Evolution of Principal Contradiction Facing Chinese Society and the CPC Leadership over Economic Work

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has separated China’s evolving principal social contradictions into four different stages.Based on the assessment of principal social contradictions at different points in time,the CPC enacted different economic policies.During 1949-1956,based on the recognition of class struggle as China’s principal social contradiction,the Party focused its economic policies on socialist transformation and established the foundation for the public sector of the economy.During 1956-1978,amid flip-flops in the Party’s assessment of whether class struggle or backward productive forces were the principal contradiction,China’s economic development suffered some setbacks,but the vision for building an industrial country remained unchanged,and resources were focused on developing major national industrial projects.During 1978-2019,the Party focused on economic development and reform and opening up in pursuit of the realization of grand economic development goals based on the assessment that China’s principal social contradiction was between people’s ever-growing material and cultural needs and China’s relatively backward social productive forces.In 2017,the 19th CPC National Congress made the important political assessment that China’s principal social contradiction had transformed into the contradiction between people’s ever-growing need for a better life and China’s unbalanced and inadequate development,and proposed new development concepts to lead the Chinese people on a new journey towards the second centennial goal.The most important experience of the CPC’s economic work is analyzing and solving problems based on Marxist ideology and methodology.

Principal Leadership Constructs School-based- curriculum and Shapes School Culture for Teaching and Learning: Rooting on Core Competence

Rooting on the context of accelerating and rapid societal change and global competence trend,this study explored the meaning of core competence,roles of schooling for cultivating students to be holistic person and strategies for shaping competence-oriented school campus culture.The related literature this study reviewed include the meaning of core competence,curriculum program and teaching design for oriented competence in schools,strategies to shape school culture for teaching and learning of oriented competence,and integrated comment.In order to achieve the research purposes,this study adopted the interview and document analysis to collect data.According to the literature review,interview,document analysis,result and discussion,this study proposed conclusions in the following directions:1)The meaning of core competence;2)The main point of global competence;3)School is a learning organization and learning base within competence oriented school campus;4)Principals play the roles of vision leadership,instructional leadership and curriculum leadership;5)Teachers play the roles for shaping competence oriented school campus culture;6)The strategies of shaping competence oriented school campus culture;7)The process and related factors of constructing school-based curriculum.Finally,researchers proposed reflection for this study.

Resolving the“Matteo Ricci Puzzle”:Top-Level Design of the Grand Canal of China Based on the Ternary Leadership Theory

Guided by the ternary leadership theory from the perspective of social psychology,this paper explores the impacts of authoritarian,benevolent,and moral leadership on the top design of the Grand Canal of China in terms of its water management practice,while providing reference for resolving the“Matteo Ricci Puzzle”.The research findings are threefold:first,authoritarian as it is,the central government of China formulates relevant laws and regulations to provide legal system insurance for the construction of the Grand Canal Cultural Belt,thus providing the blueprint for constructing the“bright cultural belt,green ecological belt and colorful tourism belt of the Grand Canal”.Second,led by the Central Government,sticking to benevolent and moral leadership,China advocates scientific water management concepts and methods,and gives long-term and comprehensive care to the well-being of the people along the banks of the Grand Canal.Finally,the top-level design of the Grand Canal of China is based on the ternary leadership theory rooted in social psychology and has formulated a set of properly-scheduled,reasonably-coordinated,and flexibly-operated management system for the fundamental interests of the people and long-term goals of the country.

An Analysis of the Development of Middle Leaders in Chinese Secondary Schools:The Role of the Principal

Numerous studies conducted on educational leadership have generally emphasized the role of principal,whereas,research on middle leadership remains limited[1].The purpose of this paper is to explore and investigate the development of middle leadership and seeks to fill in the gap by providing the analysis from a Chinese context.The author found that middle leaders are positioning at a challenging role,in which they are required to take charge of responsibilities of both a leader and a teacher,and in the meantime,they also need to negotiate between the senior leader,the colleagues.and subordinates.Furthermore,personal factors such as self-awareness and resilience are discovered to be pivotal for middle-leadership development.Apart from that,the principal plays a critical role in establishing collaborative school culture that facilitates the development of middle leaders based on the influences from the school’s history,culture,and policies.

