Comprehensive Evaluation on the Level of Agricultural Economic Development in Hubei Province Based on Principal Component Analysis

[Objectives]Hubei Province has a superior geographical location,and is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,with pleasant climate and abundant natural resources.It is an important province of population,agriculture and resources in China.[Methods]Based on the data of Statistical Yearbook of Hubei 2018,the agricultural economic indicators of the cities and prefectures in Hubei Province were analyzed with principal component analysis method by using SPSS19.0.[Results]The comprehensive scores and rankings of the agricultural economic development level of the 17 cities and prefectures in Hubei Province were obtained.They were divided into four agricultural development levels.[Conclusions]According to the analysis results,corresponding policy recommendations were put forward to promote the development of agricultural economy in Hubei Province.

Evaluation and Selection of Sealants and Fillers Using Principal Component Analysis for Cracks in Asphalt Concrete Pavements

The objective of this paper was to develop a comprehensive evaluation method and index to evaluate the performance of sealants and fillers for cracks in asphalt concrete pavements using the method of principal component analysis. The performance experiments including cone penetration, softening point, flow, resilience and tension at low temperature respectively were conducted by reference of ASTM D5329 for eight sealants and fillers often used in China. There by a principal component model was developed and weight of every index was calculated. The experimental results show that there are significantly different performances for sealants and fillers often used in China. Principal component analysis is an objective method that evaluates and selects the performance of sealants and fillers for cracks in asphalt concrete pavements.

Comparison between PCA and KPCA methods in comprehensive evaluation of robotic kinematic dexterity

Due to the correlation and diversity of robotic kinematic dexterity indexes, the principal component analysis （PCA） and kernel principal component analysis （KPCA） based on linear dimension reduction and nonlinear dimension reduction principle could be respectively introduced into comprehensive kinematic dexterity performance evaluation of space 3R robot of different tasks. By comparing different dimension reduction effects, the KPCA method could deal more effectively with the nonlinear relationship among different single kinematic dexterity indexes, and its calculation result is more reasonable for containing more comprehensive information. KPCA＇ s calculation provides scientific basis for optimum order of robotic tasks, and furthermore a new optimization method for robotic task selection is proposed based on various performance indexes.

A New Comprehensive Evaluation System for Thermo-Tolerance in Tomato at Different Growth Stage

With global warming, heat stress is becoming a more frequent event and a major limiting factor for crop production. The evaluation of thermo-tolerance is essential for the cultivators to obtain the heat resistant genotypes and breeders to improve the thermo-tolerance of plants. Therefore, it is very important to perfect the existing evaluation system for thermo-tolerance. In this study, 30 tomato genotypes were treated with heat stress at germination, seedling and flowering stages. Each index was different and diverse in different tomato genotypes by doing variability analysis, difference analysis and Student＇s t test. Before principal component analysis （PCA）, a positive treatment for the negative and moderation indexes was performed. After correlation analysis, the authors performed PCA （including dimensionality reduction （DR）, no dimensionality reduction （NDR） and optimal index （OI））, combining with subordinate function （SF）, weight and cluster analysis. No matter at germination or seedling stage, the members of the groups were basically identical for DR, NDR and OI. Then 10 tomato genotypes were chosen from 30 randomly for verification. Compared all the evaluation systems, OI was the simplest and also could get as credible results as other methods. Therefore, in this study, OI could be adopted and improve the efficiency during the evaluation. At germination stage, germination power （GP） can accurately evaluate the thermo-tolerance, and at seedling stage, it was fresh weight （FW）, internode length （IL） and dry matter percentage of seedling （DMP）. Finally, all the indexes in the three stages were applied correlation analysis. Seedling stage showed significant positive correlation with flowering stage. In conclusion, this work improves the current system and set up a new comprehensive evaluation method named OI, which also improves the efficiency, guarantees reliability in screening thermo-tolerance of tomato for cultivators and expedites the process of breeding for resistance.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Aluminum Tolerance in Sugarcane Varieties at the Seedling Stage and Screening of Identification Indexes

