Publication trends of primary angle-closure disease during 1991-2022:a bibliometric analysis

AIM:To perform a bibliometric analysis in the field of primary angle-closure disease(PACD)research to characterize current global trends and compare contributions from different countries,institutions,journals,and authors.METHODS:All PACD-related publications from 1991 to 2022 from the Web of Science Core Collection database were extracted.Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer were used to collect publication data,analyze publication trends,and visualize relevant results.RESULTS:A total of 1721 publications with 34591 citations were identified.China produced the most publications(554)while ranking third in citations(8220 times).The United States contributed the most citations(12315 times)with publications(362)ranking second.The Investigative Ophthalmology Visual Science was the most productive journal concerning PACD,and Aung Tin was the author with the highest number of publications in the field.Keywords were classified into three clusters,epidemiology and pathogenesis research,optical coherence tomography(OCT)and other imaging examinations,and glaucoma surgery treatment.Genome-wide association,susceptibility loci,OCT,and combined phacoemulsification have become new hot research topics in recent years since 2015.CONCLUSION:China,the United States,and Singapore make the most outstanding contributions in the field of PACD research.OCT,combined phacoemulsification,and gene mutation-related study,are considered the potential focus for future research.

Examining the Burden Reduction Policy for Primary and Secondary School Teachers in China:A Framework Analysis Centered on the Rational Selection of Institutional Doctrine

The“burden reduction”policy aims to reduce the workload of primary and secondary school teachers to alleviate their burdens.While it has improved the quality of teachers,implementation challenges still exist.This study utilizes rational choice institutionalism and Ostrom’s institutional analysis and development framework to examine the policy.By considering the preferences of the Ministry of Education,local governments,schools,and teachers,it explores interactions and outcomes,identifies challenges,and provides policy suggestions.

Primary Speciation Analysis on 6 Kinds of Microelements in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.

[Objective]The aim was to analyze the primary speciation of 6 microelements in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. and provide theoretical basis for explaining pharmacodynamic principle of liquorice and discussing quality control of liquorice planting. [Method]The 6 elements Cu,Zn,Ca,Fe,Mg and Mn in roots of G.uralensis were extracted based on traditional decoction method and were separated into water-soluble state and suspension state by micro porous filtering film. The elements in water-soluble state were detected by flame atomic adsorption spectrophotometry （FAAS）. [Result]The results showed that extractive rates of the elements were in the range of 1.71%-60.06%,and immerse-residue ratio in 0.018 3-1.682 0; the results also indicated that the immerse-residue ratio of Zn was biggest （1.68）,Zn played an important medical role and might be considered as the best characteristic element in G.uralensis; the recoveries of the elements were ranged from 95.72% to 103.15% and relative standard deviations （RSD） were less than 2.38%. [Conclusion]Because of its high accuracy,FAAS method is feasible for analyzing primary speciation of microelements in G.uralensis.

Differential Diagnostic Value of Texture Feature Analysis of Magnetic Resonance T2 Weighted Imaging between Glioblastoma and Primary Central Neural System Lymphoma

Objective To investigate the difference in tumor conventional imaging findings and texture features on T2 weighted images between glioblastoma and primary central neural system(CNS) lymphoma. Methods The pre-operative MRI data of 81 patients with glioblastoma and 28 patients with primary CNS lymphoma admitted to the Chinese PLA General Hospital and Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital were retrospectively collected. All patients underwent plain MR imaging and enhanced T1 weighted imaging to visualize imaging features of lesions. Texture analysis of T2 weighted imaging(T2 WI) was performed by use of GLCM texture plugin of ImageJ software, and the texture parameters including Angular Second Moment(ASM), Contrast, Correlation, Inverse Difference Moment(IDM), and Entropy were measured. Independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed for the between-group comparisons, regression model was established by Binary Logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was plotted to compare the diagnostic efficacy. Results The conventional imaging features including cystic and necrosis changes(P = 0.000), ‘Rosette' changes(P = 0.000) and ‘incision sign'(P = 0.000), except ‘flame-like edema'(P = 0.635), presented significantly statistical difference between glioblastoma and primary CNS lymphoma. The texture features, ASM, Contrast, Correlation, IDM and Entropy, showed significant differences between glioblastoma and primary CNS lympoma(P = 0.006,0.000, 0.002, 0.000, and 0.015 respectively). The area under the ROC curve was 0.671, 0.752, 0.695, 0.720 and 0.646 respectively, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.917 for the combined texture variables(Contrast, cystic and necrosis, ‘Rosette' changes, and ‘incision sign') in the model of Logistic regression. Binary Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that cystic and necrosis changes, ‘Rosette' changes and ‘incision sign' and texture Contrast could be considered as the specific texture variables for the differential diagnosis of glioblastoma and primary CNS lymphoma. Conclusion The texture features of T2 WI and conventional imaging findings may be used to distinguish glioblastoma from primary CNS lymphoma.

