Relationship between the Three Laws of Dialectics of Nature and Agricultural Development

Based on the three laws of dialectics of nature-the law of unity of opposites, the law of mutual change of quality and the law of negation of negation, this paper analyzes the relationship between the three laws and agricultural development, and proposes making good use of the three laws to promote the better development of agriculture and realize agricultural modernization.

Taking Nature Seriously： Hegel on Nature and the Education of the Mind

The incredible extent of current environmental destruction justifies the modern concern to resist the alienated view of nature as a resource to exploit a totality of dead and meaningless objects, a totally disenchanted world. In this spirit, modern philosophy tries to take nature seriously by recapturing a sense of nature＇s intrinsic value. Hegel respects nature to the extent that it bears the trace of the human mind, to the extent that it is forced ＂to speak the voice of reason.＂ Although there are grounds for being critical of the Hegelian project, especially because Hegel remains silent on the issue of our duties towards nature for the sake of nature and his argumentation serves the primordial desires of human reasoning and not the rights of nature itself, it is suggested that no matter how much inauthentic and incomplete is the recognition that the human mind acquires in its dialectical confrontations with nature. Hegelian phenomenology grants the human mind with a remarkable degree of self-certainty, necessary for all its subsequent educational enterprises.

The Core Mechanism of Natural Selection: How the Natural Cycle of Potassium Resources Affects the Biological Evolution and the Change of Human Society

Darwin’s theory of evolution believes that biological evolution is a process of natural selection. This theory has been supported by much evidence, but the internal biological mechanism is not clear. Here, I elaborate on the cycle of potassium resources on the earth and the biological utilization and efficiency, which may be the core mechanism of natural selection and affect the evolution of organisms and the development of human society.

Natural Selection and Thermodynamics of Biological Evolution

The author of this article proposes that the representation of Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace’s theory on “variation and selection” in the living world is a reflection of the action of hierarchical thermodynamics. Hierarchical thermodynamics is based on the law of temporal hierarchies and on the principle of substance stability. This principle enables the transmission of thermodynamic information between lower and higher structural hierarchies, in both forward and reverse direction: from nucleic acids to higher structural hierarchies and back. The principle of substance stability, in fact, is the main dynamical and thermodynamic mechanism of natural selection. It is alleged that the natural selection of atoms, molecules, organisms, populations, and other hierarchical structures takes place under the action of a variety of internal factors within organisms and the external environmental factors that can be considered as tropisms. Forms (design) of living organisms are formed as a result of spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes that lead to the adaptation of living systems to the environment. The selection is carried out as a result of the impacts of different energy types and the principle of substance stability at all levels of hierarchical structures. Actions of tropisms are presented by various members of the generalized Gibbs equation.

Kosik＇s Dialectics of Concrete Totality

Setting out from the categories of totality and histori（ci）sm in Kosik＇s Dialectics of the Concrete, we look at the relationship between theory and praxis： empty, abstract totality versus concrete, reified and alienated practice （Lukacs, Habermas, Honneth）; a bad totality, in which the real polydimensional subject is replaced by the one-dimensional, mythologized, fetishized, and economistically reduced ＂subject＂ of consummation （Marcuse, Baudrillard）. The dialectics of concrete totality implies a marxistic critique of the ethical and juristic universalism, in the context of the ＂positive＂ side of globalization and political unilateralism, as a concrete, militant, hegemonistic, post-colonial, and neo-imperial practice （Apel, Habermas, Chomsky, Zinoviev）; globalization as totali（tari）zation, the ＂last man,＂ the ＂end of history,＂ and the ＂end＂ of dialectics in its neo-liberal, eschatological, empty ideological ＂realization＂ （Hegel, Marx, Fukuyama, Arendt）; the totality of the （invariable） being as a pseudo-concrete and pseudo-dialectical ontologistic speculation （Heidegger）： A ＂return＂ to a concrete history and a return of the ＂positive＂ dialectics as a critical awareness, mind, and method in the discourse ＂game＂ of human＇s cognitive, creative, and practical powers. The assumption of Kosik＇s humanism is a synchrony of nature and history in the ＂absolute＂ totality of human＇s concrete existence （Lukacs, Goldmann, Adorno, Sartre, Kosik）.