The principal moments of inertia calculated with the hydrostatic equilibrium figure of the Earth

As an indication of the Earth＇s mass distribution, the principal moments of inertia （PMOI, i.e., A, B, C） of the Earth are the basic parameters in studies of the global dynamics of the earth, like earth nutation, and the geophysics. From the aspect of observation, the PMOI can be calculated from the spherical coefficients of observed gravity field. In this paper, the PMOI are calculated directly according to its definition with the figures of the Earth＇s interior derived by a generalized theory of the hydrostatic equilibrium figure of the Earth. We obtain that the angle between the principal axis of the maximum moment of PMOI and the rotational axis is 0.184~, which means that the other two principal axes are very closely in the equatorial plane. Meanwhile, B-A is 1.60 x 10-5 MR2, and the global dynamical flattening （H） is calculated to be 3.29587 ~ 10-3, which is 0.67% different from the latest observation derived value Hobs（3.273795 × 10 ^-3） （Petit and Luzum, 2010）, and this is a significant improvement from the 1.1% difference between the value of H derived from traditional theories of the figure of the Earth and the value of Hobs. It shows that we can calculate the PMOI and H with an appropriate accuracy by a gener- alized theory of the hydrostatic equilibrium figure of the Earth.

The Impact of Spiritual Leadership on Employee’s Work Engagement--A Study Based on the Mediating Effect of Goal Self-Concordance and Self-Efficacy

The average stress of people in China’s workplace is reaching the peak in recent two years.To improve employee’s positive psychological factors,Spiritual leadership has a good performance in this regard.Based on the mediating effect of goal self-concordance and self-efficacy,this paper further studies the impact of spiritual leadership on employee’s work engagement.Through the empirical study,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)Spiritual leadership significantly positively affects the employee’s work engagement.(2)Spiritual leadership has a significant positive effect on goal self-concordance and self-efficacy.(3)Goal self-concordance and self-efficacy have significant positive effects on employee’s work engagement.(4)Goal self-concordance and self-efficacy play a partial mediating role in the process of spiritual leadership’s impact on employees’work engagement.This study found the new mediator which partly revealed the mechanism between the effectiveness of Spiritual Leadership and employee’s work engagement.This study may serve as one of the researches for improving the effectiveness of leaders in organizations and promoting the motivation of employees in the workplace.

Effective Education in a College in Bangladesh: From Managerial to Transformational Leadership

This paper is a study on the compulsion of transformational leadership from the part of the principal of this era when the demography of the students are changing exponentially, when the globe is experiencing massive changes in methods and techniques in educational process but the institutions remain the same as its ethics and operational strategies. The time is eloping when an educational head earns praises due to their prominence and performance in managerial functioning. But this paper tends to focus on several persisting challenges in these educational institutions like huge gap between teacher-student ratio, students’ increasing technological oriented learning, teachers’ lack of knowledge of multimedia class operation, girls’ little rate of enrolment in higher level of education, early marriage of school going girls and ensuring quality education to girls as per the demand of SDG 4 by 2030. This paper fosters the idea that a transformational head of the institution can be successful in this chase of challenges as he involves everyone to activities in order to reach goal. He works with the other members as a team member and thus a challenge of an institution turns to be liability to all.

Shear wave splitting analysis of local earthquakes from dense arrays in Shimian,Sichuan

The Shimian area of Sichuan sits at the junction of the Bayan Har block.Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block,and Yangtze block,where several faults intersect.This region features intense tectonic activity and frequent earthquakes.In this study,we used local seismic waveform data recorded using dense arrays deployed in the Shimian area to obtain the shear wave splitting parameters at 55 seismic stations and thereby determine the crustal anisotropic characteristics of the region.We then analyzed the crustal stress pattern and tectonic setting and explored their relationship in the study area.Although some stations returned a polarization direction of NNW-SSE.a dominant polarization direction of NW-SE was obtained for the fast shear wave at most seismic stations in the study area.The polarization directions of the fast shear wave were highly consistent throughout the study-area.This orientation was in accordance with the direction of the regional principal compressive stress and parallel to the trend of the Xianshuihe and Daliangshan faults.The distribution of crustal anisotropy in this area was affected by the regional tectonic stress field and the fault structures.The mean delay time between fast and slow shear waves was 3.83 ms/km.slightly greater than the values obtained in other regions of Sichuan.This indicates that the crustal media in our study area had a high anisotropic strength and also reveals the influence of tectonic complexity resulting from the intersection of multiple faults on the strength of seismic anisotropy.

