Adjustment of Administrative Divisions and Upgrading of Industrial Structure in Hefei Metropolitan Area:Taking"Partitions of Chaohu"as a Quasi-natural Experiment

Administrative regions are an important environment for the operation of China's market economy.The relevant economic subjects cannot predict the policy of adjustment of administrative divisions and carry out conscious migration behavior,adjustment of administrative divisions can be regarded as a quasi-natural experiment.The three cities of Hefei,Wuhu,and Ma'anshan,which are directly related to the adjustment of the administrative division of Chaohu,are taken as the treatment group,and the seven adjacent cities of Lu'an,Huainan,Chuzhou,Bengbu,Anqing,Chizhou,and Tongling are taken as the control group.Differences-in-Differences method and relevant control variables affecting the upgrading of industrial structure are used to test.The test results show that"Partitions of Chaohu"has a significant industrial structure upgrading effect by promoting the optimization of spatial layout,the cross-regional flow of production factors and the effective management of Chaohu Lake Basin.At the same time,the increase of total retail sales of consumer goods,urban fixed assets investment,public utility expenses in science,education,culture and health,and population plays a significant positive role in promoting the upgrading of industrial structure,while foreign direct investment plays a certain inhibition role in the upgrading of industrial structure.In order to meet the ever-developing space demands and enhance the impact on surrounding areas,the Hefei metropolitan area should be driven by technological innovation,strengthen the integration of industrial chains,improve the business environment and transportation network,and continuously promote the upgrading of industrial structure and the formation and development of new productive forces.

Evolutionary Pattern and Effect of Administrative Division Adjustment During Urbanization of China:Empirical Analysis on Multiple Scales

The adjustment of administrative divisions is one of the important factors guiding China's urbanization, which has profound economic and social effects for regional development. In this paper, we comprehensively describe the process of the adjustment of administrative divisions at provincial and municipal levels in China and summarize the effects on the basic structure and patterns of the spatial development. We quantitatively assess the effects on fields such as urbanization and social economy through the use of multidimensional scaling. The results show that: 1) Upgrading county to municipality(or city-governed district) is the main way of adjusting the administrative divisions. It is also an important factor in the spatial differentiation of interprovincial urbanization. China's population urbanization can be divided into four patterns including interprovincial migration, provincial migration, natural growth, and growth caused by the adjustment of administrative divisions, which is also the main reason for the increased Chinese urbanization rate at the provincial level. 2) Taking the city of Beijing as an example, we generalize five adjustment patterns made to administrative divisions: the set-up of sub-districts, the set-up of regional offices, the upgrading of townships to sub-districts, the upgrading of townships to towns, and the set-up of towns and the addition of new regional offices. We summarize the municipal urban spatial structure, including the sub-district office area in the central urban area, the regional office area in the new urban area, the mixed area of villages, towns, and sub-district offices in the suburb area, and the township area in the outer suburb area. 3) The adjustment of administrative divisions triggers a significant circulative accumulation effect, resulting in the spatial locking of population and industrial agglomeration. It affects the evolution of the urban spatial form and plays an important role in shaping the urban spatial structure to move to the characteristic of multicenter. In general, the adjustment of administrative divisions was an important factor affecting the inflated statistical level of urbanization and also an important driving force for the evolution of Chinese urban spatial organization structure.

Spheres of Urban Influence and Factors in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region Based on Viewpoint of Administrative Division Adjustment

The coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei has been elevated as China's important strategy. And, the priority in considering how to bring the maximum effect of their coordinated development into play is to delineate the spheres of urban influence with regard to the cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region. By building an evaluation index system of urban comprehensive strength, this paper applies the principal component analysis method to determine centrality strength of the cities, and the breakpoint theory and weighted Voronoi diagram to identify the spheres of urban influence in all central cities of the region. Results show that 13 central cities within the region greatly differ in strength, which can be classified into four tiers and that the spheres of urban influence do not have a high goodness of fit with administrative jurisdiction scope. Cities like Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Handan have larger spheres of urban, spheres of urban influence in Tangshan and Qinhuangdao are basically consistent with their administrative jurisdiction scopes, and seven cities including Langfang and Baoding have smaller spheres of urban influence. So according to these cities' comprehensive strength and spheres of influence, the region can be divided into five plates: Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan and Handan. The major influence factors for inconsistency between spheres of urban influence and spheres of jurisdiction include difference in urban administrative ranking, small number of central cities with weak strength, discrepancy in the number of counties under jurisdiction, unreasonable spheres of jurisdiction and diversity in topographical conditions. In order to solve the imbalance in the spheres of urban influence and those of jurisdiction and better facilitate the coordinated development of the region, it is advised to adjust administrative areas so as to obtain more optimized urban spatial layout and more reasonable urban scale hierarchy system.

Administrative division system changes and urbanization in China

s—This paper ana1yses the relationship between the administrative division system changes (ADSC) and the urbanization process in China, especially in Guangdong Province since the 1980s. It points out that there are three high tides in ADSC since the 1980s relevant to the changes of economic development. The guiding principle for ADSC is to give local government incentives by transferring more administrative powers to them and bringing along regional development by central city. This paper also discusses problems existed and future prospectives.

Management of World Heritage Sites from the Perspective of Administrative Division Adjustment: A Case Study of Lushan,Jiangxi Province

The protection and management of world heritage has always been a hot topic in academic circles. In recent years,the number of linear heritage has increased significantly,which brings a new challenge to the monitoring and management of heritage sites. From the perspective of administrative division adjustment,and taking Lushan of Jiangxi Province as an example,it may be a feasible attempt to manage linear heritage and similar heritage sites with multiple points of distribution.

The Differences between County,County-level City and Municipal District in the System of Administrative Divisions in China

Administrative division is an important means of political power reorganization and management,resource integration and optimal allocation,which profoundly shapes the spatial layout of urban development in China.To clarify and compare differences between counties,county-level cities and municipal districts is the primary premise for the study of administrative division and urban development.This paper analyzes the institutional differences between counties and county-level cities,as well as counties,county-level cities and municipal districts,from the aspects of organizational structure,urban construction planning,land management,finance,taxation and public services.The research shows that the establishment of counties,county-level cities and municipal districts adapt to different levels and stages of economic and social development,and the conversion from county to county-level city and the conversion from county(or county-level city)to municipal district are both important transformation ways to change their administrative systems,which has different management system and operation pattern.At the same time,the transformation of county-level administrative region is also a“double-edged sword”,we should think about the administrative system as a whole to decide whether it should be adjusted,and effectively respond to the actual needs of local economic and social development.

城市行政区划优化调整的法治逻辑与实践构想

城市是我国经济、政治、文化、社会等方面活动的中心,城市治理现代化是实现国家治理现代化和中国式现代化的重要环节。改革开放以来,政策调控所形成的城市格局已经不能适应当下的城市发展进程以及未来的国家发展战略定位,部分城市的行政区划设置并不完全符合宪法的具体规范与法治化要求。为了满足现代化的城市治理需求,城市行政区划优化调整的法治化已成必然。当前城市行政区划在区划建制、行政区域划分、行政层级设置等方面存在的规范问题,应当以《宪法》为根本依据、以法律为具体支撑,在法治轨道上进行优化调整的实践构想,以期实现行政区划制度体系的完善与城市治理的高效,更好发挥城市的辐射带动作用,实现区域协调和高质量发展。