[Objectives]Aluminum toxicity is one of the important stress factors affecting sugarcane quality and yield in south China,breeding aluminum tolerant varieties is a cost-effective and practical way.In order to explore the characteristics of aluminum toxicity tolerance in different sugarcane varieties and establish the comprehensive evaluation system for screening and breeding new varieties with aluminum toxicity tolerance,this study was conducted to perform comprehensive evaluation of aluminum tolerance in different sugarcane varieties and screening of identification indexes.[Methods]With 26 sugarcane varieties bred in different ecological areas as materials,through a pot experiment,nine indexes which include sugarcane plant height,root length,shoot dry weight,root dry weight,root-shoot ratio,relative chlorophyll content,leaf proline content,and shoot and root aluminum contents at the seedling stage under acid-aluminum stress and control conditions were measured,and the aluminum toxicity tolerance coefficients of various indexes of each variety were calculated.On this basis,the aluminum tolerance of all varieties was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis,subordinate function,cluster analysis and stepwise regression analysis.[Results]Compared with the control,the nine indexes showed more abundant variation among the 26 varieties under acid-aluminum stress.The correlation analysis confirmed that the contributions of the nine measured indexes to aluminum tolerance were significantly overlapped,and the subsequent principal component analysis summarized and combined the ones with strong correlation among the nine indexes,converting them into two new independent comprehensive indexes.The cumulative contribution rate showed that the two new indexes covered 82.448%of the information of the original nine indexes.Then,the comprehensive evaluation D values of the acid-aluminum tolerance of the 26 varieties were calculated based on the subordinate function values combined with the weights of the contribution rates of the two new comprehensive indexes.By clustering analysis on the D values,the 26 varieties were divided into 3 groups.Three varieties with the highest D values among the 26 varieties,Yunzhe 11-1074,Zhongtang 2 and Haizhe 28,were classified as varieties with strong aluminum tolerance,and 11 varieties including Yuegan 56 and Guitang 58,were moderately aluminum tolerant,while 12 varieties including Haizhe 32 and Yunrui 10-187 were sensitive to aluminum stress.Finally,the optimal regression equation analysis was carried out with the comprehensive evaluation D value of aluminum tolerance as the dependent variable and the aluminum toxicity tolerance coefficients of various indexes as independent variables,and the evaluation model of aluminum tolerance in sugarcane was established.Root length,root dry weight,relative chlorophyll content,leaf proline content,shoot aluminum content and root aluminum content,which had significant effects on aluminum tolerance of sugarcane seedlings,were selected as the evaluation indexes of acid-aluminum tolerance of sugarcane seedlings.[Conclusions]This study not only obtained a number of aluminum-tolerant varieties,but also provides a theoretical basis and reference for future genetic breeding of aluminum-tolerant sugarcane.

Spatial Statistical Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of High-Tech Industry Development

After 30 years of economic development, the high-tech industry has played an important role in China’s national economy. The development of high-level technological industry plays a leading role in guiding the transformation of China’s economy from “investment-driven” to “technology-driven”. The high-tech industry represents the future industrial development direction and plays a positive role in promoting the transformation of traditional industries. The rapid development of high-tech industry is the key to social progress. In this paper, the traditional analytical model of statistics is combined with principal component analysis and spatial analysis, and R language is used to express the analytical results intuitively on the map. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation is established.

Equipment damage measurement method of wartime based on FCE-PCA-RF

As the“engine”of equipment continuous operation and repeated operation, equipment maintenance support plays a more prominent role in the confrontation of symmetrical combat systems. As the basis and guide for the planning and implementation of equipment maintenance tasks, the equipment damage measurement is an important guarantee for the effective implementation of maintenance support. Firstly,this article comprehensively analyses the influence factors to damage measurement from the enemy’s attributes, our attributes and the battlefield environment starting from the basic problem of wartime equipment damage measurement. Secondly, this article determines the key factors based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE) and performed principal component analysis (PCA) on the key factors. Finally, the principal components representing more than 85%of the data features are taken as the input and the equipment damage quantity is taken as the output. The data are trained and tested by artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF). In a word, FCE-PCA-RF can be used as a reference for the research of equipment damage estimation in wartime.