Squaring the Dialectic of Inference and Chance

Instead of merely inferring that our beliefs are in a correlation to the facts, I will contend that what matters is the logic of their inferential structure. This will reveal what is actually true for their relation and not just real for experience. Given one and two-sided inferences, the conditions of their functional relation will be consistent within a square of opposition; for contraries, contradictions and sub-contraries in a way that probability theory is not. Within this model of inferences, the two-sided concept of inferences will also have a modal value for its relation to the one-sided concept of inferences. Proposing that empirical, formal, speculative, and an Intuitionist Speculative understanding of logic will have a modal identity within a dialectical principle.

Representation of the Basic Laws of Thermodynamics in Quantum Mechanics

We propose a representation of the basic laws, namely the zeroth, first, second and third law, in quantum thermodynamics. The zeroth law is represented by some parameters () that specify respective quantum states. The parameters are the elements of thermodynamic state space. The introduction of such parameters is based on a probabilistic nature of quantum theory. A quantum analog of the first law can be established by utilizing these parameters. The notion of heat in quantum systems is clarified from the probabilistic point of view in quantum theory. The representation of the second law can be naturally described in terms of these parameters introduced for the respective quantum systems. In obtaining the representation of quantum thermodynamics, consistency between quantum theory and classical thermodynamics should have been preserved throughout our formulation of quantum thermodynamics. After establishing the representation of the second law, the third law is discussed briefly. The relationship between thermodynamic temperatures and the parameters in is also discussed.

The research on philosophy thought of quantum theory——The discussion about Bohr＇s and Heisenberg＇s natural science philosophy outlook

Analysises and resrarches into Bohr’s quantum dialectics of nature of mutual complement and Heisenberg’s quantumphilosophy outlook. It gets a deeper and more systematic comgnition and comprehension to quantum theory philosophy thought.

The Application of Natural Elements in Interior Landscape Design and its Principal Analysis

The rapid development of the decoration industry creates a good development space for interior decoration,and the public pays more attention to the integration of natural elements in the process of interior decoration.In this regard,this article introduces the ways in which natural elements are embodied in indoor landscapes,and expounds the principles of using natural elements in indoor landscapes,hoping to provide references for relevant personnel.

Selection of Night Roosting-Sites for Blue-Eared Pheasants in Breeding Season

[ Objective] To represent characteristics of roosting-sites of blue-eared pheasant （ Crossoptilon auritum） in breeding season and the fac- tors affecting selection of roosting-sites. [ Method] A total of 32 night roosting-sites of blue-eared pheasants and 45 control sites were selected from the Gahai-Zecha Nature Reserve in Gansu Province in breeding season. Fifteen habitat factors including landform, vegetation and distance were surveyed. Chi-square test and test of significance were conducted. And major environmental factors affecting selection of roosting-sites were deter- mined by principal component analysis. [ Result] As shown by the chi-square analysis, roosting-sites were characterized by sunny slope; steeper slope; higher arbor coverage, arbor height and trunk diameter; and lower shrub coverage, shrub height, grass coverage and grass height. The principal component analysis showed that shrub coverage, shrub height, distance to road, moss coverage and grass height were the key factors for the blue-eared pheasants to choose roosting-sites. [ Conclusion] Blue-eared pheasants usually select coniferous forest on sunny and steeper slope which has many high shrubs as their night roosting-sites.

Beyond Morality:Han Fei’s Unconventional Insights Into Human Nature

Han Fei presented a thought-provoking perspective on human nature and its implications for governance.Departing from traditional moral doctrines,Han Fei’s“non-moralistic”philosophy posited that human nature is inherently self-interested and driven by personal gain.In this paper,we explore Han Fei’s keen insights into human nature and its practical application in political governance.His emphasis on aligning political strategies with human inclinations,rather than relying solely on moral preaching,highlights the complexity and pragmatism of his approach.However,we also examine the limitations of his philosophy,particularly in disregarding individual differences and idealism.By striking a balance between political expediency and moral considerations,Han Fei’s ideas continue to resonate with contemporary discussions on governance and human behavior.This study calls for a reflective and cautious assessment of the implications of Han Fei’s“non-moralistic”thought in today’s society.

