Clinical Application of Primary Suture Following Three-Port Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration: A Report of 176 Cases

Objective: To investigate the feasibility, safety and the clinical value of primary suture following 3-port laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). Methods: From January 2012 to September 2014, 176 patients suffered from choledocholithiasis were treated with primary suture following 3-port LCBDE and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results: All cases were operated successfully and none was converted to open surgery. The duration of operation was 92.2 ± 18.8 min and the length of postoperative hospital stay was 4.4 ± 3.7 d. Postoperative bile leakage occurred in 2 cases and these patients recovered by simple drainage for 3 to 7 days without re-operation. All patients recovered smoothly without any serious complications. Conclusions: Primary suture following 3-port LCBDE is safe, effective and mini-invasive, which is worthy of further clinical application.

Various approaches of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration plus primary duct closure for choledocholithiasis:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background： Common bile duct （CBD） stones may occur in up to 3%–14.7% of all patients with cholecystectomy.Various approaches of laparoscopic CBD exploration plus primary duct closure （PDC） are the most commonly used and the best methods to treat CBD stone. This systematic review was to comparethe effectiveness and safety of the various approaches of laparoscopic CBD exploration plus PDC forcholedocholithiasis

Role of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration in the management of choledocholithiasis

Surgical fraternity has not yet arrived at any consensus for adequate treatment of choledocholithiasis. Sequential treatment in the form of pre-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) is considered as optimal treatment till date. With refinements in technique and expertise in field of minimal access surgery, many centres in the world have started offering one stage management of choledocholithiasis by LC with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE). Various modalities have been tried for entering into concurrent common bile duct(CBD) [transcystic(TC) vs transcholedochal(TD)], for confirming stone clearance(intraoperative cholangiogram vs choledochoscopy), and for closure of choledochotomy(T-tube vs biliary stent vs primary closure) during LCBDE. Both TC and TD approaches are safe and effective. TD stone extraction is involved with an increased risk of bile leaks and requires more expertise in intra-corporeal suturing and choledochoscopy. Choice depends on number of stones, size of stone, diameter of cystic duct and CBD. This review article was undertaken to evaluate the role of LCBDE for the management of choledocholithiasis.

Synchronous double cancers of the common bile duct

We report an extremely rare case of synchronous double cancers of the common bile duct without pancreaticobiliary maljunction.Only two similar cases have been reported in the English literature.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed a tuberous filling defect in the middle and superior parts of the common bile duct,and mild stenosis in the inferior duct.Computed tomography(CT) showed a well enhanced mass in the middle and superior parts of the common bile duct.A single cancer of the middle and superior bile duct was suspected and extra-hepatic bile duct resection was performed.CT eleven months after surgery revealed enhanced inferior bile duct wall and a slightly enhanced tumor within it.Retrospective review of the CT images taken before first surgery showed enhanced inferior bile duct wall without intrabiliary tumor only on the delayed phase.The inferior bile duct tumor was suspected to have originally co-existed with the middle and superior bile duct tumor.Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed subsequently.Histopathological examination revealed that the middle and superior bile duct tumor was a moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma while the inferior bile duct tumor was a papillary adenocarcinoma.The two tumors were separated and had different histological findings and growth patterns,further suggesting that they were two primary cancers.

Sinistroposition of the gallbladder and common bile duct

BACKGROUND: Despite its rare incidence, few cases of left-side gallbladder have been already published. METHODS: We reported herein the case of a 29-year-old man with a left liver tumor in whom left lateral bisegmen- tectomy was mandatory. It represents the first description of a sinistroposition of both gallbladder and common bile duct. RESULTS: Surgical exploration revealed a left-side gall- bladder , located under the left lobe of the liver. During he- patic parenchyma dissection at the left side of the round liga- ment and the Rex recessus, the common bile duct was in- jured. Complete separation of hepatic pedicle structures showed that the upper biliary convergence passed on the left side of the Rex recessus before reaching the hepatoduo- denal ligament. CONCLUSION: Only careful dissection of the hepatoduo- denal ligament up to Rex recessus level prior to liver paren- chyma resection could avoid biliary tract injury during left lobectomy.