新时代我国行政区划的制度设计、目标指向与优化策略

新时代在完善优化行政区划制度设计过程中,坚持发展与治理并重的新理念是认识前提,加强党对行政区划工作的集中统一领导是根本保障,持续推动法治建设是关键支撑,健全论证评估机制与方法是基本路径。在目标导向方面,应重点关注三项新课题:以优化基层行政区划为主要着力点,提升超大特大城市的资源承载能力;通过优化乡镇行政区划设置,推动以县城为重要载体的新型城镇化;通过优化收缩型城市和“小县”的行政区划设置,助推区域协同高质量发展。作为完成上述目标的保障机制,要在充分发挥党的全面领导、协调各方作用基础上强化党政部门协同,在明确价值导向前提下健全论证与评估体系,系统总结我国行政区划设置的历史经验,提升调整方案的明确性,减少调整的“后遗症”。

扶阳健脾汤-滋阴养胃汤顺势给药和逆势给药对健康大鼠生理指标的影响

目的通过顺势和逆势给药大鼠扶阳健脾汤和滋阴养胃汤的研究来进一步验证中医阴阳分药分时服用方剂学理论,以及评价扶阳健脾汤和滋阴养胃汤的亚急性毒性。方法选取无特定病原体级SD大鼠48只,雌雄各半,按性别、体质量(空腹)排序,采用计算机随机法分为顺势饲喂组、逆势饲喂组、阴阳合药饲喂组和对照组,每组12只。对顺势饲喂组大鼠早上给予滋阴养胃汤颗粒制剂溶液,下午给予扶阳健脾汤颗粒制剂溶液灌胃,逆势饲喂组大鼠给药顺序与顺势饲喂组相反;阴阳合药饲喂组大鼠给予扶阳健脾汤和滋阴养胃汤合药颗粒制剂混合溶液灌胃,分早晚两次给药;给予对照组早晚灌胃等量超纯水,四组大鼠均每周给药5 d,共给药7周。分别于饲喂第1天、第10天、第20天、第30天、第45天时观察各级大鼠的皮肤毛发、行为状态、兴奋程度、激怒反应、睡眠状态、大便状态。分别于饲喂后第1周、第3周、第5周、第7周的周一、三、五测定大鼠采食量和体质量,饲喂7周后检测大鼠血液常规和血生化指标,计算脏器系数。结果饲喂第3周、第5周、第7周,顺势饲喂组日均采食量明显低于对照组;饲喂第5周、第7周,逆势饲喂组体质量明显高于对照组;饲喂7周后,顺势饲喂组和逆势饲喂组的心脏脏器系数明显低于对照组,而顺势饲喂组的脾脏脏器系数明显高于对照组;顺势饲喂组单核细胞计数明显低于对照组,顺势饲喂组和阴阳合药饲喂组的甘油三酯明显低于对照组,顺势饲喂组的血清总胆固醇明显低于对照组,顺势饲喂组、逆势饲喂组、阴阳合药饲喂组的空腹血糖明显低于对照组,顺势饲喂组、逆势饲喂组、阴阳合药饲喂组的肌酐明显高于对照组;顺势饲喂组和阴阳合药饲喂组的白蛋白明显高于对照组。结论顺势给药、逆势给药、混合给药可引起大鼠空腹血糖降低,肌酐增高;此外,顺势给药还可引起大鼠心脏脏器系数、单核细胞计数、甘油三酯、总胆固醇降低,脾脏脏器系数、白蛋白增高,表明顺势给药会促进大鼠的气血运行,有利于减少食物的摄入以及促进大鼠代谢体内的碳水化合物和蛋白质的代谢,从而进一步验证了中医阴阳分药分时服用方剂学理论。

超越传统:新型设市的出现与乡镇区划建制的走向——对龙港撤镇设市的观察与思考

当前的乡镇区划建制设置具有政权组织事实上的派出化、区划分割的面状化、建制设置的差异化三大特征,这样的乡镇设置模式还存在一些问题。作为区划建制意义上的“市”制在当代中国演化出浙江龙港撤镇设市这一新型设市模式,给基层的乡镇区划建制设置模式带来了较大的冲击。未来的基层区划建制设置应超越传统的乡镇设置模式,实现从行政与自治的纠结走向两者的有机融合,从城乡分治走向城乡合治,从职责不对等走向职责对等,从多层级走向扁平化,从山川交错走向山川形便。