自然人犯罪案件刑事合规的理论证成及其适用限度

自然人犯罪案件是指在刑事诉讼程序中仅对自然人展开刑事追诉的案件。自然人犯罪案件适用刑事合规仍然具有预防犯罪价值、社会公共利益价值,符合合作规制理论;刑事合规对企业经营自主权的干预具有正当性依据;对自然人刑事责任的减免亦符合刑事法原理,因而自然人犯罪案件适用刑事合规能得到理论证成。由于我国民营企业尚处于发展阶段,司法实践中单位犯罪的范围被明显限缩,对自然人犯罪案件适用刑事合规亦有其现实理由。但上述做法只在企业对自然人犯罪具有犯罪学意义上的影响力且同意合规的情况下才能适用,且合规的实施必须遵循比例原则,自然人刑事责任减免亦须以罪责刑相适应原则为限度。

长期建藏与对口援藏——新中国的西藏建设叙事考论

长期建藏是新时代党的治藏方略的重要原则之一,对口援藏是党的一贯政策。西藏和平解放至改革开放前,中央关心西藏、全国支援西藏的口号是“长期建藏、边疆为家”。改革开放至党的十八大前,对口援藏或援藏的叙事比较流行。看似简单的话语转换,反映了改革开放前后两个历史时期、两种经济体制下中央关于西藏建设的不同思考与政策变化。党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央,既坚持长期建藏又强调对口援藏,实现了两者辩证统一,共同推进西藏高质量发展。

收益系统观视角下的森林碳汇资源资产价值实现机制建构

森林碳汇资源资产价值的实现在全民所有自然资源资产所有权委托代理机制试点目标实现过程中扮演着重要角色。基于“现状分析—观念提出—理论搭建—制度建构”的思维脉络,对森林碳汇资源资产价值实现问题进行了探索,以期为“落实所有者权益”目标实现提供新的思路。通过森林蓄积量扩展法和市场价值法测算了中国近4次森林资源清查的森林碳汇价值存量,发现我国森林碳汇价值存量具有总量大且持续增长的特征,说明研究森林碳汇价值实现具有重要意义。进一步梳理政府公开资料发现,虽然森林碳汇拥有巨大价值存量,但真正能够转化为收益的价值存量占比较低,各地林区广泛依赖政府财政支出或补贴的方式维持经营管理,因此如何创新森林碳汇价值实现模式、将价值存量最大化转换为资产收益、切实落实森林碳汇资源资产所有者权益是亟待解答的重要问题。凝练马克思辩证唯物主义系统观核心内涵,深入自然资源资产价值实现实践,提出“收益系统观”的研究思路,从全局观、链条观、发展观的视角进行机制设计。“收益系统观”是将自然资源经济价值实现等同于资产收益实现,从收益的获得出发,到“全民共享”目标达到结束,为每一关键节点设计机制要素,以打通收益实现的制度链条,真正实现森林碳汇资源资产经济价值,切实落实收益共享的目标任务。以“收益系统观”视角切入,对森林碳汇资源资产价值实现进行了理论机制搭建,从总体框架、关键环节、保障机制方面充分考虑各部分的需求,初步形成森林碳汇资源资产价值实现机制理论体系。基于搭建出的理论体系,对价值实现机制进行制度建构。对收益获得这一关键环节,提出市场、金融、产业3种收益获得路径,并分别给出制度优化建议;对收益管理这一重要保障,针对收益管理中委托代理方式不明的问题提出“互动完全式”委托代理方式;对收益分配这另一重要保障,提出分配制度要充分体现“全民所有”属性,在收益分配的主客体和主次关系上做出了分析,提出中央、地方、企业、全民之间需进行3次分配,同时建立完善的收益预算和收益使用管理制度以使收益分配更加制度化、规范化、公开化。