Water Quality Analysis of Fuping Section of the Shichuan River Based on Different Evaluation Methods

In order to study the water quality of the Shichuan River basin in Fuping,Shaanxi Province,based on improved Nemerow index method,comprehensive pollution index method and principal component analysis method,eight water quality indexes such as pH,dissolved oxygen(DO),total dissolved solids(TDS),COD,total hardness,total phosphorus,total nitrogen and Zn in three monitoring sections of Fuping section of the Shichuan River in Shaanxi Province were detected and analyzed.The results show that the water quality of the surface water in the Shichuan River basin is gradeⅢorⅣwater,that is,the water is slightly polluted and moderately polluted.It is necessary to monitor the water quality after regulation and clarify the main factors causing the water pollution.

Coupling Degree Evaluation of China’s Internet Financial Ecosystem Based on Entropy Method and Principal Component Analysis

This paper attempts to evaluate the coordinated development state of the subsystems within the internet financial ecosystem in China from 2011 to 2016.Focusing on the main business modes,technological innovation,and the external environment,we select 29 indicators to construct an index system and adopt a coupling coordination degree model for evaluation.Furthermore,we use two weight calculation methods,entropy weight and principal component analysis,to ensure the robustness of the results.The empirical results show that China’s internet financial ecosystem experienced five development stages from 2011 to 2016,which are moderate disorder,near disorder,weak coordination,intermediate coordination,and good coordination.Different methods of obtaining weights have little effect on the empirical results.These findings suggest that at the beginning,the coordinated development of China’s internet financial ecosystem was hindered by factors including the scarcity of main business modes and the defect of technological innovation;then,with the rapid development of China’s internet industry,the external environment became another drawback in coordinated development.Finally,based on the findings,we give some policy recommendations from a global perspective to achieve a sustainable internet financial ecosystem.

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Quality in Chinese Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Radish （Raphanus sativus L.） is an important vegetable crop worldwide. High nutritional quality was critical in its genetic improvement and production. The nutritional quality of 42 Chinese radish cultivars was analyzed in this study. The contents of six nutritional facts, dry matter （DM）, crude fiber （CF）, total soluble sugar （TSS）, vitamin C （Vc）, protein, and nitrate, ranged from 29.7 to 88.2, 4.507 to 18.546, 2.233 to 15.457, 0.1416 to 0.3341, 0.34 to 1.15, and 1.81 to 5.89 g·kg^-1 fresh weight （FW）, respectively. Significant differences among the 42 radish cultivars were detected in the contents of nutritional facts. The data were subjected to cross-correlation analysis and principal component analysis （PCA）. It was found that DM content was positively correlated with the content of TSS （r=0.7104）, Vc （r=0.4011） and protein （r=0.4120）. Vitamin C （Vc） content of radish showed a positive correlation （r = 0.3300） with the protein content. According to the principal component analysis, out of the 42 radish cultivars, Nau-17, Nau-28, Nau-6, Nau-11, Nau-10, Nau-27, and Nau-31 were detected with very high scores in comprehensive evaluation. It could be concluded that abundant diversity of nutritional fact content occurred in different radish genotypes, and PCA analysis was effective for selecting radish germplasm with high quality. The results could contribute useful knowledge of nutritional quality, and provide important germplasms for the elite cultivar development and the inheritance study of nutritional facts in radish.

玉米籽粒后熟品质性状主成分分析与综合评价

为科学评价玉米在后熟阶段籽粒的生理特征和营养品质,对郑单958(Zd958)和先玉335(Xy335)两个品种玉米籽粒在后熟过程中的14个生理生化和品质性状指标,包括水分含量与状态、呼吸速率、可溶性糖含量、α-淀粉酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、过氧化物酶活性、己糖激酶活性、异柠檬酸脱氢酶活性、脂肪酸值、淀粉含量、千粒质量和快消化淀粉含量变化进行分析与综合评价。结果表明,玉米籽粒在后熟过程中的品质性状变化存在显著差异(P<0.05)。运用主成分分析法对玉米籽粒后熟品质性状进行综合评价,提取出不耐储因子、产量因子和消化特征因子3个主成分。3个主成分的贡献率分别为53.436%、18.466%和12.857%,累计贡献率为84.759%。根据综合分析F值变化规律,可以对玉米的后熟品质与后熟时间进行判定。新收获玉米Zd958和Xy335的后熟时间分别为50、30d。本研究结果可以为新玉米后熟品质的判定及玉米的加工利用提供参考。

