Effect of primary iris and ciliary body cyst on anterior chamber angle in patients with shallow anterior chamber

Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of primary iris and/or ciliary body cysts in eyes with shallow anterior chamber and their effect on the narrowing of the anterior chamber angle.Methods:Among the general physical check-up population,subjects with shallow anterior chambers,as judged by van Herick technique,were recruited for further investigation.Ultrasound biomicroscope(UBM) was used to detect and measure the cysts located in the iris and/or ciliary body,the anterior chamber depth(ACD),the angle opening distance at 500 μm(AOD500),and the trabecular-iris angle(TIA).A-scan ultrasonography was used to measure the ocular biometry,including lens thickness,axial length,lens/axial length factor(LAF),and relative lens position(RLP).The effect of the cyst on narrowing the corresponding anterior chamber angle and the entire angle was evaluated by the UBM images,ocular biometry,and gonioscopic grading.The eye with unilateral cyst was compared with the eye without the cyst for further analysis.Results:Among the 727 subjects with shallow anterior chamber,primary iris and ciliary body cysts were detected in 250(34.4%) patients;among them 96(38.4%) patients showed unilateral single cyst,21(8.4%) patients had unilateral double cysts,and 42(16.8%) patients manifested unilateral multiple and multi-quadrants cysts.Plateau iris configuration was found in 140 of 361(38.8%) eyes with cysts.The mean size of total cysts was(0.6547±0.2319) mm.In evaluation of the effect of the cyst size and location on narrowing the corresponding angle to their position,the proportion of the cysts causing corresponding angle narrowing or closure among the cysts larger than 0.8 mm(113/121,93.4%) was found to be significantly higher than that of the cysts smaller than 0.8 mm(373/801,46.6%),and a significant higher proportion was also found in the cysts located at iridociliary sulcus(354/437,81.0%) than in that at the pars plicata(131/484,27.1%).In evaluating the effect of the cyst on the entire anterior chamber angle,the eyes with multiple and multi-quadrants cysts manifested significant narrowing of the entire anterior chamber angle as compared with the eyes without cysts,based on the data analysis in comparison of TIA,AOD500,and gonioscopic grading evaluation.The unilateral single or double cysts in the eyes had no significant effect on narrowing of anterior chamber angle as compared with eyes without cysts.The iris and/or ciliary body cysts did not seem to affect the axial length,ACD,lens thickness,RLP,LAF.Conclusions:The prevalence of primary iris and ciliary body cyst was 34.4% in the subjects with shallow anterior chamber.The cysts larger than 0.8 mm,locating at iridociliary sulcus,or multiple and extensive cysts were inclined to cause the angle narrowing or closure.

原发性闭角型青光眼发病因素的再认识

原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)目前仍是我国常见的致盲眼病之一,因为其视力丧失的不可逆性,所以早期影响青光眼发生和发展的因素倍受关注。人们对浅前房、短眼轴、厚虹膜及大而前置的晶状体等高危眼前节静态解剖结构的认识并不能完全解释PACG转化的过程,所以要进一步考虑眼部结构动态改变在青光眼发生和发展中的具体作用。本文阐述了正常人和PACG患者虹膜体积和弹性的动态变化过程,晶状体在眼球发育过程中与眼球内结构的不协调性,睫状体、玻璃体和脉络膜发生的动态阻滞与扩张,以及眼部神经和血管系统异常调节及变化与PACG发病之间关系的最新研究,以期为深刻认识PACG的发病机制、临床的精准诊断和治疗策略的制定提供指导。

合并虹膜睫状体囊肿的闭角型青光眼发病因素探讨

目的探讨合并虹膜睫状体囊肿的闭角型青光眼相关发病因素。方法收集有虹膜睫状体囊肿的闭角型青光眼患者35例作为青光眼组,以囊肿合并单纯白内障患者59例作为白内障组,均行UBM及A超检查。结果 94位受检者共检出囊肿202个,青光眼组检出多发性囊肿比例高(61.9%),且多见于颞下象限的虹膜睫状沟和睫状冠。青光眼组囊肿平均大小为(0.5920±0.1151)mm,中央前房深度为(2.267±0.123)mm,平均眼轴长度(23.27±0.85)mm;白内障组分别为(0.4661±0.0946)mm、(2.560±0.214)mm、(24.34±0.42)mm,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论较大、多发的囊肿是公认的合并虹膜睫状体囊肿的闭角型青光眼患者发病因素,但是浅前房、小眼球等闭角型青光眼的原发因素也参与了此类闭角型青光眼患者的发病。

原发性虹膜睫状体囊肿研究进展

原发性虹膜睫状体囊肿好发于虹膜睫状沟和睫状冠,常规眼科检查不易发现。随着超声生物显微镜(UBM)在眼科临床的应用,发现其在人群中的发病率远高于之前的报道,亦有报道认为囊肿可诱发闭角型青光眼。UBM检查在其发现和诊断中起着重要作用,且有助于判断囊肿对房角形态的影响,但该囊肿与青光眼、浅前房的关系,尚无相关的研究报道。关于该囊肿的分类、名称目前尚无统一的标准。就原发性虹膜睫状体囊肿的流行病学、组织病理学、UBM检查、并发症、诊断和治疗等做一综述,并提出关于原发性虹膜睫状体囊肿的新的分类法。

原发性虹膜睫状体囊肿与前房角变化对应关系的研究

目的探讨原发性虹膜睫状体囊肿的大小、分布特征及其与相应部位前房角变化的关系。方法横断面观察性病例研究。在本院眼科行常规体检的人群中，若发现浅前房，进一步行UBM检查。对UBM检查中发现有虹膜睫状体囊肿的患者，记录其囊肿数量、大小、眼别、部位和象限，比较U13M图像上囊肿所在部位的前房角形态与非囊肿部位的前房角形态，观察并记录前房角是否变窄或关闭，分析囊肿导致相应前房角变窄或关闭的相关因素。分别采用t检验、Х^2检验和直线相关分析对数据进行统计。结果在457例受检者（914只眼）中，发现有囊肿的患者134例（200只眼），占被检人数的29．32％，均为原发性虹膜睫状体囊肿。共检出囊肿502个，其中41．24％（207／502）位于虹膜睫状沟，58．37％（293／502）位于睫状冠；44．22％（222／502）位于颞下象限，26．88％（135／502）位于鼻下象限，23．11％（116／502）位于颡上象限，5．38％（27／502）位于鼻上象限。囊肿的平均大小为（0．6289±0．2329）mm，中囊肿占86．05％（432／502）。虹膜睫状沟囊肿导致相应部位前房角变窄或关闭的发生率为82．13％（170／207），睫状冠囊肿导致相应部位前房角变窄或关闭的发生率为22．87％（67／293），二者差异有统计学意义（Х^2=170．83，P〈0．01）。囊肿大小导致相应前房角变窄或关闭的比例值，行直线相关分析，二者呈正相关（r=0．9939，P〈0．01）。结论正常人群中原发性虹膜睫状体囊肿的发病比例高，部分囊肿可导致前房角变窄或关闭；囊肿的部位和大小是导致相应部位的前房角变窄或关闭的相关因素。