Clinical observation of laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or common bile duct lithotripsy

BACKGROUND The incidence of common bile duct(CBD) stones accounts for approximately 10%–15% of all CBD diseases.Approximately 8%–20% of these patients also have gallstones with heterogenous signs and symptoms.AIM To investigate the clinical effects of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) combined with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and LC with CBD excision and stone extraction in one-stage suture(LBEPS) for the treatment of gallbladder and CBD stones.METHODS Ninety-four patients with gallbladder and CBD stones were selected from our hospital from January 2018 to June 2021.They were randomly divided into study and control groups with 47 patients each.The study group underwent LC with ERCP,and the control group underwent LC with LBEPS.Surgery,recovery time of gastrointestinal function,complication rates,liver function indexes,and stress response indexes were measured pre-and postoperatively in both the groups.RESULTS The durations of treatment and hospital stay were shorter in the study group than in the control group.There was no significant difference between the one-time stone removal rate between the study and control groups.The time to anal evacuation,resumption of oral feeding,time to bowel sound recovery,and time to defecation were shorter in the study group than in the control group.The preoperative serum direct bilirubin(DBIL),total bilirubin(TBIL),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) levels were insignificantly higher in the study group than that in the control group.A day after surgery,the postoperative serum DBIL,TBIL,and ALT levels were lower than their preoperative levels in both groups,and of the two groups,the levels were lower in the study group.Although the preoperative serum adrenocorticotrophic(ACTH),cortisol(COR),epinephrine(A),and norepinephrine(NE) levels were higher in the study group than that in the control group,these differences were not significant(P > 0.05).The serum ACTH,COR,A,and NE levels in both groups decreased one day after surgery compared to the preoperative levels,but the inter-group difference was statistically insignificant.Similarly,(91.79 ±10.44) ng/mL,A,and NE levels were lower in the study group than in the control group.The incidence of complications was lower in the study group than in the control group.CONCLUSION LC combined with ERCP induces only a mild stress response;this procedure can decrease the risk of complications,improve liver function,and achieve and promote a faster recovery of gastrointestinal functions.

Complications of Laparoscopic Choledochotomy and Lithotomy for Primary Suture

Objective:To explore the non-placement of“T”tube after laparoscopic choledochotomy.feasibility and complication analysis of primary suture bile duct.Methods:Retrospective analysis of January 2013~December 2016,Laparoscopic choledocholithotomy for primary bile duct suture in 87 cases,Combined with literature,the indications,methods and complications of the operation were summarized and analyzed.Results:There was no operative death in the whole group,Postoperative complications occurred in 5 cases(5.7%),1 case with jaundice,gradually subsided after 4 days of conservative treatment.Two cases had postoperative bile leakage,to prolong the drainage time of the peritoneal drainage tube and stop by itself.In 1 case,bile duct stenosis occurred.1 case of residual common bile duct stones.The average postoperative hospitalization was 9 days.Conclusion:Select the right case strictly,Patient and delicate operation,Laparoscopic choledochotomy is safe and feasible.

Clinical efficacy and safety of selective trans-cystic intra-operative cholangiography in primary suture following three-port laparoscopic common bile duct exploration

Background Intra-operative cholangiography has been shown to be a sensitive and specific method of demonstrating bile duct stones. This study investigated the feasibility, safety, and clinical value of selective trans-cystic intra-operative cholangiography in primary suture following three-port laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, and identified the factors that positively predict the presence of common bile duct stones. Methods From January 2008 to January 2011, 252 of 1013 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy received selective trans-cystic intra-operative cholangiography and primary suture following three-port laparoscopic common bile duct exploration. Their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Results All operations were successful and none was converted to open surgery. The intra-operative cholangiography time was （8.3±2.5） minutes, and the operative duration was （105.4±23.1） minutes. According to selective intra-operative cholangiography, the positive predictive values of current jaundice, small gallstones （〈0.5 cm） and dilated cystic duct （〉0.3 cm）, dilated common bile duct （〉0.8 cm）, history of jaundice or gallstone pancreatitis, abnormal liver function test, and preoperative demonstration of suspected common bile duct stones on imaging were 87%, 25%, 42%, 15%, 32%, and 75% for common bile duct stones, respectively. Patients with several factors suggestive of common bile duct stones yielded higher numbers of positive cholangiograms. Unexpected stones were found in 13 patients （5.2%） by intra-operative cholangiography. The post-operative hospital stay was （4.7±2.2） days. Post-operative bile leakage occurred in two cases, and these patients recovered by simple drainage for 3-7 days without re-operation. Of the 761 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy alone, 5 （0.7%） presented with a retained common bile duct stone requiring intervention. The median follow-up was 12 months, and only one patient who once suffered from bile leakage presented with obstructive jaundice due to bile duct stenosis 6 months postoperatively. The other patients recovered without any serious complications. Conclusions Selective intra-operative cholangiography yields acceptably high positive results. It is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive approach in patients with suspected choledocholithiasis and primary suture following three-port laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.