新疆高粱种质资源萌发期抗旱性综合评价

为研究新疆本土高粱(Sorghum)种质资源的抗旱性并筛选萌发期有效抗旱指标,以来源于不同地区的207份高粱种质资源为研究对象,采用PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫条件,对高粱萌发相关的10个指标进行分析,在主成分分析基础上采用隶属函数法对各高粱品种的抗旱性进行综合评价。结果表明:在干旱胁迫下,高粱的各萌发指标均受到影响。其中,相对发芽势与萌发抗旱指数相关性最强,前3个主成分累计贡献率为78.328%,分别反映高粱在干旱胁迫下的生长、萌发及发育情况。根据综合得分将207份种质划分为5类,即高度抗旱种质12份、抗旱种质28份、中等抗旱种质87份、干旱敏感种质64份和高度敏感种质16份。筛选出高粱萌发期抗旱性鉴定的重要指标为相对芽鲜重、萌发抗旱指数、相对干物质转运率,建立了可准确评估高粱萌发期抗旱性的回归方程,为高粱萌发期抗旱性种质筛选提供理论依据。

基于主成分及聚类分析的药用菊花品种产量与品质综合评价

为防止品种混杂,筛选药用或茶用菊花的专用品种,以不同产地来源的8个药用菊花品种16个样品为试材,采用超高效液相色谱法和比色法测定不同产地药用菊花的品质成分含量;并基于主成分分析和聚类分析,对不同产地药用菊花品种产量与品质进行综合评价。结果表明,不同产地药用菊花品种单株花头数变异系数(39.03%)最大,是构成药用菊花单株花头干重的主要因素(r=0.800),以枣庄红心菊单株花头数(496.50)最多、单株花头干重最高;绿原酸、3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸和总黄酮等药效成分在不同来源的样本中差异显著(P<0.05),上述三种成分在滁州产滁菊中相对含量较高,分别为3.75%、8.07%、16.08%,这与其品质成分综合评价结果一致,说明滁州滁菊药效较优。13个性状指标的主成分分析提取出药效因子、高产因子、总黄酮因子和花径因子4个主成分,其累计贡献率为84.34%;综合评价得分排在前3位的依次为枣庄引种的红心菊、早小洋菊、滁菊。结合聚类分析结果,判定在原产地,滁州滁菊适于药用;在枣庄引种地,红心菊为优选的高产品种,早小洋菊为综合品质优良的品种。通过建立药用菊花品种产量和品质的综合评价体系,可为我国药茶两用菊花新品种的引种筛选和药食同源利用提供理论依据。

云南不同品种核桃果实品质分析与综合评价

为了探究云南主栽核桃和薄壳山核桃果实的品质评价指标,选取27个核桃品种果实,对矿质元素、蛋白脂、粗脂肪等12个营养指标进行变异和相关性分析,并采用主成分和聚类分析方法,进行分类与综合评价。结果表明:12个营养指标的含量变异较为丰富,变异系数的变化范围为5%~83%,其中VC变异系数最大,粗脂肪变异系数最小;9种矿质元素平均含量从高到低依次为:K>P>Mg>Ca>Mn>Na>Fe>Zn>Cu,蛋白质含量均值为15.62%,脂肪含量均值为68.63%,VC的平均含量为4.66 mg/100 g;相关性分析表明,12个营养指标之间,P、Fe、Mg、Ca、Cu均与蛋白质呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关;主成分分析进行综合评价筛选出品质最佳的核桃品种为‘香茶’‘永平’‘晚熟’和‘小圆果’,薄壳山核桃中品种‘卡多’综合表现较好;聚类分析结果显示,可将其分为两大类,即富含矿质元素类群和高脂肪含量类群;相关性分析和主成分分析结果显示,K、Fe、Mg、Ca、Cu元素、蛋白质、脂肪为评价云南不同品种核桃品质的关键性指标。薄壳山核桃适合榨油,22种主栽核桃适合直接食用或开发富矿质元素和高蛋白的功能饮料。研究明确了云南核桃品质评价的关键指标并探明品质特性,提供科学分类方法,为云南核桃品质评价体系的构建奠定理论依据。

