The Role of Traditional Leaders in Governance Structure Through the Observance of Taboos in Cape Coast,Kumasi and Teshie Societies of Ghana

The specific objective of the study was to identify the role of traditional leaders in Cape Coast,Kumasi and Teshie in the governance structure of their societies through the observance of taboos.It was to have a good understanding of what constitutes governance and good governance in the context of the indigenous set-up;to assess the current nature of governance related taboos;and to evaluate the impact of contemporary society on taboos and the consequence of any impact of contemporary society on the taboos on indigenous governance.The research was guided by Creswell’s knowledge on research paradigm to describe a researcher’s philosophical view and conceptualization of reality.The research adopted mixed method approach in achieving the objective of the research by obtaining empirical data for the research questions.Two sets of instruments were adopted for data gathering.The first instrument was an interview guide that was used to solicit structured data from the respondents in order to elicit more candid and objective replies.The second instrument was a questionnaire,which was used in order to gather the exact responses relevant to the research from participants.The study found out that traditional rulers occupy unique position,hence in order to maintain certain standards to please their subjects on whose authority they rule,they cannot avoid observing taboos.It further showed that the Chieftaincy institution is an institution that cannot be done away with.It is recommended that both citizens and non-citizens in these traditional societies should be made to appreciate,respect and observe taboos associated with taboo days as a means to promote unity,peace and governance.

Science and Technology Associations and Social Governance of Britain in the Middle and Late 19^(th) Century

Civil science and technology associations have been widely springing up everywhere in Britain, especially the new industrial towns in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Associations held various academic activities, organized and funded scientific research, which played an important role in promoting the progress of science and technology and the development of industrial society. Based on case study on British Association for the Advancement of Science and Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society by academic circles at home and abroad, development situation of British science and technology associations in the middle and late 19^(th) century is summarized, and a series of activities of associations participating in industrial and agricultural development and environmental health reform are systematically sorted out, while the promoting role of science and technology associations in the social development of Britain in the 19^(th) century is explored.

Community Governance in Urban Areas from the Perspective of Social Quality Theory

Social quality theory,as a new theory of social development research,is aim ed at studying the overall social situation through a series of social indicators system from which includes four elem ents: socio-econom ic security,social inclusion,social cohesion,social empowerment and participation. Community governance is the basic platform of society governance. The application of social quality approach to study community governance will give us not only a new analytical tool to assess the effect of com munity governance but also decision-making source to formulate community development policy,so as to give a future vision and direction to community development.

Villagers' Self-governance:Predicaments and Counter Measurements

With the reform and opening up of the rural economy and society,the villagers'self-governance has been in a dilemma in the process.The difficulties are mainly in the insufficient functions of the village committee,the lack of financial resources and inadequate human resources.On the analysis of the situations,the paper gives some practical solutions for the villagers'self-governance to get out of the dilemma by strengthening the construction of rural communities,cultivating diversified village self-government organizations,broadening the village's financial sources and developing rural human resources to promote the formation of the rural civil society.

Reconstructing the Data Crime Governance Model from the Perspective of Criminal Compliance

With the advent of the risk society and the era of big data,criminal law must respond to data crime in a more proactive manner.The traditional way of conviction and sentencing adopted by the current criminal law for data crime can no longer meet the requirements of the times.Compliance should be introduced into criminal law to improve the governance system of data crime.There are three ways to incorporate compliance into criminal law:(1)as the exemption cause of enterprise crime;(2)as the general circumstances of sentencing in the General Provisions of Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China;(3)as the special circumstances of sentencing in the Specific Provisions of Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China.The latter two approaches are more suited to China’s national conditions.

