A distinct method to show a quantum object behaving both as wave and as particle is proposed and described in some detail. We make a systematic analysis using the elementary methodology of quantum mechanics upon Young...A distinct method to show a quantum object behaving both as wave and as particle is proposed and described in some detail. We make a systematic analysis using the elementary methodology of quantum mechanics upon Young＇s two-slit interferometer and the Mach-Zehnder two-arm interferometer with the focus placed on how to measure the interference pattern （wave nature） and the which-way information （particle nature） of quantum objects. We design several schemes to simultaneously acquire the which-way information for an individual quantum object and the high-contrast interference pattern for an ensemble of these quantum objects by placing two sets of measurement instruments that are well separated in space and whose perturbation of each other is negligibly small within the interferometer at the same time. Yet, improper arrangement and cooperation of these two sets of measurement instruments in the interferometer would lead to failure of simultaneous observation of wave and particle behaviors. The internal freedoms of quantum objects could be harnessed to probe both the which-way information and the interference pattern for the center-of-mass motion. That quantum objects can behave beyond the wave-particle duality and the complementarity principle would stimulate new conceptual examination and exploration of quantum theory at a deeper level.展开更多
Systematic error suppression and test data processing are very important in improving the accuracy and sensitivity of the atom interferometer(AI)-based weak-equivalence-principle(WEP) test in space. Here we present a ...Systematic error suppression and test data processing are very important in improving the accuracy and sensitivity of the atom interferometer(AI)-based weak-equivalence-principle(WEP) test in space. Here we present a spectrum correlation method to investigate the test data of the AI-based WEP test in space by analyzing the characteristics of systematic errors and noises. The power spectrum of the Eotvos coefficient η, systematic errors, and noises in AI-based WEP test in space are analyzed and calculated in detail. By using the method, the WEP violation signal is modulated from direct current(DC) frequency band to alternating current(AC) frequency band. We find that the signal can be effectively extracted and the influence of systematic errors can be greatly suppressed by analyzing the power spectrum of the test data when the spacecraft is in an inertial pointing mode. Furthermore, the relation between the Eotvos coefficient η and the number of measurements is obtained under certain simulated parameters. This method will be useful for both isotopic and nonisotopic AI-based WEP tests in space.展开更多
Coriolis effect is an important error source in the weak equivalence principle(WEP)test using atom interferometer.In this paper,the problem of Coriolis error in WEP test is studied theoretically and experimentally.In ...Coriolis effect is an important error source in the weak equivalence principle(WEP)test using atom interferometer.In this paper,the problem of Coriolis error in WEP test is studied theoretically and experimentally.In theoretical simulation,the Coriolis effect is analyzed by establishing an error model.The measurement errors of Eotvos coefficient(η)in WEP test related to experimental parameters,such as horizontal-velocity difference and horizontal-position difference of atomic clouds,horizontal-position difference of detectors,and rotation compensation of Raman laser’s mirror are calculated.In experimental investigation,the position difference between^85Rb and^87Rb atomic clouds is reduced to 0.1 mm by optimizing the experimental parameters,an alternating detection method is used to suppress the error caused by detection position difference,thus the Coriolis error related to the atomic clouds and detectors is reduced to 1.1 × 10^-9.This Coriolis error is further corrected by com pensating the rotation of Raman laser's mirror,and the total uncertainty o f rj measurement related to the Coriolis effect is reduced as δη=4.4 × 10^-11.展开更多
We theoretically investigate the application of the fringe-locking method（FLM） in the dual-species quantum test of the weak equivalence principle（WEP）.With the FLM,the measurement is performed invariably at the mi...We theoretically investigate the application of the fringe-locking method（FLM） in the dual-species quantum test of the weak equivalence principle（WEP）.With the FLM,the measurement is performed invariably at the midfringe,and the extraction of the phase shift for atom interferometers is linearized.For the simultaneous interferometers,this linearization enables a good common-mode rejection of vibration noise,which is usually the main limit for high precision WEP tests of the dual-species kind.We note that this method also allows for an unbiased determination of the gravity accelerations difference,which meanwhile is ready to be implemented.展开更多
Bohr’s principle of complementarity has a long history and it is an important topic in quantum theory,among which the famous example is the duality relation.The relation between visibilityC and distinguishability D,C...Bohr’s principle of complementarity has a long history and it is an important topic in quantum theory,among which the famous example is the duality relation.The relation between visibilityC and distinguishability D,C2+D2≤1,has long been recognized as the only representative of the duality relation.However,recent researches have shown that this inequality is not good enough because it is not tight for multipath interferometers.Meanwhile,a tight bound for the multipath interferometer has been put forward.Here we design and experimentally implement a three-path interferometer coupling with path indicator states.The wave property of photons is characterized by l1-norm coherence measure,and the particle property is based on distinguishability of the indicator states.The new duality relation of the three-path interferometer is demonstrated in our experiment,which bounds the union of a right triangle and a part of elliptical area inside the quadrant of a unit circle.Data analysis confirms that the new bound is tight for photons in three-path interferometers.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Ministry of Science and Technology of ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences
文摘A distinct method to show a quantum object behaving both as wave and as particle is proposed and described in some detail. We make a systematic analysis using the elementary methodology of quantum mechanics upon Young＇s two-slit interferometer and the Mach-Zehnder two-arm interferometer with the focus placed on how to measure the interference pattern （wave nature） and the which-way information （particle nature） of quantum objects. We design several schemes to simultaneously acquire the which-way information for an individual quantum object and the high-contrast interference pattern for an ensemble of these quantum objects by placing two sets of measurement instruments that are well separated in space and whose perturbation of each other is negligibly small within the interferometer at the same time. Yet, improper arrangement and cooperation of these two sets of measurement instruments in the interferometer would lead to failure of simultaneous observation of wave and particle behaviors. The internal freedoms of quantum objects could be harnessed to probe both the which-way information and the interference pattern for the center-of-mass motion. That quantum objects can behave beyond the wave-particle duality and the complementarity principle would stimulate new conceptual examination and exploration of quantum theory at a deeper level.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.11947057)the Foundation for Distinguished Young Scientist of Jiangxi Province,China(Grant No.2016BCB23009)the Postdoctoral Applied Research Program of Qingdao City,Shandong Province,China(Grant No.62350079311135).
