Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor with a suspicious pulmonary nodule:A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors(PHNETs)are extremely rare tumors originating from neuroendocrine cells.Due to lack of neuroendocrine symptoms and specific radiographic characteristics,PHNETs are challenging to differentiate from other liver tumors.CASE SUMMARY This case involved a 67-year-old male who was admitted with a discovered hepatic mass and a suspicious lung lesion.Primary hepatic carcinoma was initially speculated based on the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings.The patient underwent a laparoscopic right partial hepatectomy,and subsequent immunohistochemical examination revealed a HNET.To exclude other potential origins,a positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan and gastrointestinal endoscopy were performed,leading to a final diagnosis of PHNETs.Then we conducted a literature review using the PubMed database,identifying 99 articles and 317 cases related to PHNETs.The characteristics,diagnostic methods,and treatment of PHNETs have been described.Finally,we elaborate on the presumed origins,pathological grades,clinical features,diagnosed methods,and treatments associated with PHNETs.CONCLUSION The diagnosis of PHNETs was primarily an exclusionary process.A definitive diagnosis of PHNETs relied mainly on immunohistochemical markers(chromogranin A,synaptophysin,and cluster of differentiation 56)and exclusion of primary foci in other organs.Radical surgery was the preferred treatment for early-stage tumors.

Primary coexisting adenocarcinoma of the colon and neuroendocrine tumor of the duodenum: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine tumors(NETs)arise from the body’s diffuse endocrine system.Coexisting primary adenocarcinoma of the colon and NETs of the duodenum(D-NETs)is a rare occurrence in clinical practice.The classification and treatment criteria for D-NETs combined with a second primary cancer have not yet been determined.CASE SUMMARY We report the details of a case involving female patient with coexisting primary adenocarcinoma of the colon and a D-NET diagnosed by imaging and surgical specimens.The tumors were treated by surgery and four courses of chemothe-rapy.The patient achieved a favorable clinical prognosis.CONCLUSION Coexisting primary adenocarcinoma of the colon and D-NET were diagnosed by imaging,laboratory indicators,and surgical specimens.Surgical resection com-bined with chemotherapy was a safe,clinically effective,and cost-effective treat-ment.

Surgical resection of adrenal metastasis from primary liver tumors:a report of two cases

BACKGROUND:Although the treatment of extrahepatic metastases from primary liver tumors is essentially palliative,solitary metastasis from such tumors offers a possibility of cure by surgical resection.The adrenal gland is an uncommon site for metastasis from primary liver tumors. METHOD:We report two cases of adrenalectomy for solitary adrenal metastasis:one from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and the other from hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS:The patient with intrahepatic cholangiocar- cinoma had a synchronous adrenal metastasis and underwent simultaneous liver resection and adrenalectomy. However,he developed recurrent disease 17 months following surgery for which he is presently on palliative chemotherapy.The other patient underwent adrenalectomy for adrenal metastasis 3 months following liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.He is presently alive and disease-free 27 months after adrenalectomy. CONCLUSION:Carefully selected patients with solitary metastasis from primary liver tumors may be considered for resection.

Influence of primary tumor location and resection on survival in metastatic colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND Patients with right sided colorectal cancer are known to have a poorer prognosis than patients with left sided colorectal cancer, whatever the cancer stage. To this day, primary tumor resection(PTR) is still controversial in a metastatic, non resectable setting.AIM To explore the survival impact of PTR in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC) depending on PTL.METHODS We retrospectively collected data from all consecutive patients treated for mCRC at the Centre Georges Francois Leclerc Hospital. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the influence of PTR on survival. We then evaluated the association between PTL and overall survival among patients who previously underwent or did not undergo PTR. A propensity score was performed to match cohorts.RESULTS Four hundred and sixty-six patients were included. A total of 153(32.8%) patients had unresected synchronous mCRC and 313(67.2%) patients had resected synchronous mCRC. The number of patients with right colic cancer, left colic cancer and rectal cancer was respectively 174(37.3%), 203(43.6%) and 89(19.1%). In the multivariate analysis only PTL, PTR, resection of hepatic and or pulmonary metastases and the use of oxaliplatin, EGFR inhibitors or bevacizumab throughout treatment were associated to higher overall survival rates. Survival evaluation depending on PTR and PTL found that PTR improved the prognosis of both left and right sided mCRC. Results were confirmed by using a weighted propensity score.CONCLUSION In mCRC, PTR seems to confer a higher survival rate to patients whatever the PTL.