Circulating Environmental Logistics Channel for Sustainable Society

This paper suggests the important role of trust as a governance mechanism for the circulating environmental logistics channel for reuse and recycle. Three types of the circulating logistics channels are discussed. The first is the recycle channel, where an actor (a firm) can govern total channel and its flow. In this channel, an actor bears the role of entrance and exit, and processes goods, resources, and waste. It may be called as the closed circulating logistics channel. The second is the recycle channel of kitchen garbage, which is governed by plural actors, such as firms, consumers, and governments, based on trust. This channel may be called as the open circulating logistics channel. The third is the recycle channel with intermediate traders and retailers. This channel may be called as the intermediate circulating logistics channel. It suggests to us that actors with autonomy and volunteerism can promote and make a successful circulating environmental logistic channel under the mutual trust and the cooperative role sharing.

Government Management Innovation in the Age of Big Data

Both opportunities and challenges are currently faced by government management innovation in the age of ＂big data＂. Traditionally, relative studies view the management of governments as the effective means to improve governmental services, without really understanding the structural influence of big data and network technology on governmental mode of thinking. Against such backdrop, this paper tries to conduct critical analysis based upon traditional outcomes in this regard, trying to make full use of the function of big data technology. With these efforts, this paper contributes to the building of an interaction theory that could promote transparency of information and customization and segmentation of the policies. By constructing a mode in which management could be carried out based on the law of big data, by building an information management system in which balance could be achieved between responsibility and freedom, by promoting the rebalancing among public power, online civil society and civil rights, the innovation of governmental management would be achieved.

Trust and Structural Response to Natural Disaster： Some Implications to Government Reform

The Philippine government is a representative democracy. It has three co-equal branches of government namely the executive, legislative, and judicial, operating on the principle of check and balance. Issues that had riddled top officials of government remained unresolved hitherto; and, the local government units had their own lingering issues. The government structure therefore did not seem to have the mechanism to correct itself. This paper argues that responses to, as well as the ensuing conditions of the survivors of natural disasters, are affected by how much trust the incumbents of relevant government structures have of each other and that actors outside of the government hierarchy can offer avenues for reform. Tropical Storm Washi that hit Cagayan de Oro City could be a case in point. It left thousands of people dead or missing, millions of dollars in damages, and thousands of internally displaced persons （IDPs）. The local government, tasked by the local government code to handle matters related to social welfare, did not seem to have performed as expected. In an apparent lack of trust, donor agencies preferred to course cash and relief items through conduits others than the local government. While the system remained unable to correct itself, the victims of the disaster continued to suffer. Civil society organizations and non-government organizations were trying to re-establish people’s trust in the system through legal measures, and hope that electoral reforms could be instituted.

我国城市更新规划的演进与转型——基于“政府—市场—社会”关系分析框架

政府、市场与社会的关系决定城市更新的策略与走向。借鉴“政府—市场—社会”关系分析框架,以北上广深为例,梳理我国特大城市自21世纪以来城市更新的变迁,阐述其规划响应策略。针对近年来我国城市更新规划策略的转向,分析我国宏观社会经济环境的变化,并就城市更新中的“政府—市场—社会”关系进行解读,随后对城市更新中的战略转向进行探讨。

城镇化快速推进背景下新乡村的空间分化及其治理转向

进入新时代以来,城市化的持续扩张和国家乡村振兴战略的积极推进极大地促进了乡村传统物理空间的迭代更新、传统社会空间的现代性转变以及新型数字空间的全面建设。在城镇化发展较为突出的新乡村,乡村社会从静态稳定的空间状态向流动易变的多维空间复合体迅速转型。基于此事实,为了回应时代发展要求,科学建构与乡村社会发展水平相适应的空间治理范式,有必要深入分析城镇化快速推进地区乡村社会在现代化进程中所展现出来的空间机制和空间变化过程,充分揭示其衍生的多维空间张力,从而为新乡村社会空间治理实践提供理论基础。新乡村社会空间治理须注重乡村社会的多维空间特性及其治理的空间内涵,将乡村空间视为重要的实践对象和治理资源,重视空间正义,尊重村民主体性,科学整合多重空间资源,进而推动乡村社会从静态的“空间中治理”到动态的“空间治理”的治理转向。

