Cooperation between China and Germany for twenty years as well as development of international welding training and qualification in China

Chinese Welding Training and Qualification Committee (CANB) was awarded the authorisation of IIW in 2000, and has issued nearly 2000 IIW diplomas by the end of 2004. Since Harbin Welding Training Institute(WTI Harbin) was founded based on Sino-German cooperation in 1984, it has trained all kinds of welding personnel 20000 and it made important contribution to the up-to-date system introduction of international welding training to China. The common questions in Germany foreign aid programs are: when German experts were on site, the project was on the operation; when he/they left, only memory was left. The outstanding achievements of Harbin Welding Training Institute tell us: when German experts were away, the cooperation program is not only run normally, but also gets persistent development, it is the successful model among the cooperation projects between China and Germany.

Dimensionality Reduction with Input Training Neural Network and Its Application in Chemical Process Modelling

Many applications of principal component analysis (PCA) can be found in dimensionality reduction. But linear PCA method is not well suitable for nonlinear chemical processes. A new PCA method based on im-proved input training neural network (IT-NN) is proposed for the nonlinear system modelling in this paper. Mo-mentum factor and adaptive learning rate are introduced into learning algorithm to improve the training speed of IT-NN. Contrasting to the auto-associative neural network (ANN), IT-NN has less hidden layers and higher training speed. The effectiveness is illustrated through a comparison of IT-NN with linear PCA and ANN with experiments. Moreover, the IT-NN is combined with RBF neural network (RBF-NN) to model the yields of ethylene and propyl-ene in the naphtha pyrolysis system. From the illustrative example and practical application, IT-NN combined with RBF-NN is an effective method of nonlinear chemical process modelling.

聚焦园长行为胜任力的提升:新加坡Principal Matters园长培训项目的探索与启示

园长培训是提升和促进园长专业发展的重要手段。新加坡Principal Matters园长培训项目,致力于提升园长的行为胜任力。该项目培训主体多元互补,打破培训领域单一壁垒;培训内容聚焦园长行为胜任力,并研制行为胜任力模型;培训形式创新且与行为胜任力提升相匹配;注重行为胜任力提升效果的实时监测与后期验证,在实践中取得了良好成效。可为我国园长培训项目的改善及高素质专业化的园长队伍建设提供启示与参考。

Landscape of Scholarship on Principal Training in China from 1989 to 2008

The past two decades have witnessed the great developments in principal training in China.Research on principal training in China is increasing in quantity and quality with its expanding practice.The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyze the changing landscape of scholarship on principal training in China by examining the quantity of publications,themes covered,methodological approaches and the status of articles published from 1989 to 2008,as listed in the Chinese Database of Journals.This is the first serious academic effort to review and reflect on the Chinese scholarship of principal training and school leadership development.In conclusion,suggestions are outlined for future development of this academic field in China.

Hidden Constructs on Graduate Employability Decisions: The Principal Component Factor

This study adopted the quantitative research design to unearth hidden factors which go into graduate employability decisions. Purposive sampling technique was used to select graduates, institutions and industries within Takoradi, Cape Coast, Kumasi and Accra metropolis all in Ghana. Three different questionnaires inter-spaced with interviews were designed and used to collect data from the field according to a pre-determined stratified scheme. A total of 200 informants including 68 industries, 120 graduates and 12 institutions were used. The data was coded and keyed into SPSS version 20. Tables and Charts were used to explore the data. Principal component (PC) analysis was employed to extract hidden factors industries consider in graduate employability decisions. The PC method identified and extracted six hidden factors: ability to set SMART goals and structure actions;ability to demonstrate a willingness to embrace new systems, processes, technology and ideas;a determined, committed, resilient, and focused person;a person with passion for driving profit;ability to deconstruct a problem or situation;and clear and unprompted ability to present information to a group. These six hidden factors could explain 68.8% of the variances in graduate employability decisions. We recommend that internships be properly planned and executed with the involvement of industry players, facilitators of learning, and the ministry of trade and industries. In addition, facilitators should inculcate into students’ important traits and attributes identified in this study.