The Communist Party of China Has Always Been the Firm Core of Leadership for China's Human Rights Development and Progress

Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,the human rights cause in China has developed and progressed through the period of democratic revolution,the early founding of the People’s Republic of China,the new period of reform and openingup,and the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics.all previous national Congresses of the Communist Party of China have made illustrations and arrangements on human rights issues,and the successive Party leaders have made important expositions on human rights issues.The Party and the state have enacted a series of policies,laws,and regulations to protect human rights in various periods.China has made historic and great achievements in human rights practice and created a human rights development path suited to China’s national conditions.China’s human rights development over the past century has fully proved that the CPC has always been,and it remains,the firm core of leadership for China’s human rights development and progress.

The CPC as the Core of Leadership Guiding the Development of China’s Human Rights Cause

Full enjoyment of human rights, a lofty ideal pursued by the human race for a long time, is what the people of contemporary China have spared no ef- forts to attain. The Chinese people were virtually denied human fights when the ＂three large mountains＂-- imperialism, feudalism and the bureaucratic bour- geoisie - oppressed them. To achieve national liberation, independence, de- mocracy, freedom and human fights, the unyielding Chinese people fought protracted struggles for which they made huge sacrifices.

校长领导力研究热点及前沿趋势——基于CiteSpace知识图谱分析

“校长领导力”是衡量学校发展水平的重要指标,是促进学校变革的强大动力之一。在教育高质量发展的新要求下,提升校长的领导力有重要现实意义。本研究以“校长领导力”为主题词,在中国知网(CNKI)检索2004—2022年间关于“校长领导力”的核心期刊并进行可视化图谱分析。研究发现:围绕校长领导力的研究具有较强持续性,发文量先增后降;研究力量较为分散,尚未形成较大规模的核心团队;国内研究主要围绕以下三个方面展开,即概念界定、分析维度、主体角色。通过分析校长领导力研究的热点与前沿,本研究提出以下建议:未来研究应着力构建中国特色校长领导力话语体系,加强县域校长领导力研究,探寻高质量教育体系下校长领导力提升策略。

校长领导力策略影响家长参与学校治理——以M市S校为例

现代学校办学呼唤多元主体共治。然而,以“校长领导力;家长参与”的组合关键词搜索CNKI中国期刊全文数据库,可检索出的相关文献近30年只有5篇。文章基于个案访谈数据分析,试图探知校长如何运用领导力策略影响家长参与学校治理。研究发现,校长娴熟应用不同策略,与家长保持畅通互动:一是以名声与魅力感召家长,二是建立文化纽带,三是规范家长参与机制和边界,四是反复沟通。此外,家长在参与过程中对于孩子获取良好学业成绩的优先考量,影响着校长的领导行为。校长必须在愿景和学业成就方面考虑多元而相互冲突的期望,进行思考鉴别,从而列出一个优先发展的顺序,保障实现办学目标。

幼儿园园长领导力城乡差异及影响因素分析

园长领导力是决定一所幼儿园保教质量的关键因素。本研究利用文献分析法和德尔菲法构建了由学校文化领导力、人力资源领导力、保育教育领导力和行政管理领导力四个维度组成的园长领导力指标体系,并根据该指标体系设计了幼儿园园长领导力调查问卷。在使用SPSS 26.0对2 177份有效样本进行分析后,结果表明:我国幼儿园园长自我感知的领导力总体水平较高,但是领导力各个维度发展不均衡,城乡之间以及不同园长个体的领导力差异较大。城乡幼儿园园长总体领导力以及领导力各维度和各指标上均呈现出统计学上的差异,城镇幼儿园园长领导力水平显著高于农村园长。职务、年龄、教龄、职称,任职幼儿园的性质、等级、所在位置、规模,以及园长年培训次数均能预测园长的领导力水平。基于研究结果,本研究提出城乡园长领导力的改进对策:盯紧“关键少数”,为城乡园长的职业发展提供支持性环境;加强城乡互动,构建城乡园长领导能力发展共同体;充分发挥园长主观能动作用,全面提升自身领导能力。

