Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of primary liver cancer with integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is an important part of the treatment of primary liver cancer （PLC） in China; however, the current instructions for the integrative use of traditional Chinese and Western medicine for PLC are mostly based on expert opinion. There is no evidence-based guideline for clinical prac-tice in this field. Therefore, the Shanghai Association of Chinese Integrative Medicine has established a multidisciplinary working group to develop this guideline, which focuses on the most important questions about the use of TCM during PLC treatment. This guideline was developed following the method- ological process recommended by the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development. Two rounds of questionnaire survey were performed to identify clinical questions; published evidence was searched; the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to evaluate the body of evidence; and recommendations were formulated by combining the quality of evidence, patient preferences and values, and other risk factors. The guideline was written based on the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare tool. This guideline contains 10 recommendations related to 8 questions, including recommendations for early treatment by TCM after surgery, TCM combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for advanced PLC, TCM drugs for external use, and acupuncture and moxibustion therapy.

Clinical Practice Guideline of Traditional Medicine for Primary Osteoporosis

BACKGROUND Primary osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue,leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk. Primary osteoporosis is particularly common in senile persons and in postmenopausal women.It ranks the fifth of diseases in the modern society.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary healthcare institutions in China: Challenges and solutions

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a preventable and treatable condition characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation.It usually results from airway and/or alveolar abnormalities caused by exposure to noxious particles or gases.1 The burden of respiratory diseases,most commonly COPD,ranks third among all systemic diseases in China.2 In the latest epidemiological survey,the prevalence rate of COPD in rural areas was significantly higher than that in urban areas(9.6%vs.7.4%).3 Furthermore,most patients with COPD first visit primary healthcare institutions.However,the overall prevention and treatment standard for COPD at the primary level in China is not promising.4,5,6 This study aimed to introduce and present challenges in the prevention and treatment of COPD based on the relevant literature to improve the knowledge of and attention on healthcare-related treatment and prevention for COPD.