Nonlinear primary resonance analysis for a coupled thermo-piezoelectric-mechanical model of piezoelectric rectangular thin plates

A model of piezoelectric rectangular thin plates with the consideration of the coupled thermo-piezoelectric-mechanical effect is established. Based on the von Kar- man large deflection theory, the nonlinear vibration governing equation is obtained by using Hamilton’s principle and the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The harmonic balance method (HBM) is used to analyze the first-order approximate response and obtain the frequency response function. The system shows non-linear phenomena such as hardening nonlinear- ity, multiple coexistence solutions, and jumps. The effects of the temperature difference, the damping coefficient, the plate thickness, the excited charge, and the mode on the pri- mary resonance response are theoretically analyzed. With the increase in the temperature difference, the corresponding frequency jumping increases, while the resonant amplitude decreases gradually. Finally, numerical verifications are carried out by the Runge-Kutta method, and the results agree very well with the theoretical results.

Primary resonance of multiple degree-of-freedom dynamic systems with strong non-linearity using the homotopy analysis method

A homotopy analysis method（HAM）is presented for the primary resonance of multiple degree-of-freedom systems with strong non-linearity excited by harmonic forces.The validity of the HAM is independent of the existence of small parameters in the considered equation.The HAM provides a simple way to adjust and control the convergence region of the series solution by means of an auxiliary parameter.Two examples are presented to show that the HAM solutions agree well with the results of the modified Linstedt-Poincar＇e method and the incremental harmonic balance method.

Nomogram predicting the prognosis of primary liver cancer after radiofrequency ablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

BACKGROUND The incidence and mortality rates of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are high,and the conventional treatment is radiofrequency ablation(RFA)with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE);however,the 3-year survival rate is still low.Further,there are no visual methods to effectively predict their prognosis.AIM To explore the factors influencing the prognosis of HCC after RFA and TACE and develop a nomogram prediction model.METHODS Clinical and follow-up information of 150 patients with HCC treated using RFA and TACE in the Hangzhou Linping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2020 to December 2022 was retrospectively collected and recorded.We examined their prognostic factors using multivariate logistic regression and created a nomogram prognosis prediction model using the R software(version 4.1.2).Internal verification was performed using the bootstrapping technique.The prognostic efficacy of the nomogram prediction model was evaluated using the concordance index(CI),calibration curve,and receiver operating characteristic RESULTS Of the 150 patients treated with RFA and TACE,92(61.33%)developed recurrence and metastasis.Logistic regression analysis identified six variables,and a predictive model was created.The internal validation results of the model showed a CI of 0.882.The correction curve trend of the prognosis prediction model was always near the diagonal,and the mean absolute error before and after internal validation was 0.021.The area under the curve of the prediction model after internal verification was 0.882[95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.820-0.945],with a specificity of 0.828 and sensitivity of 0.656.According to the Hosmer-Lemeshow test,χ^(2)=3.552 and P=0.895.The predictive model demonstrated a satisfactory calibration,and the decision curve analysis demonstrated its clinical applicability.CONCLUSION The prognosis of patients with HCC after RFA and TACE is affected by several factors.The developed prediction model based on the influencing parameters shows a good prognosis predictive efficacy.