Palliative primary tumor resection provides survival beneits for the patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and low circulating levels of dehydrogenase and carcinoembryonic antigen

Background: It remains controversial whether palliative primary tumor resection(PPTR) can provide survival benefits to the patients with metastatic colorectal cancer(m CRC) who have unresectable metastases. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether PPTR could improve the survival of patients with m CRC.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on consecutive m CRC patients with unresectable metastases who were diagnosed at Sun Yat?sen University Cancer Center in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, between January 2005 and December 2012. Overall survival(OS) and progression?free survival(PFS) after first?line chemotherapy failure were compared between the PPTR and non?PPTR patient groups.Results: A total of 387 patients were identified, including 254 who underwent PPTR and 133 who did not. The median OS of the PPTR and non?PPTR groups was 20.8 and 14.8 months(P < 0.001), respectively. The median PFS after first?line chemotherapy was 7.3 and 4.8 months(P < 0.001) in the PPTR and non?PPTR groups, respectively. A larger proportion of patients in the PPTR group(219 of 254, 86.2%) showed local progression compared with that of patients in the non?PPTR group(95 of 133, 71.4%; P < 0.001). Only patients with normal lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) levels and with carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) levels <70 ng/m L benefited from PPTR(median OS, 22.2 months for the PPTR group and 16.2 months for the non?PPTR group; P < 0.001).Conclusions: For m CRC patients with unresectable metastases, PPTR can improve OS and PFS after first?line chemo?therapy and decrease the incidence of new organ involvement. However, PPTR should be recommended only for patients with normal LDH levels and with CEA levels <70 ng/m L.

Colorectal adenocarcinoma patients with M1a diseases gain more clinical benefits from palliative primary tumor resection than those with M1b diseases: A propensity score matching analysis

BACKGROUND Surgical resection is regarded as the only potentially curative treatment option for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer(CRC).The National Comprehensive Cancer Network clinical practice guidelines do not recommend palliative surgery unless there is a risk of severe symptoms.However,accumulating evidence has shown that palliative surgery is associated with more favorable outcomes for patients with metastatic CRC.AIM To investigate the separate role of palliative primary tumor resection for patients with stage IVA(M1a diseases)and stage IVB(M1b diseases)colorectal adenocarcinoma(CRA).METHODS CRA patients diagnosed from 2010 to 2015 with definite M1a and M1b categories according to the 8th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system were selected from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results(SEER)database.To minimize potential selection bias,the data were adjusted by propensity score matching(PSM).Baseline characteristics,including gender,year of diagnosis,age,marital status,primary site,surgical information,race,grade,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy,were recorded and analyzed.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the separate role of palliative surgery for patients with M1a and M1b diseases.RESULTS A total of 19680 patients with metastatic CRA were collected from the SEER database,including 10399 cases of M1a diseases and 9281 cases of M1b diseases.Common independent prognostic factors for both M1a and M1b patients included year of diagnosis,age,race,marital status,primary site,grade,surgery,and chemotherapy.After PSM adjustment,3732 and 3568 matched patients in the M1a and M1b groups were included,respectively.Patients receiving palliative primary tumor resection had longer survival time than those without surgery(P<0.001).For patients with M1a diseases,palliative resection could increase the median survival time by 9 mo;for patients with M1b diseases,palliative resection could prolong the median survival time by 7 mo.For M1a diseases,patients with lung metastasis had more clinical benefit from palliative resection than those with liver metastasis(15 mo for lung metastasis vs 8 mo for liver metastasis,P<0.001).CONCLUSION CRA patients with M1a diseases gain more clinical benefits from palliative primary tumor resection than those with M1b diseases.Those patients with M1a(lung metastasis)have superior long-term outcomes after palliative primary tumor resection.

Stability reconstruction after resections of primary malignant tumors

Objective To review the methods of the stability reconstruction after resections of primary malignant spinal tumors.Methods From January 1999 to January 2009,38 cases of primary malignant spinal turmors underwenttumor

Primary Malignant Giant Cell Tumor of Bone:A Case Report

Primary malignant giant cell tumor of bone is clinically rare,lack of specificity,and often misdiagnosed.Currently,related literature about this tumor remains scarce.One case of primary malignant giant cell tumor of bone was diagnosed and treated in our hospital,and the treatment effect was satisfactory.There was no recurrence or metastasis in 2 years of followup.The report is as follows.