Influence of principal stress rotation of unequal tensile and compressive stress amplitudes on characteristics of soft clay

Soil behavior can reflect the characteristics of principal stress rotation under dynamic wave and traffic loads. Unequal amplitudes of tensile and compressive stresses applied to soils have complex effects on foundation soils in comparison with the pure principal stress rotation path. A series of undrained cyclic hollow torsional shear tests were performed on typical remolded soft clay from the Hexi area of Nanjing, China. The main control parameters were the tensile and compressive stress amplitude ratio(α) and the cyclic dynamic stress ratio(η). It was found that the critical η tended to remain constant at 0.13, when the value of the compressive stress amplitude was higher than the tensile stress amplitude. However, the influence of the tensile stress was limited by the dynamic stress level when α= 1.For obvious structural change in the soil, the corresponding numbers of cyclic vibration cycles were found to be independent of α at low stress levels and were only related to η. Finally, a new method for evaluating the failure of remolded soft clay was presented. It considers the influence of the tensile and compressive stresses which caused by complex stress paths of the principal stress rotation. This criterion can distinguish stable, critical, and destructive states based on the pore-water-pressure-strain coupling curve while also providing a range of failure strain and vibration cycles. These results provide the theoretical support for systematic studies of principal stress rotation using constitutive models.

The Qualification Problem of ESP Teachers in Vocational & Technical Colleges

The role technical and vocational education plays in Chinese educational system is more and more important.However,the quality of vocational and technical teaching,especially ESP(English for Specific Purposes) teaching in vocational and technical colleges neither meets the social requirements nor satisfies students' needs.This paper sets out to explore thequalification problem of ESP teachersand discuss the appropriate approaches to improve teaching level of ESP teachersin Chinese vocational &technicalcolleges.

欧盟职业教育高质量发展的政策逻辑解构:教育培训计划与评价参照框架

新兴数字技术发展、人口流动加速、全球气候变暖等因素加剧了欧盟教育的结构性变革。通过制定教育和培训计划,欧盟从中长期宏观政策规划层面明确了教育发展的战略目标与评价基准,推动了各类区域教育指标体系的建立与推广。欧盟重视职业教育的高质量发展与区域协同,基于欧盟教育和培训计划制定了欧盟职业教育与培训质量保证参照框架,涵盖三个层级的治理结构,四个环节的质量保证周期,适切全纳的指示性描述符,以及可量化的质量保证参照指标,为欧盟成员国职业教育高质量发展提供了评价指标框架与政策实施参照。欧盟职业教育高质量发展的政策体系与实施逻辑对我国职业教育高质量发展有以下借鉴:第一,基于经济社会发展现实,推进数字技术支撑的职业教育质量评价体系建设;第二,塑造全民终身学习文化,构建基于资历衔接的职业教育高质量发展体系;第三,契合数字学习环境与生态系统,促进职业教育高质量发展的可持续性;第四,衔接全球化和大移民趋势,发展国际对接的职业教育与培训质量保证体系。

香港地区幼儿园园长培训的制度设计与启示——领导发展的视角

国际上关于个体层面领导发展的基本框架包括经验与学习、技能、人格和自我发展等四个维度。香港地区在幼儿园园长培训的制度设计方面,体现出基于人格和技能的园长专业素质设定、基于经验和学习的“拟任—初入职—在职园长”培训体系和基于自我发展的园长参与式培训形式等特点。为保证园长培训制度的顺利进行,香港地区还建立了基于可持续发展的园长培训支持系统。以上特点为内地建立科学合理的园长培训制度,提高园长培训质量提供了启示。

中小学校长培训的历史发展、实践进路与未来展望

加强中小学校长队伍建设,是事关教育质量和教育健康可持续发展的关键因素。1949年以来,我国中小学校长培训经历了发轫奠基、全面发展、专业规范和深化创新四个阶段,并积累了丰富的经验,不断推进校长队伍专业化,构建了纵横交错的教育体系,坚持分类分层培养并形成了多元参与的校长培训格局。进一步推进中小学校长培训的科学化和专业化,还需要夯实理论基础、厘清主体关系、创新培训模式和科学评估培训质量,用科学的理论指导中小学校长培训工作实践。