基于主成分分析和聚类分析的李子果实品质综合评价

为了解不同品种李子的品质特性,本文选取12个品种李子作为研究对象,分别从外观、理化及糖酸组成等方面对果实品质进行了对比分析,同时采用主成分分析和聚类分析对李子品质性状进行综合评价。结果表明,不同品种李子外观、理化和糖酸组成等指标均表现出丰富的多样性。糖酸组成、色泽、单果重、果实密度和果形指数等是评价李子综合品质的关键性指标。12个品种中‘紫皇’(ZH)‘圣雪珀’(SXP)‘爱丽丝’(ALS)‘香李’(XL)‘香甜李’(XTL)5个品种综合评分为正值,品质较好。其中,ZH和SXP品质特征为出汁率、可溶性固形物、总糖含量及色泽品质高;ALS品质特征为总糖、总甜度、甜酸比和糖酸比最高;XL和XTL品质特征为可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比、甜酸比高,但出汁率低。该研究结果可作为不同用途李子品种筛选的重要参考依据。

30个鲜食枣种质果实品质综合评价

为筛选果实综合性状良好的鲜食枣品种,以30个不同鲜食枣种质为研究对象,选取8个外观品质指标和6个内在品质指标,采用相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析方法综合评价鲜食枣果实品质。结果表明,不同枣种质的果实品质性状差异明显,变异系数为9.10%~29.95%,b^(*)值的变异系数最大,L^(*)值的变异系数最小。主成分分析得到特征值大于1的4个主成分,累计方差贡献率为81.08%,根据主成分分析结果进行计算并排序,综合评价前5位为Z2-5、N-2、Z-6、灵武长枣4号、N-3,果实品质较好。结合相关性和聚类分析,将鲜食枣果实品质指标简化为6个,为b^(*)值、可滴定酸含量、单果重、果形指数、维生素C含量、可溶性固形物含量。研究结果为鲜食枣种质资源的评价和品种选育提供了参考。

柑橘果实矿质元素、活性物质含量特征及综合评价

【目的】通过对不同柑橘品种矿质元素、酚类物质含量及抗氧化性能的分析,筛选高营养价值的柑橘资源。【方法】以13个柑橘品种为试验材料,分析果实的8种矿质元素、总黄酮、总酚含量及3种抗氧化性能指标,采用相关性、PCA及热图聚类分析等多元统计方法对果实营养成分进行综合评价。【结果】果肉和果皮中8种矿质元素含量的变异系数分别为11.10%~41.26%和15.62%~46.23%,平均含量在果肉中从高到低为K>Ca>P>Mg>Na>Fe>Mn>Zn,果皮中排序为K>Ca>P>Mg>Na>Mn>Fe>Zn。柑橘是高K低Na水果,其中Ca、Mn在果皮中的含量高于果肉,而P相反。总黄酮和总酚含量均以酸橙最高,茶枝柑次高。采用抗氧化能力综合评价法得到排名前3的柑橘品种依次为酸橙、高橙、塔罗科血橙。通过PCA分析,得到3个主成分,累积贡献率为77.939%。【结论】柑橘矿质元素分布存在空间特异性,不同品种酚类物质含量存在较大差异,以酸橙、青瓯柑、媛小春和塔罗科血橙的矿质元素、活性物质含量较高。研究结果为柑橘优良品种的筛选、培育及功能食品的开发提供数据支撑和参考。