Epstein-Barr virus negative primary hepatic leiomyoma: Case report and literature review

Primary hepatic leiomyoma is a neoplasm of mesen-chymal origin and occurs only rarely. Secondary to benign smooth muscle proliferation, it is usually found in adult women and is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Here, we report the 29 th case of primary hepatic leiomyoma with its unique features related to diagnosis, treatment and developmental biology. A 48-year-old man, with an immunocompromised status, complained of pain in the upper quadrant of the abdomen. Serological analysis indicated no presence of hepatitis virus, no human immunodeficiency virus, and no EBV infection. The levels of α-fetoproteinand carcinoembryonic antigen were normal. A mass was detected in segment Ⅲ of the hepatic lobe by ultrasonography and an abdominal computed tomography scan. Endoscopy had negative findings. Exploratory laparotomy found no existing extrahepatic tumor and left lateral lobectomy was performed. Pathological examination showed the mass to be a typical leiomyoma. The cells were positive for α-smooth muscle actin and desmin, and negative for the makers of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), including CD117, CD34 and DOG1 (discovered on GIST1). In situ hybridization revealed negative status for EBV-encoded small RNA. After left lateral lobectomy, the patient was not given chemotherapy or radiotherapy. During a 2-year follow- up, no sign of local recurrence or distant metastasis was observed. In conclusion, we report a rare case of primary hepatic leiomyoma in a male patient without EBV infection. Hepatic resection was curative. This case presents data to expand our knowledge concerning the complex and heterogeneous nature of primary liver leiomyoma, indicating that EBV infection is important but neither necessary nor sufficient for the development of primary liver leiomyoma.

Contemporary indications for and outcomes of hepatic resection for neuroendocrine liver metastases

BACKGROUND Although surgical resection is associated with the best long-term outcomes for neuroendocrine liver metastases(NELM),the current indications for and outcomes of surgery for NELM from a population perspective are not well understood.AIM To determine the current indications for and outcomes of liver resection(LR)for NELM using a population-based cohort.METHODS A retrospective review of the 2014-2017 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and targeted hepatectomy databases was performed to identify patients who underwent LR for NELM.Perioperative characteristics and 30-d morbidity and mortality were analyzed.RESULTS Among 669 patients who underwent LR for NELM,the median age was 60(interquartile range:51-67)and 51%were male.While the number of metastases resected ranged from 1 to 9,the most common(45%)number of tumors resected was one.The majority(68%)of patients had a largest tumor size of<5 cm.Most patients underwent partial hepatectomy(71%)while fewer underwent a right or left hepatectomy or trisectionectomy.The majority of operations were open(82%)versus laparoscopic(17%)or robotic(1%).In addition,30%of patients underwent intraoperative ablation while 45%had another concomitant operation including cholecystectomy(28.8%),bowel resection(20.2%),or partial pancreatectomy(3.4%).Overall 30-d morbidity and mortality was 29%and 1.3%,respectively.On multivariate analysis,American Society of Anesthesiologists class≥3[odds ratios(OR),OR=2.089,95%confidence intervals(CI):1.197-3.645],open approach(OR=1.867,95%CI:1.148-3.036),right hepatectomy(OR=1.618,95%CI:1.014-2.582),and prolonged operative time of>230 min(OR=1.731,95%CI:1.168-2.565)were associated with higher 30-d morbidity while intraoperative ablation and concomitant procedures were not.CONCLUSION LR for NELM was performed with relatively low postoperative morbidity and mortality.Concomitant procedures performed at the time of LR did not increase morbidity.