新时代我国竞技体育发展中政社关系改革的几点思考

为更好适应新时代社会主要矛盾变化,建构我国竞技体育发展新格局,采用文献资料法和访谈法对我国竞技体育发展中政社关系改革问题进行分析。认为,我国竞技体育发展中强政府、弱社会的发展惯性仍需进一步打破,社会自组织的发展能力有待提高,政府管理的角色和职能亟需转变。新时代我国竞技体育发展需重视政社关系改革,从强政府、弱社会转变为强政府、大社会发展格局,政府引导社会力量有序发展,并与社会力量合作构建多元治理机制。具体包括:深化“放管服”改革,竞技体育“举国体制”继续做减法;社会力量加强自身建设,在更多领域发挥更大作用;依据经济发展的阶段性特征,有针对性地扶持社会力量成长;根据参与类别,对社会力量发展提供差异化的帮扶;做好市场监管,引导、规范社会力量成长;积极推进政府元治理、行业自治和多元共治。

面向新污染物风险治理的环境监管

基于新污染物“高生物毒性”“环境持久性”以及“生物累积性”三大特征,在传统生态环境监管思维下,新污染物将引致“累积性环境健康风险”“弥散性生态环境风险”“突发性环境社会风险”,面对这一风险叠加的挑战,传统环境监管面临多重困境:一是现行环境监管体系无法解决新污染物环境健康风险的积极预防性需求;二是常规环境监管体系难以应对新污染物生态环境风险的协同性治理需求;三是传统环境监管模式难以满足新污染物社会风险的应急性防治需求。针对传统生态环境监管存在的以上困境,提出以下符合新污染物治理需求的环境监管优化策略:面向新污染物健康风险更新现有生态环境监管体系;对焦新污染物生态环境风险填补生态环境监管漏洞;因应新污染物社会风险破解生态环境监管失灵。面对新污染物治理的风险挑战,结合生态环境监管优化的相关策略,生态环境监管转型的任务应包括以下3个方面:一是确立风险的“积极预防”目标更新生态环境监管体系;二是以全过程、动态化风险协同防控思路补强生态环境监管链条;三是以建构环境社会风险弹性治理机制完善生态环境监管模式。而根据以上思路,面向新污染物风险治理的环境监管优化又蕴含了需从治理的立法目标、规制范围与规范体系等路径,探索制度完善的需求,相应的具体规范内容包括确立生态环境一般法中风险的“积极预防”原则及其适用规则,借鉴“生命周期治理”理念设立新污染物风险全过程协同治理的类型化规则以及构建新污染物环境社会风险的弹性化治理制度等方面。

纵横协同:新乡贤文化建设的双重路径

新乡贤文化是由传统乡贤文化创造性转化、创新性发展而来的新型文化形态,以其独特作用助推乡村全面振兴。政府和社会是新乡贤文化建设的两种力量,并以此形成了政府主导式建设路径和社会主动式建设路径。政府主导式建设路径以做好顶层设计、整合各种资源、注重授权赋能为主要抓手,通过行政纵向推动力量引领新乡贤文化建设;社会主动式建设路径则以乡村内生力量、特色化的优势资源和参与式行动为依托,通过内生横向协商方式践行新乡贤文化建设。双重建设路径虽共存于乡村场域,但二者属性不同,需通过纵横协同形成新乡贤文化建设的强大合力,使新乡贤文化建设更具持续性和实效性。习近平文化思想为双重路径的纵横协同提供了强大思想武器和科学行动指南,双重建设路径应顺应时代新要求,遵循互嵌互融逻辑,在互动-嵌入-融合中实现纵横协同,共同服务于新乡贤文化建设。

以人口高质量发展积极应对人口老龄化:内在逻辑与治理进路

人口老龄化是人口高质量发展的重要背景,人口高质量发展则为积极应对人口老龄化提供人口要素的支撑。结合人口高质量发展与积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的行动目标,在厘清二者辩证关系的基础上,需从激活老年群体价值潜力,完善终身教育体系,统筹“一老一小”服务,面向老龄社会需求优化人力资源分布等方面着手,找准共同进路,把握机遇挑战,在中国式现代化进程中不断夯实高质量的人口要素基础,积极应对人口老龄化。