论行政区划变更的正当程序

正当程序包括避免偏私规则和公平听证规则,目前其适用的范围不断拓宽,广泛适用于立法、执法和司法过程中。参与的强度不断提升。作为最起码的程序要求,正当程序既适用于英美法系,也为大陆法系所认可,并以宪法或者法律的形式表现出来。我国行政区划法律规范中正当程序存在缺失或者不足,从而导致行政区划调整或者变更存在违法运行、国家机关功能紊乱、社会不稳定因素增加、不利于地方经济文化发展等诸多问题。为此,我们应当确立行政区划多重价值统一的理念,通过宪法确定、法律设定正当程序,通过行政区划主体完善、在具体程序中运用正当程序,通过建立行政区划行政公益诉讼制度和行政区划程序责任等措施落实我国行政区划变更中的正当程序。

全过程视域下的撤县(市)设区府际博弈与调适——基于Z市S区行政区划调整30年的纵向追踪

撤县(市)设区不是一蹴而就的,伴随其间的府际博弈,深刻影响着调整的进程与成效。虽然已有研究比较丰富,但主要集中于事前的动因分析或事后的绩效评估,尚未有研究系统归纳贯穿撤县(市)设区不同阶段的府际博弈逻辑及其深刻影响。基于已有研究和经验事实,以历史追踪而非点状的视角观察撤县(市)设区进程,从组织逻辑下居于主导地位的上级权威、激励逻辑下事实存在的下级弱自主性、目标逻辑下必须兼顾的稳定与发展三个层面,构建了一个理解撤县(市)设区府际博弈与调适的分析框架。在此基础上,通过对Z市S区30年相关行政区划调整过程的纵向追踪,发现各级政府遵循不同的博弈逻辑进行策略选择,进而形成了不同程度上的服从、合作甚至对抗模式,深刻影响着区域融合发展进程,也间接表明撤县(市)设区并不能直接推动新设区与主城区的融合发展。上述工作不仅初步打开了贯穿撤县(市)设区全过程的府际博弈“黑箱”,也拓展了基于过程视角的府际关系研究的适用场景与解释限度。

行政区划调整与城市空间结构演化——基于撤县设区的视角

在新型城镇化建设对城市紧凑集约发展提出更高要求的背景下,探讨行政区划调整对城市空间结构的影响具有重要意义。基于2000—2016年全国范围内演进的撤县设区数据,深入考察了撤县设区带来的城市空间结构演化效应的研究发现:(1)撤县设区促使了城市空间形态松散化和内部低密度发展,该结论在考虑多种指标、方法以及政策滞后效应之后仍成立。(2)撤县设区政策对东部城市的空间结构松散化影响更强,且不利于其发挥中心集聚优势;相比于建设规制较弱的城市,规制较强的城市受到撤县设区对城市空间结构分散化的影响更为显著。(3)进一步研究表明,自主选择型撤县设区对城市空间结构分散化的影响更加明显,而顺应融入型撤县设区则会在一定程度上促进城市空间结构趋于紧凑化。

论台湾地区行政区划变迁的本质——兼论“一国两制”台湾方案的行政区划设计

“台独”分裂势力不仅企图完成法理上“中华民国就是台湾”的构建,还试图以台湾地区行政区划调整建构“国家形态”,推进事实“台独”。通过对台湾地区行政区划变迁历史,尤其是第4次“宪政改革”后实行的“精省”工程,以及“地方制度法”颁布和后续修改过程进行梳理,发现台湾当局行政区划调整的本质在于完成台湾“国家形态”的构建。这种行政区划调整本身又影响着各政党的政治权力分配,进而产生相应的政治博弈,使台湾地区近些年的历次行政区划调整均被政治斗争所裹挟。统一后,应对台湾地区行政区划进行准确定位,以明确的原则和制度统筹规划未来台湾地区行政区划变动。这将是“一国两制”台湾方案需要解决的重大命题。