文摘Systematic error suppression and test data processing are very important in improving the accuracy and sensitivity of the atom interferometer(AI)-based weak-equivalence-principle(WEP) test in space. Here we present a spectrum correlation method to investigate the test data of the AI-based WEP test in space by analyzing the characteristics of systematic errors and noises. The power spectrum of the Eotvos coefficient η, systematic errors, and noises in AI-based WEP test in space are analyzed and calculated in detail. By using the method, the WEP violation signal is modulated from direct current(DC) frequency band to alternating current(AC) frequency band. We find that the signal can be effectively extracted and the influence of systematic errors can be greatly suppressed by analyzing the power spectrum of the test data when the spacecraft is in an inertial pointing mode. Furthermore, the relation between the Eotvos coefficient η and the number of measurements is obtained under certain simulated parameters. This method will be useful for both isotopic and nonisotopic AI-based WEP tests in space.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0302002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91736311 and 11574354)+1 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB21010100)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2016300).
文摘Coriolis effect is an important error source in the weak equivalence principle(WEP)test using atom interferometer.In this paper,the problem of Coriolis error in WEP test is studied theoretically and experimentally.In theoretical simulation,the Coriolis effect is analyzed by establishing an error model.The measurement errors of Eotvos coefficient(η)in WEP test related to experimental parameters,such as horizontal-velocity difference and horizontal-position difference of atomic clouds,horizontal-position difference of detectors,and rotation compensation of Raman laser’s mirror are calculated.In experimental investigation,the position difference between^85Rb and^87Rb atomic clouds is reduced to 0.1 mm by optimizing the experimental parameters,an alternating detection method is used to suppress the error caused by detection position difference,thus the Coriolis error related to the atomic clouds and detectors is reduced to 1.1 × 10^-9.This Coriolis error is further corrected by com pensating the rotation of Raman laser's mirror,and the total uncertainty o f rj measurement related to the Coriolis effect is reduced as δη=4.4 × 10^-11.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41127002,11574099,and 11474115)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2010CB832806)
文摘We theoretically investigate the application of the fringe-locking method（FLM） in the dual-species quantum test of the weak equivalence principle（WEP）.With the FLM,the measurement is performed invariably at the midfringe,and the extraction of the phase shift for atom interferometers is linearized.For the simultaneous interferometers,this linearization enables a good common-mode rejection of vibration noise,which is usually the main limit for high precision WEP tests of the dual-species kind.We note that this method also allows for an unbiased determination of the gravity accelerations difference,which meanwhile is ready to be implemented.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2016YFA0302700 and 2017YFA0304100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11822408,11674304,11774335,61490711,11474267,11821404,11325419,11904356,and 91321313)+5 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2017492)the Foundation for Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.YJKYYQ20170032)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDY-SSW-SLH003),the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant Nos.WK2470000026 and WK2030000008)Science Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.ZDRW-XH-2019-1),Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies,China(Grant Nos.AHY020100,AHYPT003,and AHY060300)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents of China(Grant No.BX20180293)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2018M640587).
文摘Bohr’s principle of complementarity has a long history and it is an important topic in quantum theory,among which the famous example is the duality relation.The relation between visibilityC and distinguishability D,C2+D2≤1,has long been recognized as the only representative of the duality relation.However,recent researches have shown that this inequality is not good enough because it is not tight for multipath interferometers.Meanwhile,a tight bound for the multipath interferometer has been put forward.Here we design and experimentally implement a three-path interferometer coupling with path indicator states.The wave property of photons is characterized by l1-norm coherence measure,and the particle property is based on distinguishability of the indicator states.The new duality relation of the three-path interferometer is demonstrated in our experiment,which bounds the union of a right triangle and a part of elliptical area inside the quadrant of a unit circle.Data analysis confirms that the new bound is tight for photons in three-path interferometers.