英国游戏工作的专业化发展及启示

游戏工作是在儿童游戏空间中支持和促进儿童游戏过程的高技能职业。英国通过确立游戏工作原则、制定职业标准、提供职业资格认证和实施职业培训等手段来支持和促进游戏工作的专业化发展。游戏工作原则确定了游戏工作的职业与道德框架;职业标准明晰了游戏工作所需的核心能力;职业资格为游戏工作提供了系统且清晰的职业发展体系;职业培训不断推动游戏工作的专业与可持续发展。这些都为中国游戏工作的推进与发展提供了宝贵的启示。

动态空心圆柱扭剪试验的离散元模拟研究

为了揭示应力主轴旋转效应对土体宏细观动力特性的影响,提出土体动态空心圆柱扭剪试验的数值模拟方法,该方法采用FDM-DEM耦合技术模拟物理试验中的完全柔性边界条件,并基于动态伺服原理实现柔性约束下循环动剪应力的精确加载。以重载列车荷载为例,建立“心形”复杂应力路径下重载铁路路基土体动态空心圆柱扭剪的数值试验模型,并通过物理试验验证数值模拟方法的正确性,分析应力主轴旋转效应对土体颗粒的运动状态、局部孔隙率、平均配位数、组构等细观特性的影响。研究结果表明,重载列车荷载引起的应力主轴旋转效应加剧了表征土体细观结构各项参数的变化程度,并加快了重载铁路路基土体竖向塑性累积变形的发展。此研究实现了复杂应力路径下空心圆柱试样的动态加载数值模拟,可为阐明土体在复杂应力路径下的宏细观动力特性演化规律提供参考。

异地委托式骨干校长跟岗研修培训体系之探讨——以援疆项目为例

异地委托式骨干校长跟岗研修培训需要依据校长专业标准,结合委托方的组织要求与学员的培训需求来设计研修方案。其中跟岗研修的对象体系、内容体系、方法体系、基地体系及评价体系是培训设计的基础框架,对其进行系统研究是设计好培训的前提,也是提高培训实效性的关键。

新时代中小学名校长的特质及其培养路径

在新时代高质量教育体系建设的背景下,如何培养和造就名校长,如何让名校长传承教育家精神,如何让更多的名校长成就更多的名校已成为全社会日益关注的问题。通过对教育行政部门、名校长培养对象、学者三类主体对名校长特质的勾勒,进一步明确新时代名校长应具有思想力、变革力、辐射力的特质,新时代名校长的培养和成长应遵循的路径为:教育实践中注重对话反思,提升名校长的思想力;办学智慧具化为迭代行动,提升名校长的变革力;具身体验中思考教育公平,增强名校长的辐射力。

基于预训练模型的中心分级燃烧室燃烧振荡 预报方法

为促进实现燃气轮机燃烧室中的燃烧振荡预报,提出一种结合预训练和迁移学习的研究思路。在预训练阶段,开展短火焰筒和长火焰筒下两类火焰图像的对比学习以完成编码器的自监督预训练。在迁移阶段,除了对特征编码构建线性分类器的直接迁移,本文还提出将工况参数作为先验条件的贝叶斯迁移学习。结果表明,在两种迁移学习方式下预训练模型相比传统监督学习模型具有4.6%左右的性能提升。同时基于贝叶斯推断的迁移学习相比直接迁移鲁棒性更好。通过主成分分析和分层聚类,验证预训练模型能够提取火焰图像更为通用的热声特征。

印尼雅万高速铁路运维人员培训体系设计与实施研究

高速铁路的安全高效运营对于国家交通系统的可持续发展至关重要,而运维人员的专业培训是确保其正常运营的基石。为解决雅万高速铁路开通运营和可持续发展所需运维人力资源问题,基于雅万高速铁路运营管理模式,依托我国高速铁路运维管理标准和规范,以ADDIE模型为理论基础,分培训需求分析、培训体系设计、培训内容开发、培训体系实施以及培训评估5个阶段,构建了适用于雅万高速铁路的扁平化运维人员培训体系,涵盖新员工资格性培训和在岗人员适应性培训,探索形成了中印尼培训机构分工协作模式,制定了培训内容和培训评估方法,确保培训的协同推进。研究为雅万高速铁路的运营和发展提供可靠的人力支持,也为面向海外高速铁路的运维人员培训提供了有益参考。