Various approaches of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration plus primary duct closure for choledocholithiasis:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background： Common bile duct （CBD） stones may occur in up to 3%–14.7% of all patients with cholecystectomy.Various approaches of laparoscopic CBD exploration plus primary duct closure （PDC） are the most commonly used and the best methods to treat CBD stone. This systematic review was to comparethe effectiveness and safety of the various approaches of laparoscopic CBD exploration plus PDC forcholedocholithiasis

Primary Tracheobronchial Amyloidosis in China:Analysis of 64 Cases and A Review of Literature

Primary tracheobronchial amyloidosis (TBA) is a rare pulmonary disease.A systematic review was performed on 64 cases of primary TBA in China and progress in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease is discussed.The Chinese biological and medical databases from 1970 to 2010 were searched and 75 cases of complete clinical and pathological data were identified.The clinical characteristics of the disease were summarized and longitudinal comparisons were made of diagnostic and treatment methods over time.The results showed that the morbidity associated with primary TBA has increased over recent years.The clinical manifestations were non-specific.Progressive dyspnea, cough and sputum were the most common symptoms.The percentage of patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) scan has increased over the years.The bronchoscopy and transbrochial lung biopsy (TBLB) were usually sufficient to establish the diagnosis.Treatment was reported for a total of 44 cases.Bronchoscopic Nd:YAG laser irradiation, argon plasma coagulation (APC) and drugs administration such as steroids and colchicines were reported to be effective in some patients.It is concluded that the demographic characteristics and clinical manifestations of primary TBA patients in China are largely consistent with findings reported in other countries.Dramatically more cases were reported in recent years, mainly due to the extensive application of bronchoscopy since 1990s.Chest CT scan provides important clues for the diagnosis of the disease.The definite diagnosis was confirmed by bronchoscopic findings and Congo red staining of biopsy specimen.Bronchoscopic Nd:YAG laser irradiation, argon plasma coagulation (APC) and drugs administration, such as steroids and colchicines were reported to be effective in some patients.

Analysis of the present situation and influencing factors of self-perceived burden in primary glaucoma patients

Objective:To explore the status of self-perceived burden(SPB)in primary glaucoma patients and to analyze its influencing factors.Subject and setting:A questionnaire survey was administered to 236 inpatients from a tertiary general hospital and a eye hospital in Tianjin.The investigation was conducted after obtaining informed consent from each participant.Instruments:They were investigated using general data questionnaire,Self-Perceived Burden Scale(SPBS),Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire(MCMQ).Design:A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to gather data in this study.Results:The total SPBS score of primary glaucoma patients was(31.10±9.34)was medium.Regression consults showed that avoidance and surrender coping style,medical burden and right eye vision were the influencing factors of patients’SPB(P<0.05).Conclusion:Patients with primary glaucoma have a relatively heavy SPB,so medical staff should encourage them to actively face it.Tailored strategies in line with the patient’s economic and visual conditions to reduce the SPB.

Surgical treatment for primary angle closure-glaucoma: a Meta analysis

AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy, phacotrabeculectomy plus intraocular lens implantation (phacotrab+IOL group) and phacoemulsification with IOL (phaco+IOL) in primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG). METHODS: It was a systematic review and meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials(RCT) and clinical controlled trials (CCT) were collected through electronic searches of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, Wanfang Database online, Chinese journal Full-text Database, Chinese Scientific Journals Full-text Database (from the date of building the database to October 2010) We also checked the bibliographies of retrieved articles. M the related data that matched our standards were abstracted. The quality of included trials was evaluated according to the Dutch Cochrane Centre. Rev Man 5.0 software was used for Meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 5 RCT and 11 CCT involving 1495 eyes were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that phacotrab+IOL group was superior than trabeculectomy(trab group) (MD -3.93,95% CI [-7.31, -0.54]) which was also superior than phaco+IOL group(MD 0.52,95%CI [0.10, 0.95]) in decreasing Intraocular Pressure(IOP). Phacotrab group(MD -1.45,95%CI [-1.68, -1.22])and phaco group (MD-1.12,95% CI [-1.87, -0.37])are both deeper than trab group in the anterior chamber depth. In increasing the coefficient of outflow facility of aqueous humor (C values) there was no statistical difference in the three groups. And there was no statistical difference between phacotrab groups and phaco groups in visual acuity but phacotrab group was superior than phaco group (MD 1.07, 95% CI [0.73, 1.40])in the use of IOP-lowering drugs. There was no statistical difference among three groups. CONCLUSION: Current evidence suggests that phacotrab+IOL group was superior than tab group which was also superior than phaco+IOL group in decreasing IOP. Phacotrab group and phaco group are both deeper than trab group in the anterior chamber depth. Phacotrab group was superior than phaco group in the use of IOP-lowering drugs.

