁着人们的健康,并且危害程度有逐渐加剧的趋势。本文在分析光污染的内涵及其危害的基础上,阐述了我国光污染立法现状及其防治措施。