为探索虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)兼顾经济性与低碳性的竞价策略,从VPP作为价格制定者的角度提出一种计及碳交易与风险的VPP参与电能量市场和备用市场的主从博弈竞价模型。以含风电、光伏的VPP为研究对象,首先,采用基准线法为VP...为探索虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)兼顾经济性与低碳性的竞价策略,从VPP作为价格制定者的角度提出一种计及碳交易与风险的VPP参与电能量市场和备用市场的主从博弈竞价模型。以含风电、光伏的VPP为研究对象,首先,采用基准线法为VPP无偿分配碳排放配额,建立VPP的碳交易模型;之后建立了基于主从博弈理论的双层竞价模型,上层领导者为参与碳、电、备用市场的VPP运营商,下层跟随者为电力市场运营商;同时,运用条件风险值(conditional value at risk,CVaR)将上层问题转化为计及风险的多目标优化问题;最后采用遗传算法和求解器联合求解。算例表明该模型可以在多市场的环境下提供经济、低碳的竞价策略及不同市场的出力计划,并分析了不同市场类型、碳交易的加入、不同风险厌恶系数对VPP竞价结果的影响,为提高VPP运营商收益提供了新思路。展开更多
ACCORDING to a report in the Financial Times,European countries and enterprises that are teetering on the edge of a debt crisis are looking to China for investment.While the European debt crisis has eroded the value o...ACCORDING to a report in the Financial Times,European countries and enterprises that are teetering on the edge of a debt crisis are looking to China for investment.While the European debt crisis has eroded the value of the euro,falling asset prices have attracted the interest of foreign companies,including Chinese enterprises.Europe is in urgent need of foreign investment to remedy the economic downturn,and China is willing to lend a hand.Mushrooming展开更多
文摘为探索虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)兼顾经济性与低碳性的竞价策略,从VPP作为价格制定者的角度提出一种计及碳交易与风险的VPP参与电能量市场和备用市场的主从博弈竞价模型。以含风电、光伏的VPP为研究对象,首先,采用基准线法为VPP无偿分配碳排放配额,建立VPP的碳交易模型;之后建立了基于主从博弈理论的双层竞价模型,上层领导者为参与碳、电、备用市场的VPP运营商,下层跟随者为电力市场运营商;同时,运用条件风险值(conditional value at risk,CVaR)将上层问题转化为计及风险的多目标优化问题;最后采用遗传算法和求解器联合求解。算例表明该模型可以在多市场的环境下提供经济、低碳的竞价策略及不同市场的出力计划,并分析了不同市场类型、碳交易的加入、不同风险厌恶系数对VPP竞价结果的影响,为提高VPP运营商收益提供了新思路。
文摘ACCORDING to a report in the Financial Times,European countries and enterprises that are teetering on the edge of a debt crisis are looking to China for investment.While the European debt crisis has eroded the value of the euro,falling asset prices have attracted the interest of foreign companies,including Chinese enterprises.Europe is in urgent need of foreign investment to remedy the economic downturn,and China is willing to lend a hand.Mushrooming