Functional investigation and two-sample Mendelian randomization study of primary biliary cholangitis hub genes

BACKGROUND The identification of specific gene expression patterns is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)and finding relevant biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation.AIM To determine PBC-associated hub genes and assess their clinical utility for disease prediction.METHODS PBC expression data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.Overlapping genes from differential expression analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)were identified as key genes for PBC.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses were performed to explore the potential roles of key genes.Hub genes were identified in protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks using the Degree algorithm in Cytoscape software.The relationship between hub genes and immune cells was investigated.Finally,a Mendelian randomization study was conducted to determine the causal effects of hub genes on PBC.RESULTS We identified 71 overlapping key genes using differential expression analysis and WGCNA.These genes were primarily enriched in pathways related to cytokinecytokine receptor interaction,and Th1,Th2,and Th17 cell differentiation.We utilized Cytoscape software and identified five hub genes(CD247,IL10,CCL5,CCL3,and STAT3)in PPI networks.These hub genes showed a strong correlation with immune cell infiltration in PBC.However,inverse variance weighting analysis did not indicate the causal effects of hub genes on PBC risk.CONCLUSION Hub genes can potentially serve as valuable biomarkers for PBC prediction and treatment,thereby offering significant clinical utility.

Thermal analysis and tests of W/Cu brazing for primary collimator scraper in CSNS/RCS

To the transverse beam collimation system in a rapid cycling synchrotron,an important component is the primary collimator,which improves emittance of the beam halo particles such that the particles outside the predefined trajectory can be absorbed by the secondary collimators.Given the material properties and power deposition distribution,the beam scraper of the primary collimator is a0.17 mm tungsten foil on a double face-wedged copper block of 121.5 mm x 20 mm.The heat is transferred to the outside by a φ34 mm copper rod.In this paper,for minimizing brazing thermal stress,we report our theoretical analysis and tests on brazing the tungsten and copper materials which differ greatly in size.We show that the thermal stress effect can be controlled effectively by creating stress relief grooves on the copper block and inserting a tungsten transition layer into the copper block.This innovation contributes to the successful R&D of the primary collimator.And this study may be of help for working out a brazing plan of similar structures.

Design and Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Silicon Carbide Primary Mirror Assembly

Based on the principle that the thermal expansion coefficient of the support structure should match that of the mirror, three schemes of primary mirror assembly were designed. Of them, the first is fused silica mirror plus 4J32 flexible support plus ZTC4 support back plate, the second K9 mirror plus 4J45 flexible support plus ZTC4 support back plate, and the third SiC mirror plus SiC rigid support back plate. A coupled thermo-mechanical analysis of the three primary mirror assemblies was made with finite element method. The results show that the SiC assembly is the best of all schemes in terms of their combination properties due to its elimination of the thermal expansion mismatch between the materials. The analytical results on the cryogenic property of the SiC primary mirror assembly show a higher surface finish of the SiC mirror even under the cryogenic condition.

Phacoemulsification versus combined phacotrabeculectomy in the treatment of primary angle-closure glaucoma with cataract: a Meta-analysis