托育专业人才资格准入的国际经验

高质量的托育服务对儿童发展具有深远影响。受过良好专业教育和实践经验丰富的托育专业人才队伍是保证托育服务高质量发展的关键。国际发达国家对托育专业人才已有一套完备的准入机制,如设立全国统一托育专业人才资格证和在法律层面明确托育人员的资格要求等。然而,我国目前尚缺乏托育人员准入的具体要求和完善的培养体系。本文通过系统回顾美、德、日、韩四国在托育人才资格准入方面的经验,旨在探讨适用于我国的准入机制,为我国托育专业人才队伍建设提供借鉴。研究发现,美国与德国都在联邦层面上设立了各州均认可的托育专业人才资格证,各州的健康部门规定了具体的准入要求,如学历、工作经验、培训等要求。日本和韩国在法律层面对托育从业人员提出了统一的资格要求,并规定了获取资格证必需的学历教育课程要求等。提示我国需要进一步完善托育专业人员的资格证制度,并促进职业教育与准入资格相连接。此外,还需要从学历教育、课程内容、学习时长和工作经验等多方面做出明确的规定。

中美游泳救生员培训比较分析与对策研究

近年来,随着人们健康意识的不断提高、全民游泳的热潮兴起,游泳运动逐渐成为大众主动健康的优选运动方式之一。然而,在我国游泳运动人数激增的同时也导致了意外溺水事故的增多,这与游泳场馆的救生员业务水平不高有直接关系。另一方面,我国水上救生事业发展时间较短,对救生员的培训在形式和内容上与国际救生先进水平还存在一定差距。因此,如何提高我国救生培训质量、完善游泳救生培训体系成为亟待解决的问题。作为现今世界公认的救生水平较高的国家,美国具有救生技术完善、救生设备先进、救生培训体系完善等特点,且具有一定代表性。鉴于此,本文对中美游泳救生员进行培训任务、初测指标、教材内容选择、课程时长、培训内容、器材使用情况、考核评价等方面的比较,分析出中美游泳救生员培训存在的共同点和差异点,旨在从中探寻适合我国救生员培训的方式方法,以期完善我国游泳救生员培训体系。

基于训练集聚类选择优化的CPU功耗建模精度提升方法

建立高精度、低开销的CPU功耗模型对于计算机系统的功耗管理与功耗优化至关重要。一般认为训练集规模越大,CPU功耗模型精度越高。但有研究发现增大训练集规模不一定会提高功耗建模精度,有时甚至会导致精度下降,因此,如何选择功耗模型训练集以保证CPU功耗模型精度达到要求具有重要意义。文中提出一种基于聚类的训练集选择优化算法来解决上述问题,在有效保证CPU功耗建模精度的同时降低了CPU功耗建模的开销。该算法首先通过主成分分析将基于PMC的程序特征转换为p维向量特征空间,然后根据找到的最优聚类数按照程序特征对程序进行聚类,从每个聚类簇中选出代表程序;最后根据“单聚类簇内代表性最强原则”与“多聚类簇间代表程序数最少原则”形成最优训练集,模型精度相比Baseline精度有明显提高。在x86和ARM两类处理器平台上分别采用线性功耗建模和神经网络功耗建模两种方式,对算法进行了实验评估,实验结果表明所提算法的功耗建模精度有效显著提升。

强化内科病例讨论对执业医师资格考试的影响

目的探讨强化内科病例讨论是否可以提高参加住院医师的执业医师资格考试(medical practitioner qualification examination,MPQE)成绩。方法选取2019年8月和2020年8月进入广州医科大学附属第一医院内科和全科住培的住院医师46人,参加强化内科病例讨论者纳入观察组(n=17),未参加讨论者纳入对照组(n=29)。比较两组的MPQE成绩,分析参加或倾听强化内科病例讨论次数与MPQE成绩的关系,调查两组对强化内科病例讨论的满意度。结果观察组MPQE理论成绩(433.12±34.65)分明显高于对照组(413.24±30.63)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组参加强化内科病例讨论次数与MPQE理论成绩呈正相关(r=0.600,P=0.011);对照组倾听强化内科病例讨论频次与MPQE理论成绩呈正相关(r=0.559,P=0.002)。两组对强化内科病例讨论的内容和过程的满意度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论强化内科病例讨论能够提高住院医师的MPQE成绩。