上游行业垄断对中国制造业企业GVC分工地位的影响研究

利用制造业企业微观数据,基于垄断成因系统分析不同类型上游垄断对制造业企业GVC分工地位可能造成的差异影响,并考察中间品贸易便利化的调节效应。研究表明:上游行业垄断通过阻碍企业技术创新和降低中间产品质量抑制制造业企业GVC分工地位攀升。具体而言,由企业自身高效率形成的上游技术垄断有利于企业GVC分工地位攀升,政府保护所形成的上游行政垄断明显不利于企业GVC分工地位攀升。异质性分析发现,上游垄断对民营企业、中小型企业、资本密集型行业GVC分工地位的负向影响更大;上游技术垄断更有利于大型企业、资本和技术密集型行业GVC分工地位的攀升,而上游行政垄断明显更不利于劳动和资本密集型行业GVC分工地位的攀升。此外,中间品贸易便利化加强上游行业垄断对制造业企业GVC分工地位的负向影响。

长三角一体化发展:演变历程、现状分析与对策建议

作为推进中国式现代化的重要引擎,长三角一体化主要经历了初步探索、合作深化、持续拓展、高质量发展四个发展阶段,并实现了治理模式从分割式治理到一体化协同式治理的转型,主要体现在区域治理组织、区域治理内容、区域治理形态三个方面。近年来,长三角一体化建设不断取得实质性发展,区域协同治理绩效日益显现,但仍存在“行政区行政”产生区域分割和地方主义、一体化的体制机制障碍、一体化的领域发展不够均衡等现实问题。为推进长三角一体化发展,应围绕建构跨域治理模式、优化区域一体化体制机制、有序推进各领域一体化建设等方面综合施策。

基于易经地理思想的国家空间治理结构顶层设计

以国土空间治理能力现代化助推高质量发展,是保障中华民族伟大复兴、推进中国式现代化的必然要求。本文在继承和发展易经地理思想的基础上,构建了“太极空间治理结构模型”,确定山海关为“东亚太极点”。中国国家空间治理结构的顶层设计,应围绕“山海关”而层层展开。在中央核心区,按照“东亚陆海中心+陆地屏障+海洋屏障”的环首都治理结构,将北京扩容至山海关,河北省扩容至大兴安岭中央主峰,天津直辖市扩容至渤海海峡。在四方支撑区,各布局1个直辖市(上海、重庆、天骄、威虎),并增设云北省,扼控各方向的关键节点。在外围屏障区,增设澎湖、昆仑2大直辖市和楼兰、北庭2大特别行政区,形成最有利于中国长治久安的边疆治理结构。

“三师共管”诊疗模式对不同病程糖尿病患者的临床疗效研究

背景糖尿病发病率高、并发症多,已成为亟待解决的公共卫生问题,但临床防治管理水平仍不理想。目的观察“三师共管”诊疗模式对不同病程糖尿病患者代谢指标和自我管理水平的影响。方法选取2021年4月—2022年4月在广州中医药大学深圳医院(福田)内分泌科接受“三师共管”诊疗模式管理并随访6个月以上的181例2型糖尿病患者,依据病程将患者分组(A组:病程<1年;B组:病程1~5年;C组:病程>5~10年;D组:病程>10年);患者在线下门诊由中医师、内分泌专科医师、健康照护师组成的“三师”团队进行体质辨识、并发症筛查、“药、食、功、识”、中医适宜技术等综合干预;患者居家时,由健康照护师通过智能血糖仪设备和手机APP进行线上管理。在管理6个月后收集不同病程患者血糖、体质量指标的变化;并采用问卷收集患者自我管理中的常见问题,填写糖尿病自我管理行为量表6(SDSCA-6)。结果通过“三师共管”诊疗模式的管理,A组患者在干预后降低空腹血糖和餐后2 h血糖方面的疗效较好(P<0.05);A组、B组、C组、D组的BMI、腰围与干预前比较均降低(P<0.05);患者自我管理中较常见的饮食问题为饮食结构不合理(38.12%),较常见的运动问题为运动量或运动强度不足(36.46%),较常见的监测问题为监测不足(37.02%);A组、B组、C组、D组在“健康饮食”“自我监测”“医嘱依从”“教育交流”4个维度的自我管理水平与干预前比较均升高(P<0.001)。结论“三师共管”诊疗模式能够提升糖尿病患者的自我管理能力,从而改善代谢指标,起到良好的综合干预作用,临床应尤其重视对糖尿病病程<1年患者的管理。