AIM： To compare the efficacy and safety of phacoemulsification（Phaco） against combined phacotrabeculectomy（Phacotrabe） in primary angle-closure glaucoma（PACG） with coexisting cataract.·METHODS： By searching electronically the Pub Med,EMBASE, Scientific Citation Index and Cochrane Library published up from inception to January 2014, all randomized controlled trials that matched the predefined criteria were included. The quality of included trials was evaluated according to the guidelines developed by the cochrane collaboration. And the outcomes estimating efficacy and safety of two different surgical treatments were measured and synthesised by Rev Man 5.0.· RESULTS： Five randomized controlled trials were selected and included in Meta-analysis with a total of468 patients（468 eyes） with both PACG and cataract. We found that Phacotrabe had a greater intraocular pressure（IOP） lowing effect [preoperative IOP： weighted mean difference（WMD）=0.58, 95% confidence intervals（95% CI,-0.53 to 1.69）, P =0.31; postoperative IOP： WMD =1.37,95% CI（0.45 to 2.28）, P =0.003], a lower number of antiglaucoma medications [risk ratio（RR）=0.05, 95% CI（0.02 to 0.18）, P 〈0.00001] needed postoperatively and less serious damage of optic nerve [RR =0.48, 95% CI（0.21 to 1.07）, P =0.07], but a higher risk of complications[odds ratio（OR）=0.04, 95% CI（0.01 to 0.16）, P 〈0.00001]compared with Phaco. The rest studies indicated that there had no significantly difference between the two surgical methods for postoperative best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA） [WMD =-0.05, 95% CI（-0.14 to 0.05）, P =0.32] and loss of visual field [RR=1.06, 95% CI（0.61 to1.83）, P =0.83].·CONCLUSION： Phaco alone compared with Phacotrabe had a better effect in IOP reduction, whereas the securitydecline. Considering the number of sample size, our results remains to be further studied.

Primary component analysis method and reduction of seismicity parameters

In the paper, the primary component analysis is made using 8 seismicity parameters of earthquake frequency N (ML≥3.0), b-value, η-value, A(b)-value, Mf-value, Ac-value, C-value and D-value that reflect the characteristics of magnitude, time and space distribution of seismicity from different respects. By using the primary component analysis method, the synthesis parameter W reflecting the anomalous features of earthquake magnitude, time and space distribution can be gained. Generally, there is some relativity among the 8 parameters, but their variations are different in different periods. The earthquake prediction based on these parameters is not very well. However, the synthesis parameter W showed obvious anomalies before 13 earthquakes (MS≥5.8) occurred in North China, which indicates that the synthesis parameter W can reflect the anomalous characteristics of magnitude, time and space distribution of seismicity better. Other problems related to the conclusions drawn by the primary component analysis method are also discussed.

Effect of Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation and Surgical Resection on Treating of Primary Small Liver Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Objective:To analyze the clinical effect of primary small liver cancer under radiofrequency ablation(RFA)and surgical resection(SR)treatment,and to explore the best application timing of the two treatment methods.Methods:Randomly controlled clinical trials(RCT)of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and surgical resection for the treatment of small liver cancer in various databases were searched according to the established search strategy,and Meta data was analyzed based on RevMan5.3 software provided by Cochrane collaborative organization.Results:A total of 10 articles were included in this study,including 1396 patients,699 in the RFA group and 697 in the SR group.Meta-analysis results showed that the two groups had no statistical difference in overall survival rate at 1 and 3 years,1-year disease-free survival rate,and 1-year recurrence rate(P>0.05).The 3-year disease-free survival rate of the RFA group was lower than that of the SR group,and the 3-year recurrence rate was higher than that of the SR group.The higher postoperative complication rate tended to the SR group,and the differences were statistically significant.(P<0.05).Conclusion:For short-term efficacy,radiofrequency ablation and surgical resection show consistency;for long-term efficacy,surgical resection is more effective.

Research on the Geological Sourcing of Raohe Honey by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry with Primary Composite Analysis and Forecasting Models

Raohe honey (Honey in Raohe) is the only product which has obtained China’s national geographical mark for honey;however, it is always counterfeited by some producers due to its excellent quality. In this research, Raohe honey was identified by geographical sourcing, where the detection on 166 Raohe honey samples and 31 non-Raohe honey samples was conducted with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Additionally, the method of Primary Composite Analysis accomplished dimensionality reduction by transforming the abundance ratios variables of 13 isotopes to 4 primary composites, and could explain 91.17% of the total variables. There were five models: Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, Neural Network, Partial Least Square Discriminate and Support Vector Machine, built on the four new variables of primary composites with the Agilent MPP Software. The validation of the models was performed with 11 Raohe honey samples and 5 non-Raohe honey samples randomly selected. The accuracies of the Decision Tree and Support Vector Machine models were both 93.97%, and those of the Naive Bayes and Neural Network models were both 87.5%, while the contribution rate of the Partial Least Square Discriminate model was only 75%. It was concluded that the Decision Tree and Support Vector Machine models could be used for indentifying Raohe honey, and the Naive Bayes and Neural Network models could work as references, while the Partial Least Square Discriminate model was not suitable for identifying Raohe honey.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis-guided fluid management promotes primary fascial closure after open abdomen:a randomized controlled trial