谷子育成品种萌芽期耐冷性综合评价

黑龙江地处高纬度地区,谷子播种后萌发期冷害频繁发生,造成出苗缓慢、出苗不齐、缺苗,是限制本地区谷子产量和品质的关键性因素,鉴定谷子耐冷性并筛选耐冷评价指标,可为耐冷谷子品种选育提供理论依据并对谷子安全生产具有重要意义。以52个谷子育成品种为研究对象,设置12个萌发期冷胁迫处理,以发芽率为指标探讨了谷子萌发期耐冷性的适宜鉴定方法。低温胁迫后测量了发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、芽长、根长、芽鲜重、根鲜重7个指标的耐冷系数,运用隶属函数分析、主成分分析、相关分析和聚类分析法对参试品种的耐冷性进行了综合评价和归类,并采用逐步回归分析建立了耐冷性预测回归方程。结果表明, 8℃低温处理7 d,谷子品种发芽率的变异幅度最大,能较好地鉴别品种间耐冷性差异,是谷子萌发期耐冷性鉴定的最适宜条件;低温胁迫后7个鉴定指标均低28℃对照处理,但各指标间降低程度不同;利用主成分分析将7个单项指标转化为3个独立的综合指标,主成分分析表明,芽长、芽鲜重和根鲜重最能代表谷子萌发期对低温胁迫后的响应情况,可作为萌发期耐冷性鉴定的评价指标。通过聚类分析,将52个谷子品种划分为3类,筛选出嫩选14、朝谷14、蒙黑谷8号等17个高度耐冷品种,以及鲁谷7号、晋谷20等15个冷敏感品种,这些品种可为耐冷育种和谷子生产提供种质基础。

32个菠菜品种对镉胁迫的生长响应及耐镉性评价

镉(Cadmium,Cd)是一种剧毒重金属元素,鉴定耐Cd菠菜品种并筛选相关鉴定指标,为耐Cd菠菜品种的选育提供理论依据。选用国内32个菠菜品种,采用Hoagland水培溶液加入CdCl2·2.5H2O模拟大田试验,在Cd胁迫(Cd浓度50μmol/L)和对照(Cd浓度0μmol/L)处理20 d,待菠菜成熟期,测定其农艺性状和Cd含量。通过主成分分析、隶属函数分析、相关性分析评价各菠菜品种的综合耐Cd能力。结果表明,Cd胁迫条件下参试品种的株高、根长、地下部鲜质量、地上部鲜质量、地上部Cd含量、地下部Cd含量和转运系数与对照相比均存在显著差异;Cd胁迫下,菠菜的生长、生物量积累均受到抑制,各性状指标均明显下降,各农艺指标平均降幅排序依次为地上部鲜质量>株高>地下部鲜质量>根长。对7个指标的耐Cd系数进行主成分分析,选择了3个主成分,累计方差贡献率达81.552%;综合评价值(D值)与株高、地下部鲜质量、地上部鲜质量、地上部Cd含量、转运系数均呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),这些指标可以作为菠菜耐Cd能力评价的首选指标。根据主成分分析,将32份菠菜品种划分为耐Cd性强、中等和Cd敏感型3种类型,金格和微兰为耐Cd性强品种,德赛176为Cd敏感品种。

11个柠檬砧木种质对淹水胁迫的生理响应及耐涝性评价

探究不同砧木种质植株对淹水胁迫的生理响应及耐涝性,可为柠檬耐涝砧木选育及抗涝机理研究提供理论依据。以11个柠檬砧木种质当年生实生苗为供试材料,设置正常水分管理(对照)和持续淹水处理,通过测定相对电导率、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、丙二醛含量和过氧化氢酶活性等指标研究各种质对淹水胁迫的生理响应,进一步通过主成分分析和隶属函数法对各种质的耐涝性进行综合评价,最后根据综合评价值对砧木种质进行聚类分析。结果表明,淹水胁迫后,不同砧木种质的相对电导率均增加,叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量均降低,可溶性糖、丙二醛含量和过氧化氢活性在不同种质中呈现升高或降低的变化趋势。在供试种质中,白[木黎]檬1号、酸橙和香橙强耐涝,泰国香橼和白[木黎]檬2号较强耐涝,大果红[木黎]檬、酸柚、酸桔和小青柠中等耐涝,红柠檬和粗柠檬不耐涝。