贵州省土壤重金属背景值再研究

为探究贵州省背景土重金属含量的基本状况,进行了系统的场调工作,共采集自然土样468件.通过统计学和对比研究的方法,在“省域尺度”、“市域尺度”和“主要土类”的3个视角下重新提出贵州省土壤重金属的背景值.结果表明,省域推荐值分别为ω(Cd)0.220 mg·kg^(−1)、ω(Co)12.35 mg·kg^(−1)、ω(Cr)87.68 mg·kg^(−1)、ω(Cu)33.70 mg·kg^(−1)、ω(Mn)668.7 mg·kg^(−1)、ω(Ni)33.99 mg·kg^(−1)、ω(Pb)19.91 mg·kg^(−1)、ω(Zn)88.88 mg·kg^(−1)、ω(As)21.29 mg·kg^(−1)和ω(Hg)0.151 mg·kg^(−1).与《中国土壤元素背景值》相比,Hg含量提高77.41%;Cu和As含量分别提高25.28%和33.06%;而Co和Pb含量低于省域推荐值,分别降低29.83%和36.39%.市域尺度下,贵州省背景土的重金属含量在地理空间上呈西北高、东南低的分布特点,其中,安顺市所有元素的均值水平均超过省域推荐值,超出5%—60%;而黔东南全部未超.主要土类下,黄棕壤土和石灰土表现出对重金属较强的富集特点,其中黄棕壤土在全省的分布与市域推荐值的高值区域基本吻合,毕节的中西部、六盘水和黔西南的北部都以黄棕壤为主要土类,研究涉及的重金属含量普遍偏高.水稻土的重金属含量受成土母质和人为因素的叠加影响,对于地质高背景区和工矿区附近,其含量水平较土类推荐值存在偏低的估计,需要开展针对性的研究工作.省域推荐值对于了解各重金属的实际分布存在局限性,因此,市域推荐值和土类推荐值有助于识别重金属含量的区域性分布特征.

县域乡镇街道重构的驱动机制:以T县街道设置为例

县辖街道已在中国大规模实施,且日渐成为县城建设的重要政策工具,但这一现象尚未引起学界足够关注。论文结合一个县域撤乡镇设街道的现实案例,采用“过程-事件”分析范式,力图打开基层政区改革的“黑箱”决策过程,梳理其调整动因、方案设置与决策考量,并与政区改革三重逻辑理论展开对话,以充分审视并检验乡镇街道重构的动力机制。研究发现,T县街道设置的初始动因与具体方案的设置深受经济发展、权力博弈以及政治妥协相关因素影响,直接表现为捕获以建设用地为主的关键资源,降低开发区运行的不确定性,以及获取行政等级体系中的合法性,体现出市域撤县(市)设区逻辑在县域尺度的重复再生,而与公共服务密切相关的治理因素并未成为方案设置的重要依据。乡镇改街道存在潜在风险,未来应进一步厘清县城建设、城乡融合与街道设置之间的关系,谨防县域街道设置陷入短视化误区,背离其保障城市基层公共服务供给的基本职能。