Background:Fluid overload(FO)after resuscitation is frequent and contributes to adverse outcomes among postinjury open abdomen(OA)patients.Bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)is a promising tool for monitoring fluid status and FO.Therefore,we sought to investigate the efficacy of BIA-directed fluid resuscitation among OA patients.Methods:A pragmatic,prospective,randomized,observer-blind,single-center trial was performed for all trauma patients requiring OA between January 2013 and December 2017 to a national referral center.A total of 140 postinjury OA patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a BIA-directed fluid resuscitation(defined as BIA)protocol that included fluid administration with monitoring of hemodynamic parameters and different degrees of interventions to achieve a negative fluid balance targeting the hydration level(HL)measured by BIA or a traditional fluid resuscitation(TRD)in which clinicians determined the fluid resuscitation regimen according to traditional parameters during 30 d of intensive care unit(ICU)management.The primary outcome was the 30-day primary fascial closure(PFC)rate.The secondary outcomes included the time to PFC,postoperative 7-day cumulative fluid balance(CFB)and adverse events within 30 d after OA.The Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test were utilized for PFC after OA.A generalized linear regression model for the time to PFC and CFB was built.Results:A total of 134 patients completed the trial(BIA,n=66;TRD,n=68).The BIA patients were significantly more likely to achieve PFC than the TRD patients(83.33%vs.55.88%,P<0.001).In the BIA group,the time to PFC occurred earlier than that of the TRD group by an average of 3.66 d(P<0.001).Additionally,the BIA group showed a lower postoperative 7-day CFB by an average of 6632.80 ml(P<0.001)and fewer complications.Conclusions:Among postinjury OA patients in the ICU,the use of BIA-guided fluid resuscitation resulted in a higher PFC rate and fewer severe complications than the traditional fluid resuscitation strategy.

Fixed combination of latanoprost and timolol vs the individual components for primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension:a systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM:To assess the effects of the fixed combination of0.005% latanoprost and 0.5% timolol(FCLT) vs their individual components for primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) and ocular hypertension(OHT).· METHODS:After searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and SCI, all randomized controlled clinical trials(RCTs) and cross-over studies were included. The control groups were the monotherapy or the concomitant therapy of latanoprost and timolol. The outcomes were visual field defect, optic atrophy, mean intraocular pressure(IOP) and IOP fluctuation. The analysis was carried out in RevMan version 5.1 software.RESULTS:Thepost-interventionmeanIOPofFCLTwas significantly lower compared to timolol [mean difference(MD)-2.92, 95%CI-3.28 to-2.55, P 【0.00001] and latanoprost(MD-1.11, 95%CI-1.51 to-0.72, P 【0.00001). The postintervention IOP fluctuation was also significantly lower compared to timolol(MD-0.88, 95%CI-1.23 to-0.53, P 【0. 00001) and latanoprost( MD- 0. 63, 95 % CI- 1. 04to-0.22, P =0.002). The mean IOP was higher in FCLT morning dose group than the one in unfixed combination of 0.005% latanoprost and 0.5% timolol(UFCLT)(MD1.10, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.39, P 【0.00001). Otherwise, there was no difference between FCLT evening dose group and UFCLT(MD 0.34, 95% CI-0.01 to 0.69, P =0.06).There was no statistical difference for the incidence ofvisual field defect and optic atrophy between FCLT and the monotherapy of components.CONCLUSION:A better IOP lowering effect has been demonstrated for FCLT compared to the monotherapy of components. The IOP lowering effect was worse for FCLT morning dose and almost same for FCLT evening dose compared to the UFCLT. We need more long-term high quality RCTs to demonstrate the outcomes of visual field defect and optic atrophy.visual field defect and optic atrophy between FCLT and the monotherapy of components.CONCLUSION:A better IOP lowering effect has been demonstrated for FCLT compared to the monotherapy of components. The IOP lowering effect was worse for FCLT morning dose and almost same for FCLT evening dose compared to the UFCLT. We need more long-term high quality RCTs to demonstrate the outcomes of visual field defect and optic atrophy.