Implantation of a drug delivery system during surgery for patients with primary hepatocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: Postoperative regional chemotherapy is one of the most effective methods to decrease the recurrent rate and improve the prognosis of primary hepatocarcinoma (PHC). This study was undertaken to assess the optimal pathway to implant the drug delivery system (DDS) in the different ways of resecting PHC so as to offer a valuable reference to clinical implantation of the DDS. METHODS: One hundred and ninety cases were divided into two groups according to whether the tumors were resected completely (A) or not (B). Groups A and B were subdivided into three groups a, b and c according to the pathway selected for DDS implantation. The patients in subgroup a received DDS implantation through both the hepatic artery and portal vein (A+P-implanted group), the patients in subgroup b received DDS implantation through the portal vein (P-implanted group), and the patients in subgroup c received DDS implantation through the hepatic artery (A-implanted group). RESULTS: The 1- and 3-year recurrent rates of subgroup c in group A were higher than those of subgroup b, and there was no significant difference between subgroups a and b. Compared with subgroups a and c, the 1- and 3-year survival rates of subgroup b were similar to those of group a but higher than those of group c. The 1- and 3-year survival rates between subgroups a and b in group B were significantly different. The prognosis of subgroup c was lower than that of subgroup a and no significant difference was observed between subgroups b and c. CONCLUSIONS: The DDS should be implanted into the portal vein when PHC is resected completely. It may be better to implant it into both portal vein and hepatic artery if the tumor cannot be completely resected.

Prognostic factors after palliative resection for colorectal cancer with incurable synchronous liver metastasis

Purpose: With the improvements in newer chemotherapeutic agents, there is currently no consensus regarding the validity of palliative resection of the primary tumor for colorectal cancer with incurable distant metastasis. We retrospectively analyzed prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer accompanied by incurable synchronous liver metastasis. Methods: 82 patients with incurable synchronous liver metastases, who underwent primary tumor resection alone, were enrolled. Results: The multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of ascites (P = 0.001, Hazard ratio = 2.96) and differentiation (P = 0.003, Hazard ratio = 3.68) were found to be significant independent prognostic factors. The median survival time among the patients with ascites was 4.8 months and that among the patients with poorly-differentiated or mucinous adenocarcinoma, or signet ring cell carcinoma (high grade differentiation) was 1.4 months, respectively. Conclusion: The presence of ascites and differentiation were prognostic factors in the patients with incurable liver metastases. Therefore, because prognosis is generally poor after primary tumor resection in the patients with ascites or high grade differentiation, the introduction of systemic chemotherapy with alleviation of symptoms related to the primary tumor should be taken into account as one of the therapeutic strategies.

肝动脉介入化疗栓塞术在原发性肝癌术后患者中的应用研究

目的探究肝动脉介入化疗栓塞术对原发性肝癌术后患者的疗效。方法选择100例原发性肝癌患者作为观察对象,按随机数字表法分成2组,各50例。两组均于腹腔镜引导行肿瘤切除术,研究组在术后7 d辅以肝动脉介入化疗栓塞术治疗,治疗后随访2年。对比治疗前后两组肝功能[谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)]、血清肿瘤标志物[糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)及磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-3(GPC3)]水平、生存质量[生命质量测定量表(QOL-LC)],统计两组术后复发率及生存率。结果与治疗前对比,两组治疗后7 d的血清AST、TBIL、ALT水平均增高,且研究组较对照组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与治疗前对比,两组治疗后1个月血清CA19-9、AFP、GPC3水平均降低,且研究组较对照组更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与治疗前对比,治疗后1个月两组QOL-LC评分均增高,且研究组[(185.74±12.34)分]较对照组[(164.30±11.55)分]更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组治疗后2年复发率为26.00%(13/50),低于对照组的50.00%(25/50),生存率为84.00%(42/50),高于对照组的64.00%(32/50),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肝动脉介入化疗栓塞术辅助肿瘤切除术治疗原发性肝癌效果更佳,可有效降低血清肿瘤标志物表达水平,改善肺功能及生存质量,提升临床生存率,利于预后。

肿瘤标志物与血清指标水平对肝癌根治术后生存复发的预测价值研究

目的探究肿瘤标志物及相关血清指标水平对肝癌根治术术后生存复发的预测价值。方法回顾性分析在2017年1月至2018年1月在我院行肝癌根治术治疗的患者298例,收集患者的临床资料情况及术前患者的肿瘤标志物、血清指标水平,并对患者进行5年随访调查,记录患者的生存复发情况,进一步探究各指标对患者生存复发情况的预测价值。结果经单因素及多因素分析结果可知,肿瘤大小、微血管浸润、术前中性粒细胞计数、AFP、CA-125、总胆红素、血浆白蛋白水平均对患者早期复发有一定的影响,ROC曲线分析结果显示,术前中性粒细胞计数、AFP、CA-125、总胆红素、血浆白蛋白水平均对患者早期复发提供了很好的预测价值(AUC值分别为0.796、0.791、0.800、0.815、0.899);肿瘤位置、肿瘤大小、肿瘤数目、有无微血管浸润、术前FIB、前白蛋白、CA-125、CA-199、D-二聚体、HBs-Ag均对患者预后死亡有一定的预测价值,术前FIB、CA-125、CA-199、D-二聚体也对患者预后死亡有一定意义(AUC值分别为0.860、0.823、0.851、0.939)。结论术前肿瘤标志物及血清指标水平对肝癌根治术患者预后、术后复发及死亡情况具有一定预测价值。