“一所看得见未来的儿童大学”:教授校长治校理念的创生与探索

为发挥大学服务基础教育均衡发展的作用,2021年,上海师范大学委派笔者担任上海师范大学附属第五实验学校的创校校长。基于多年的基础教育研究和管理经验,笔者确立了“一所看得见未来的儿童大学”的办学理念,以及“为未来而教,为未来而学”的教学目标,树立儿童主体性地位,培养服务儿童未来发展的教师,开发服务儿童未来生活的课程,旨在培养与未来同行的大格局、宽视野、优表达、精实践、强创造的儿童。

校长积极领导力何以重要?——论其在学校背景与学生成绩之间的中介效应

“缺陷弥补”的教育治理范式带来了诸多问题,“优势发展”范式下的校长积极领导力有助于塑造学校发展新动能。目前对校长积极领导力的效能研究尚不多见,且已有研究暂未将学校背景作为前因变量纳入模型进行系统化探讨。本研究利用省域大规模调查数据,构建结构方程模型,探究学校背景、校长积极领导力对学生成绩的影响机制。研究发现:校长积极领导力作为结构性潜变量,对学生成绩产生显著正向影响;且在学校背景对学生成绩产生影响的过程中具有显著的中介效应;学校办学自主权类型不同,校长积极领导力的影响机制也有所差异。建议教育管理部门应强调校长积极领导力的重要性,提升校长的情境智力,构建家校协同育人支持系统,有效保障学校自主办学空间。

校长领导力与专业学习社群:国际研究与中国声音

近年来,专业学习社群这一话题得到中国在内的世界多个国家的关注,而校长领导力和专业学习社群有着密切联系。面对大量关于二者关系的已有研究,有必要展开系统综述,以了解现有研究共识并从中洞察未来研究旨趣。由此,考察了2010年以来八大教育领导核心期刊以及教育研究国际权威期刊发表的关于校长领导力与专业学习社群关系的论文,呈现既有研究的概貌。在此基础上,由面到点,聚焦国内相关研究,选择了两篇由中国学者发表的具有代表性的论文进行剖析。校长领导力对专业学习社群具有促进作用已成共识,伴随着方法多元性的增加,亟需更多、更深入的研究。最后,基于已有研究,探讨了中国式教师专业学习社群的独特之处,以及中国情境下校长领导力如何有益于专业学习社群、校长领导力与专业学习社群关系的研究如何为国际社会提供借鉴。

新时代中小学名校长的特质及其培养路径

在新时代高质量教育体系建设的背景下,如何培养和造就名校长,如何让名校长传承教育家精神,如何让更多的名校长成就更多的名校已成为全社会日益关注的问题。通过对教育行政部门、名校长培养对象、学者三类主体对名校长特质的勾勒,进一步明确新时代名校长应具有思想力、变革力、辐射力的特质,新时代名校长的培养和成长应遵循的路径为:教育实践中注重对话反思,提升名校长的思想力;办学智慧具化为迭代行动,提升名校长的变革力;具身体验中思考教育公平,增强名校长的辐射力。

1995年武定6.5级地震余震的S波分裂

1995年 10月 2 4日云南武定发生MS6 5地震。分析田心三分向数字记录 ,从 77个余震中获得 45个余震的S波分裂数据。快速S波偏振有两个优势取向 ,分别为N32°E和N94°E ,二者与震源应力场的主压应力方向N140°E相差甚大 ,不是应力场导致的EDA裂隙系各向异性结果。武定地震发生在近南北走向的汤朗—易门断裂被次级的北西向断裂交切的地区。快S波N32°E偏振方向与汤朗—易门断裂走向接近 ,且又与震源S波固有偏振方向相同 ,难以辨别是构造抑或是应力引起的各向异性结果。分析认为 ,N94°E偏振方向是北西向断层系各向异性产生。两个偏振方向是在同一台站观测到 。