Internal Spatial Differences in a Large Country: Consumer Price and Inequalities

Unbalanced price changes across regions cause consumption inequalities within a large country.With consumer demand system model,this paper estimated the dynamic changes of the true-cost-of-living index(TCLI)and consumption inequalities in China.Results indicate urban households experienced a rising TCLI from 2002 to 2014,among which,Liaoning increased the most and Guangdong the least.Beijing’s TCLI was the highest and Sichuan the lowest over the same period.Since 2008,the unbalanced rise of consumer price has gradually diminished,and gaps between real and nominal consumption inequalities have narrowed.However,real consumption inequalities continue to rise,and low-income groups are affected the most by inflation.

Effects of SBWP Jump-Dealing on China's Book Market from the Perspectives of Competition and Antimonopoly

With the rise of the Internet and E-commence,it has become common for consumers in the book,clothing,electronic appliances,furniture and cosmetic industries to engage in a phenomenon termed"store-browsing-web-purchasing"(SBWP).These are customers who tend to acquire service and information about particular products at traditional(brick and motar)retail stores but purchase them online at a lower price.This creates new issues and new perspectives to the science of law and economics.This paper addresses the issue of SBWP based on the industrial organization theory(especially the vertical dual-pricing system).It then endeavors to demonstrate the three"jump-dealing"theorems of SBWP from analyzing the business models,consumer purchasing patterns and price differences in distributing channels.Furthermore,we extrapolate the theory of jump-dealing and resale price maintenance(RPM)offsetting based on previous findings.The main conclusions are the following:if a company's RPM strategies substantially eliminate competition,then jump-dealing behavior from consumers shouM be encouraged.Conversely,if this jump-dealing behavior from consumers brings about anti-competition and free riding problems,then a company's RPM strategies should be exempted.

Primary Study of Power-Exchanging Trans- action Model Among Price-Varied Power Plants in Practical Conditions

At present, electricity price to grid of domestic power plants is priced by the national administration based on the policy of "one power plant with one electricity price to grid," which is difficult to realize real bidding for access to grid in practice in a short term. This paper presents one kind of power-exchanging transaction model among price-varied power plants, which will be beneficial to price-varied power plants without any loss of profits of them and guarantee state-owned assets profits in minimum loss with no promotion of average price limit by power plants. Under ideal conditions, the computation results showed the sufficiency and necessity of power-exchanging transaction and maximum similarity with the requirements of optimized resources disposition in economics. The presented model is shown to be full of practicability and has been used in some part of power market.

Study on the Optimal Localization Rate for Shipbuilding Industry in China

In China,the target setting on loading rate of domestic equipment for shipbuilding industry has not been studied from a perspective of an optimization problem.Based on the constant elasticity of substitution production function,a localization rate model for shipbuilding industry is established to investigate the government's trade-off between the interest of shipbuilding industry and that of ship supporting industry and to set the optimal localization rate.The results show that the market capacity has a significant effect on localization rate.In particular,when the market capacity is too small,the optimal localization rate is zero.When the market capacity is too large,the optimal localization rate is one.When the market capacity is in a certain range,a regular localization rate target exists.Moreover,the optimal localization rate could be affected by the technology gap and prices of domestic and foreign marine equipments.When the market capacity is large and the technology gap between domestic and foreign marine equipments is small,or the price of domestic equipment is too low,a higher localization rate target should be set.Finally,the substitutability of domestic and foreign equipments affects the optimal set of localization rate.If the substitutability of domestic and foreign equipments is too low,the improvement of localization rate caused by technological progress or price reduction of domestic equipment will be limited.This study provides several significant policy suggestions on dynamic adjustment of localization rate,classified implementation,and core technology mastering.