Elevated preoperative CA125 is associated with poor survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer undergoing primary tumor resection:a retrospective cohort study

Background The impact of the preoperative carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125)level on the survival of metastatic colorectal cancer(CRC)patients undergoing primary tumor resection(PTR)remains uncertain.The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value in overall survival(OS)and cancer-specific survival(CSS)between patients with and without an elevated preoperative CA125 level.Methods All metastatic CRC patients receiving PTR between 2007 and 2017 at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University(Guangzhou,China)were retrospectively included.OS and CSS rates were compared between patients with and without elevated preoperative CA125 levels.Results Among 326 patients examined,46(14.1%)exhibited elevated preoperative CA125 levels and the remaining 280(85.9%)had normal preoperative CA125 levels.Patients with elevated preoperative CA125 levels had lower body mass index,lower preoperative albumin level,lower proportion of preoperative chemotherapy,higher carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19–9(CA19–9)levels,poorer differentiation,and more malignant histopathological type than patients with normal preoperative CA125 levels.In addition,patients with elevated preoperative CA125 levels exhibited more advanced pathological T and N stages,more peritoneal metastasis,and more vessel invasion than patients with normal preoperative CA125 levels.Moreover,the primary tumor was more likely to be located at the colon rather than at the rectum in patients with elevated CA125 levels.Both OS and CSS rates in patients with elevated preoperative CA125 levels were significantly lower than those in patients with normal preoperative CA125 levels.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that an elevated preoperative CA125 level was significantly associated with poor prognosis in metastatic CRC patients undergoing PTR.The hazard ratio(HR)in OS was 2.36(95%confidence interval[CI],1.67–3.33,P<0.001)and the HR in CSS was 2.50(95%CI,1.77–3.55,P<0.001).The survival analysis stratified by peritoneal metastasis also demonstrated that patients with elevated preoperative CA125 levels had lower OS and CSS rates regardless of peritoneal metastasis.Conclusion Based on an analysis of metastatic CRC patients undergoing PTR,an elevated preoperative CA125 level was associated with poor prognosis,which should be taken into consideration in clinical practice.

不同重建方式治疗四肢原发性恶性骨肿瘤的随访研究

目的通过分析原发性恶性骨肿瘤患者在瘤段切除后经不同重建方式治疗的随访资料,探讨手术方案的选择对临床疗效的影响。方法以2016年7月1日至2022年7月1日东部战区总医院单中心收治的四肢原发性恶性骨肿瘤患者为研究对象,根据瘤段切除后重建方式分为肿瘤型假体置换组和生物重建组。回顾患者的临床随访资料,对比2组患者至随访截止时间的复发率、转移率、生存率以及最终保肢率,并总结生物重建失败的影响因素。同时,采用美国肌肉骨骼肿瘤协会评分(MSTS)、多伦多保肢评分(TESS)评价并比较不同组间患者术后功能的恢复情况。结果共收集并筛选入组患者87例,其中男52例,女35例,年龄8~71岁,平均(38.3±21.2)岁。随访15~70个月,平均随访时间26.5个月。至随访截止时间,共存活67例,死亡20例,总生存率为77.01%;无瘤存活45例,无瘤生存率为51.72%。其中,假体置换组74例、生物重建组13例(瘤体骨灭活再植钢板重建2例、自体腓骨移植钢板重建11例)。生物重建组术后1年的MSTS评分及TESS评分均明显高于假体置换组(28.33±2.09 vs 24.16±4.51、85.62±6.71 vs 80.82±3.85,P<0.01)。假体置换组术后生存率达到了75.68%。而生物重建组患者术后生存率更达到了84.62%,且根据多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果,不同的手术方式对无瘤生存(TFS)、总生存(OS)均无显著影响(P>0.05),复发和转移发生与否才是影响OS的预测因素(P=0.003和P=0.001)。而进一步的研究显示,两种不同手术方式的选择与患者的生存率(P=0.0843)、复发率(P=0.5206)、转移率(P=0.3217)无显著相关性。假体置换组与生物重建组的二次手术率(29.73%vs 38.46%)及最终保肢率(83.78%vs 84.62%)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。行瘤段切除后自体腓骨移植钢板重建的患者有11例,其中出现移植骨骨不连2例;愈合时间与年龄、术前肿瘤生长部位、术中截骨长度、取骨部位及植骨量均有相关性(P<0.05)。结论随着治疗理念和手术技术的不断进步,针对原发性恶性骨肿瘤瘤段切除后的骨缺损,采用术前精准测量和周密设计的生物重建手术,可以发挥其在关节稳定、肢体功能、保障疗效等各方面的优势,从而取得较假体置换手术更佳的治疗效果。