Analysis of the relationship between bile duct and duodenal microbiota reveals that potential dysbacteriosis is the main cause of primary common bile duct stones

Bacteria play an important role in the formation of primary Common Bile Duct(CBD)stones.However,the composition and function of the microbiota of bile duct in patients with primary CBD stones remained to be explored.We utilized the 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the microbial diversity and community composition of biliary and duodenal microbiota in 15 patients with primary CBD stones and 4 patients without biliary tract diseases.Alpha diversity analysis showed that the microbiota richness was similar in bile and intestinal fluid;Beta diversity analysis showed that there were differences in the composition between biliary microbiota and the duodenal microbiota,but the abundance of the main groups showed similarities.The composition of the biliary microbiota from gallstone patients was more complex,as was the duodenal microbiota.Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant bacteria at phylum level,accounting for at least 75%of the total reads in each subgroup.Pseudomonas and EscherichiaShigella were the major genus among subgroups,but Escherichia-Shigella had increased abundance in duodenal microbiota with primary choledocholithiasis,which may play an important role in stone formation.It is noteworthy that Clostridiumsensu_stricto,Lachnospiraceae_UCG-008,Butyrivibrio and Roseburia which could produce short chain fatty acids(SCFAs),were significantly decreased in biliary microbiota with primary CBD stones(p<0.05).Our study provided new insights into the compositional of normal biliary microbiota.The micro-ecology of biliary and duodenal in patients with stones is complex and closely related,and there is a potential for dysbacteriosis.The decrease in abundance of certain major acid-producing bacteria affects the health of the biliary tract and thus leads to the formation of stones.

腹腔镜胆总管探查一期缝合术适应证及胆漏防治4100例临床经验

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查(LCBDE)一期缝合适应证及胆漏并发症防治技术。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2023年8月我院收治的4100例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石行LCBDE一期缝合术患者的临床资料,包括病例纳入标准、技术方法及胆漏并发症的防治经验。结果4100例LCBDE一期缝合术均顺利完成,无中转开腹。术后3991例(97.34%)恢复顺利,109例(2.66%)发生胆漏。其中101例(2.46%)漏胆不伴腹膜炎50~200 ml/d,乳胶管引流1~2周自愈,8例(0.19%)胆漏伴腹膜炎再次手术胆总管置T管及腹腔引流术,本组无死亡病例。结论胆总管结石采用LCBDE一期缝合术的方法是安全有效而且有优势的选择术式。

LCBDE术中一期缝合与T管引流的术后胆漏发生率比较

目的比较腹腔镜胆总管探查术中(LCBDE)行一期缝合和T管引流的术后胆漏发生率,并分析术后胆漏的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2022年11月于温州医科大学附属第一医院行LCBDE的患者资料,分为一期缝合组和T管引流组,采用Logistic多因素回归分别分析两组发生胆漏的危险因素。对两组中有肝内结石、上段胆总管结石、最大结石直径、体温最高值和中性粒细胞百分比5项指标进行倾向性评分匹配(PSM)后,比较两组胆漏发生率。结果共纳入患者1052例,其中143例患者发生术后胆漏,发生率为13.5%。Logistic多因素回归分析显示年龄>60岁为一期缝合组(n=506)胆漏的危险因素(OR=2.242,95%CI 1.300-4.038,P=0.005),主刀医师实施LCBDE少于10例为T管引流组(n=546)胆漏的危险因素(OR=3.525,95%CI 1.469-7.996,P=0.003)。经PSM成功匹配383对患者,一期缝合组胆漏发生率较T管引流组高[15.1%(58/383)vs 9.9%(38/383),P=0.029]。结论患者年龄>60岁是行LCBDE术中一期缝合后发生胆漏的独立危险因素,医师经验不足(主刀医师实施LCBDE少于10例)是行留置T管后发生胆漏的独立危险因素。相较于一期缝合,留置T管引流可以降低LCBDE术后胆漏的发生率。

LCBDE术并一期缝合与并T形管引流治疗老年胆总管结石的临床研究

目的 分析老年胆总管结石患者应用经腹腔镜胆总管切开探查并取石术(Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Ex-ploration,LCBDE)并一期缝合与并T形管引流治疗取得的疗效。方法 采用目的抽样法选取2020年2月—2023年12月安徽省池州市人民医院78例老年胆总管结石患者为研究对象(均行LCBDE术治疗),按照治疗方法不同分为两组,每组39例,分别提供一期缝合治疗(观察组)和T形管引流治疗(对照组),比较两组手术时间、引流时间、住院时间、出血量、并发症发生率。结果 两组引流时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组手术时间、住院时间短于对照组,出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。观察组水电解质紊乱率(2.56%)、胆道出血率为(0)、残余结石率(2.56%)、胆道感染率为(0)低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.924、5.343、3.924、5.343,P均<0.05)。结论 老年胆总管结石应用LCBDE术并一期缝合的效果更佳,相比于T形管引流治疗,可以更好地改善患者预后,应用价值高。