“通信原理”课程思政的探索与实践

随着课程思政在专业课程中的开展,“通信原理”教研组结合课程内容和专业特点,在传统的思政元素的基础上,引入辩证法思想,增加科学思政元素,建立完善的思政元素库。根据教学反馈,发现不仅加强了思想政治教育,也加强了科学思维训练,做到思政教育与专业学习有机融合。

重释马克思辩证法的“批判”本质

马克思在论述辩证法的“合理形态”时明确指出,辩证法在本质上是“批判的和革命的”。然而,关于“批判”本质的本体论根基、理论指向以及在现实运用中的表现形式,学界还尚未达成共识。在特定的叙述语境中,马克思论述了“社会存在”为辩证法的“批判”功能发挥本质性作用奠定根基,使得辩证法的批判性在社会存在的本体论根基上获证自身的本质地位;马克思在深入社会历史总体以揭示资本主义生成逻辑的过程中,呈现了辩证法“批判”本质的理论指向在于历史总体的批判性思维;在政治经济学批判的现实运用中,马克思揭露了劳动与资本之间的本质对立,并在审视人与人之间差异性统一关系中形成了应然批判的现实运用方式。只有回到马克思的“批判”理论与实践语境中,才能获得对辩证法“批判”本质的充分理解。

斜拉桥面内振动的理论建模与特征值分析

本文建立了斜拉桥的精细化面内动力学模型,并开展了相应的自振特性分析.首先利用Hamilton变分原理推导了斜拉桥的运动方程,利用边界条件确定了斜拉桥线性化模型的频率方程.然后以双塔三跨斜拉桥为例开展数值分析,通过对比有限元结果验证了数值方法的正确性.同时引入局部化因子定量说明斜拉桥固有模态的特性.最后讨论了不同结构参数、索梁相互作用和结构体系对斜拉桥自振特性的影响.结果表明当系统的固有频率接近纯索频率时,斜拉桥的固有模态将呈现局部特性.同时索梁相互作用明显影响低阶非局部模态,相反可以忽略对高阶固有频率的影响.

爱情、劳动与文质之辩:社会主义爱情与政治关系再探

学术界流行的对中华人民共和国爱情的叙述有两种观点:一是爱情压倒政治,一是政治压倒爱情。两种观点针锋相对,但也有着共同点:它们都是从男女权利平等原则出发展开的讨论,而忽略了劳动生产话语在中华人民共和国爱情建设中的作用。从劳动生产话语出发,会发现其不仅为自由爱情的出现打开了更广阔的空间,同时也对爱情中的爱欲表达造成了限制。这一打开和限制与新中国建设带来的生活方式由文趋质的变化有关。因此,劳动对爱情表达的限制不能简单地视为政治压抑爱情的表现,毋宁看作是生活方式由文趋质的表征。

论环境资源法之遵守自然规律原则

环境资源法确立遵守自然规律原则具有充分、可靠的理论依据,包括物质决定意识、生态中心主义、生态系统理论、天人合一和道法自然的中国传统文化。遵守自然规律原则乃环境资源法之基石和根本,也直接体现了环境资源法之特有属性,实有必要确立为基本原则。遵守自然规律原则是环境资源法之基础性、根本性和普遍性准则,是实现环境资源公平、正义之根基,对环境资源法律规范具有指导和制约效力,有着极其广泛的适用性,是环境资源法基本属性之集中体现,是生态理性法治化的关键。遵守自然规律原则要求人们不违背生态规律,服从并合理利用生态规律,包括以整体性为依据统筹解决环境资源问题,非必要不改变生态系统自然状态,合理享受生态服务,维护和保障生态系统动态平衡,科学发挥生态资本作用。

犯罪定量要素与刑法立法模式调整

在中国刑法犯罪定义中,定量要素是区分行政违法与刑事违法的关键标准,也是构建统一刑法典模式的重要基础和必要前提。这种立法模式有利有弊,其最大弊端是减损了刑法规范的明确性。特别是在自然犯的犯罪定义中,定量要素的界定存在一定程度的模糊性,这成为混淆罪与非罪界限的重要立法因素。为了解决定量要素减损刑法规范明确性的问题,应当以立法方式规范司法定量,并推动刑法立法模式从统一刑法的模式向多元立法模式的转型。