Updated evidence of primary tumor resection in stage Ⅳ breast cancer:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:In stage Ⅳ breast cancer,surgical resection of the primary tumor was traditionally performed solely to palliate symptoms such as bleeding,infection,or pain.The ongoing discussion has shown that there are many research gaps in the current literature and differences in clinical practice.Thus,this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to evaluate how primary tumor resection(PTR)affects the overall survival(OS)of patients with stage Ⅳ breast cancer.Method:A thorough literature search was completed using different databases(PubMed,Google Scholar,Scopus,ScienceDirect,and Cochrane Library)to find papers contrasting PTR with no PTR.The quality of research articles was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 Tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS).Review Manager 5.4 was used to determine how much demographic and clinical factors contribute to heterogeneity through subgroup and meta-regression analysis.Results:Data derived from 44 observational studies(OS)and four randomized controlled trials(RCTs)including 227,889 patients were analyzed.Of all cases,150,239 patients were included in the non-PTR group,and 70,795 patients in the PTR group(37 observational studies and 4 randomized control trials).The pooled outcomes of four RCT studies(Hazard Ratio(HR)=1.03,95%CI:0.67-1.58;I2=88%;P<0.0001;chi-square 24.57)favor non-PTR.While pooled outcomes of 43 observational studies showed PTR significantly improved OS(HR=0.66,95%CI:0.61-0.71;I2=87%;P<0.00001;chi-square 359.12).Additionally,subgroup analysis that compared PTR with non-PTR in patients with stage IV breast cancer for progression free-survival(HR=0.89,95%CI:0.62-1.28;P=0.03;I2=71%)and locoregional progression-free survival(LPFS)(HR=0.33,95%CI:0.14-0.74;P=0.0004;I^(2)=87%)was found to be significant favoring the PTR group.Distant progression-free survival(DPFS)had a non-significant relationship(HR=0.42,95%CI:0.29-0.60;P=0.12;I^(2)=53%),while overall,there was a significant relationship(HR=0.49,95%CI:0.32-0.75;P<0.00001;I2=90%).Subgroup analysis revealed that PTR is beneficial in patients with bone metastasis(HR=0.83,95%CI:0.68-1.01;P=0.01;I^(2)=56%),with one metastatic site(HR=0.75,95%CI:0.63-0.59;P=0.006;I2=62%),but not in patients with positive margins(HR=0.84,95%CI:0.67-1.06;P=0.07;I^(2)=61%),negative margins(HR=0.61,95%CI:0.59-0.63,P=1.00;I^(2)=0%).Most of the patients in PTR and non-PTR groups belonged to white compared to other ethnic groups.Overall,observational studies were of high quality,while RCTs were of low quality.Conclusion:The current research suggests that PTR may be discussed as a possible option.

48例原发性腹膜后肿瘤的外科治疗

目的：总结原发性腹膜后肿瘤的诊断和治疗经验。方法：对本院手术的48例原发性腹膜后肿瘤进行回顾性分析。生存分析采用Kaplan－Meier法，log－rank检验。结果：病理类型共13种，良性18例（37．5％），恶性30例（62．5％）。临床表现包括腹胀、腹痛、腰背酸痛、低热、消瘦、尿频尿急、月经不调和贫血。主要辅助检查为CT、B超、X线胃肠造影、泌尿系统造影和数字减影血管造影术等。18例良性肿瘤均完整切除，30例恶性肿瘤中12例（40％）实行广泛切除术，18例（60％）实行部分切除或仅作活检。实行广泛切除术者平均生存时间40±4．88个月，3年与5年生存率分别为50．0％和25．0％；而实行部分切除或仅作活检者平均生存时间20．83±2．84个月，术后3年与5年生存率则分别为16．7％和0，二者相比差异有显著意义（P＝0．002）。恶性肿瘤因复发施行多次手术7例（58．3％）。结论：原发性腹膜后肿瘤早期不易发现，应重视体格检查和影像学检查，手术是治疗本症的主要方法，良性肿瘤应完整切除，恶性肿瘤应争取作广泛切除术。本病复发率高，术后应定期随访。