日本政府推进数字化转型的战略举措及启示

数字化转型对于日本有效应对人口老龄化、自然灾害频发、基础设施老化、数据流动风险等现实挑战具有举足轻重的作用。分析了日本数字化转型面临的国际国内形势,梳理和研究了日本政府推进数字化转型、打造数字社会的法律体制保障和政策部署,并在此基础上分析和总结日本数字化转型过程的特点和启示供相关部门参考。

智慧社会背景下网络犯罪治理研究

在智慧社会背景下,很多传统犯罪向网络犯罪模式迁移。网络犯罪具有罪名转向多元化、犯罪组织化与分散化并存、作案方式向精准化发展等特点。尽管网络犯罪的出现时间不长,但当前网络犯罪治理中仍存在社会治理形态不适合网络犯罪案件、案件管辖难、侦查难、网络平台综合治理难、专业人才缺乏等困境。为了在智慧社会背景下更高效地治理网络犯罪,应当坚持智慧理念,构建智慧治理网络犯罪新格局;完善相关法律衔接机制与协作机制,便于管辖;智慧赋能,破解侦查困境;加强网络犯罪综合管理;提升人才培养质效。

政策激活自治:农村公共品有效供给的实践路径——以人居环境整治为例

在农村公共品供给中,一些村庄在政策的牵引下,动员村庄精英和普通村民积极参与公共品供给的民主实践,从而激活了村庄潜在的治理能力,实现了公共品的有效供给。这种现象可称之为“政策激活自治”。公共品供给政策的灵活性、以村干部为核心的组织动员能力以及以小组为单位的内生性治理能力构成了政策激活自治的政策、组织和社会基础。基于公共品分类的视角可发现,政策的牵引效应主要作用于与农民关系紧密、投入较少的建设项目上,而对与农民关系松散、投入较多的公共项目作用有限。政策激活自治的存在,启发我们在公共品供给中掌握政策统一性和灵活性的平衡,区分不同项目与农民的利益链接,通过适当的政策激发村民参与的积极性。

中国老龄社会治理评估指标体系建构与实证研究

老龄社会治理是实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的重要方面,构建中国老龄社会治理评估指标体系对推进老龄社会治理体系和治理能力现代化具有重要意义。本文基于老龄社会治理内涵,结合党的十八大以来关于社会治理、老龄社会应对举措以及学术界相关研究,从治理主体、治理能力、治理过程和治理绩效四个维度逐层分解形成了包含15个要素层和65个指标层的指标体系。本文采用AHP-熵值法计算指标体系权重并对全国老龄社会治理水平进行评价,结果表明我国区域间和区域内老龄社会治理水平呈现出不均衡的状态。耦合协调性分析发现,我国老龄社会治理耦合协调度普遍偏低,治理主体发展滞后是制约老龄社会治理水平提升的关键环节。为此,要进一步推动经济高质量发展,加强党建引领,健全协同治理机制,提高老龄社会治理效能。

老龄社会健康风险与韧性治理

随着中国进入老龄社会,人口老龄化呈现规模大、增速快、水平高、差异大和结构稳的显著特点。老年群体健康问题凸显,老龄社会健康风险成为亟待关注的重要治理议题,传统治理模式效果欠佳,需要引入韧性治理以快速、积极和高效地应对风险冲击和挑战。中国老龄社会健康风险是在人口老龄化迅速加深和老年群体健康问题显现双重叠加下产生的,以老年人健康问题为核心,给人口和社会可持续发展带来高度不确定性、损失性和复杂性的多维风险,具有基础性、系统性和全人群全周期性等特点。为此,老龄社会健康风险的韧性治理需要以老年群体韧性实现的动态过程为核心,以全人群全周期、动态调适和分类管理为原则性理念,以过程管理为主要手段,以多元主体协同为基本结构,以预防、减轻和化解健康风险及其后果为根本目标,化危为机。未来,中国在老龄社会健康风险治理上还需要坚持全球视野和跨学科视角,为健康老龄化的全球治理贡献中国经验。