临时支撑管辅助下腹腔镜一期缝合在治疗细径胆总管结石的应用

目的 探讨胆总管内置入临时支撑管辅助下完成一期缝合在腹腔镜细径胆总管探查术中的可行性及安全性。方法 回顾分析我院肝胆科2019年3月至2023年3月63例胆总管直径在0.5~0.7 cm范围内的细径胆总管结石合并胆囊结石患者,采用腹腔镜下胆总管内置入临时支撑管辅助一期缝合的患者的临床资料。结果 63例细径胆总管结石患者均完成腹腔镜下临时支撑管辅助一期缝合。手术时间平均(86.5±26.2)min,术中胆总管一期缝合时间平均(16.5±3.2)min,术后3例患者发生胆漏,于术后3~7 d停止。术后3个月、6个月、12个月门诊复查B超及肝功,未发现患者并发胆总管狭窄及肝功异常及胆总管结石复发。结论 对于细径胆总管结石合并胆囊结石患者,采用腹腔镜下胆总管内置入临时支撑管辅助一期缝合,是安全可行,具有临床应用价值。

腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石一期缝合术后胆漏相关危险因素分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石一期缝合术后胆漏的独立危险因素,并做出相应预防策略;为临床行腹腔镜下胆道切开取石一期缝合提供帮助,减少术后胆漏的发生。方法回顾性分析我院肝胆外科在2019年至2023年收治的102例胆总管结石并行腹腔镜下胆道切开取石一期缝合手术患者的临床资料,根据患者术后是否发生胆漏分为胆漏组(n=18)和非胆漏组(n=84)。分析所有患者的一般资料、血清白蛋白、结石数目、胆总管直径、手术时间、术中出血量、缝合方式、主刀医生手术经验。通过单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析探索术后发生胆漏的危险因素,将危险因素指标纳入受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线进行分析。结果102例患者中18例患者出现胆漏,包括16例A级胆漏以及2例B级胆漏,对两组患者的临床资料行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:术者经验<30例,术前血清白蛋白低,使用连续性缝合的胆管缝合方式是患者术后发生胆漏的独立危险因素,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析结果:术前白蛋白水平界值为37.45 g/L(P<0.05)。结论术前血清白蛋白<37.45 g/L,连续缝合胆总管切口,术者手术经验<30例可作为预测腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石一期缝合术后发生胆漏的重要理论依据。

腹腔镜胆总管探查一期缝合与胆道内支架引流一期缝合疗效比较的Meta分析

目的:通过Meta分析比较腹腔镜胆总管探查一期缝合(PS)与胆道内支架引流(BDS)+PS的临床疗效,并探讨其临床应用价值。方法:检索国内外数据库中关于腹腔镜胆总管探查(LCBDE)+PS与LCBDE+BDS+PS疗效比较的临床研究。检索时间2010年1月1日至2023年8月1日。观察指标包括手术时间、住院时间、术后胆漏发生率及总并发症发生率,提取相关数据后应用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入符合标准的回顾性队列研究5篇,文献累计样本量611例,其中PS组292例、BDS+PS组319例。Meta分析结果显示,两组手术时间(WMD=-1.66,95%CI=-15.78~12.46,P=0.82)、住院时间(WMD=-0.81,95%CI=-2.23~0.60,P=0.26)、残余结石率(OR=1.45,95%CI=0.24~8.83,P=0.69)、总并发症发生率(OR=1.15,95%CI=0.70~1.88,P=0.58)差异无统计学意义,PS组术后胆漏发生率(OR=3.63,95%CI=1.77~7.44,P=0.0004)高于BDS+PS组。结论:对于符合适应证的胆总管结石患者,LCBDE+BDS+PS可一定程度上降低术后胆漏发生率,是安全、有效的。