左心室肿瘤外科治疗经验

目的:总结左心室肿瘤的外科治疗经验,以期提高对左心室心脏肿瘤的手术指征、诊断方法和治疗方法的认识。方法:回顾分析2008年1月~2019年1月间中国医学科学院阜外医院心外科完成左心室肿瘤手术患者34例的临床资料。34例患者中,男性19例,女性15例;年龄5个月至65岁。观察并记录患者一般情况、临床表现、心功能情况、心脏影像学检查、手术时间、住院时间、二次手术、感染、复发率和死亡率等。术后6个月内患者返院复查超声心动图,以后通过电话进行随访观察。结果 :34例患者中有症状者19例,其中16例患者活动后胸闷、气短,3例患者有晕厥症状;无症状患者15例;左心室肿瘤单发30例,多发4例;心脏肿瘤首次手术31例;心脏肿瘤复发,二次行左心室肿瘤切除3例(黏液瘤2例,脂肪瘤1例)。(1)手术结果:34例患者术后无住院死亡,手术成功率100%。未见出血、二次开胸、术后低心排出量综合征、肾功能衰竭、术后栓塞等手术并发症。手术主动脉阻断时间30~248 min,平均(78.03±52.22)min;转机时间40~293 min,平均(107.25±58.91)min;术后住院6~19 d,平均8 d。34例患者中肿瘤完全切除25例,部分切除9例,所有患者出院前超声心动图复查心功能全部正常。(2)随访结果:术后6个月内,33例患者返院复查超声心动图正常,1例患者未返院复查。34例患者中29例患者通过电话进行了随访,失访5例,随访率为85.29%,随访时间为2~120个月,平均随访时间为(57±37)个月。25例完整切除左心室肿瘤的患者均未复发;9例手术无法完整切除左心室肿瘤的患者中2例复发(其中1例为神经鞘瘤患者,26个月后发现复发;另外1例为脂肪瘤患者,在外院行左心室腔内脂肪瘤切除术后复发,本次在我院行二次脂肪瘤切除术,15个月后肿瘤再次增大,导致二尖瓣大量反流)。其余患者最长随访至术后120个月均未见复发。结论:外科治疗左心室良性肿瘤具有很好的近期效果,左心室良性肿瘤发现后应及早手术。左心室恶性肿瘤预后差,需要仔细评判手术风险。

原发性颈段气管肿瘤11例临床分析

目的:总结11例原发性颈段气管肿瘤的临床资料及诊治经验,提高对该类疾病的认识。方法:回顾性分析从1984年1月至2006年11月我院诊治的11例原发性颈段气管肿瘤患者的临床资料。恶性者共有9例,其中腺样囊性癌3例,鳞状细胞癌3例,粘液表皮癌1例,透明细胞癌2例。良性者2例,平滑肌瘤和神经纤维瘤各1例。结果:中位年龄为47.5岁(1.5～63岁)。呼吸困难和咳嗽咳痰是最多见的症状,有7例患者早期被误诊(63.6%)。纤维喉镜、纤维支气管镜或气管镜检查为确诊的重要手段。行手术治疗者8例,其中行气管袖状切除者2例,部分气管壁切除者3例,全喉、部分气管及甲状腺腺叶切除者1例,内窥镜下YAG激光切除者1例,气管开窗肿瘤剔除术1例。恶性肿瘤患者3年和5年生存率分别为72.9%和43.8%,而良性肿瘤患者均术后无瘤生存。姑息性放疗或化疗者3例,2例均于3年内死亡。手术治疗的并发症发生率为37.5%(3/8),主要为气胸和声音嘶哑。结论:原发性颈段气管肿瘤较少见,早期易误诊,应重视早期诊断。恶性者居多,最多见的是腺样囊性癌和鳞状细胞癌。手术是主要的治疗手段,气管袖状切除端端吻合术是得到广泛认可的理想术式,而单纯放疗或化疗效果均不理想。