双镜联合胆总管切开取石一期缝合可行性分析

目的探讨双镜联合胆总管切开取石术一期缝合的安全可行性。方法回顾性分析2019年5月至2022年5月176例行双镜联合胆总管切开取石术患者的临床资料,依据取石术后胆总管切口处理方式的不同,分为胆总管一期缝合组(80例)和T管引流组(96例),观察2组患者的相关围手术期数据指标。结果2组患者手术时间、手术出血量、术后住院时间、胆漏发生例数、手术前后炎症指标、手术前后肝功能等,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在术后肛门排气时间、术后电解质紊乱发生方面,2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后并发症,一期缝合组发生胆漏10例,T管引流组发生6例,均经过通畅术区引流后自行消失,均未发生胆汁性腹膜炎等腹腔感染,拔除引流管前经超声检查无术区及腹腔积液;电解质紊乱在一期缝合组发生4例,T管引流组发生16例,经过调整后恢复正常。结论把握好手术适应症,双镜联合胆总管切开取石,胆总管切口行一期缝合,安全有效,充分体现了双镜联合的优越性,使患者受益。

腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石一期缝合的应用效果研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石一期缝合的应用效果。方法:将2018年1月—2021年12月苏州市相城人民医院的80例腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石患者根据随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,各40例。对照组患者采用胆总管前壁间断缝合方法治疗,试验组患者采用一期连续缝合方法治疗。比较两组的治疗总有效率、术后并发症发生率、手术时间、手术前后生存质量评分、创伤应激反应指标[皮质醇(Cor)、白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]及胃肠激素[胃动素(MTL)、胃泌素(GAS)]。结果:试验组的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,手术时间明显短于对照组,术后并发症总发生率明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,两组的生存质量各维度评分、创伤应激反应指标及胃肠激素水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1周,试验组的生存质量评分明显高于对照组,术后1、2 d,试验组的创伤应激反应指标水平均明显低于对照组,胃肠激素指标水平均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石一期缝合的应用效果相对更好,且可有效控制患者的手术创伤应激反应,改善胃肠道功能、生存质量。

腹腔镜胆总管探查取石Ⅰ期缝合治疗胆总管结石疗效观察

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查取石(LCBDE)Ⅰ期缝合治疗胆总管结石可行性、安全性及疗效。方法回顾性分析2018年3月至2020年5月96例胆总管结石患者临床资料。腹腔镜胆总管探查取石(LCBDE)Ⅰ期缝合51例,T管引流45例,比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气及腹腔引流时间、术后24 h疼痛评估、住院时间、住院费。结果Ⅰ期缝合组术中血量及术后胆漏情况,与T管引流组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Ⅰ期缝合组手术时间短,术后疼痛轻,术后恢复快,住院时间短和住院费用减少(P<0.05)。术后无严重并发症,随诊6个月至2年无胆管狭窄。结论LCBDEⅠ期缝合是治疗胆总管结石可行的方法。

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合术治疗胆总管结石的效果分析

目的研究腹腔镜胆总管切开一期缝合术的临床疗效。方法方便选取2020年1月—2022年12月高邮市中医医院收治的符合入院标准的81例胆总管结石患者为研究对象,依据胆总管缝合方式不同分为对照组和观察组,其中45例对照组患者采取T管引流术,36例观察组患者采取一期缝合术。比较两组术中出血量、手术时间、术后住院时间、术后肛门排气时间、住院总费用、术后并发症发生率等。结果两组术中出血量对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组手术时间、术后肛门排气时间、术后住院时间、住院总费用均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率为13.89%,低于对照组的28.89%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.592,P<0.05)。随访时间内两组患者均未出现结石复发。结论腹腔镜胆总管切开一期缝合术可以减少患者痛苦、缩短手术时间、降低术后并发症发生率,从而加快术后机体的恢复,节约了部分社会资源。

连续缝合和间断缝合应用于一期缝合术治疗老年胆总管结石的疗效比较

目的探讨连续缝合和间断缝合在腹腔镜胆总管探查一期缝合术治疗老年胆总管结石中的操作技巧和临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2023年1月我院肝胆中心应用腹腔镜胆总管探查一期缝合术治疗的276例老年胆总管结石病人的临床资料,其中181例行胆总管倒刺线连续缝合(连续缝合组),95例行胆总管薇乔线间断缝合(间断缝合组)。比较2组一般资料、围手术期相关指标及术后并发症发生情况。结果所有病人均顺利完成腹腔镜手术,无中转手术病例。2组一般资料、胆总管直径、胆总管管壁厚度、结石直径差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但连续缝合组在手术时间、胆管缝合时间、术中出血量方面明显优于间断缝合组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。术后共7例病人发生胆漏,均通过保持腹腔持续引流顺利恢复,无再次手术病例,但连续缝合组胆漏发生率明显低于间断缝合组(1.1%比5.3%,P=0.037)。随访3~24个月,2组结石残留、结石复发率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对于老年胆总管结石病人,相较于间断缝合,应用连续缝合的腹腔镜胆总管探查一期缝合术能够缩短手术时间,减少手术并发症,加快术后康复,是一种有效且安全的微创手术方法。