Parkinson disease(PD) is a progressive degenerative disease of the nervous system,which is characterized by movement disorders,such as static tremor,rigidity,and bradykinesia in advanced patients.Gastrointestinal(GI) ...Parkinson disease(PD) is a progressive degenerative disease of the nervous system,which is characterized by movement disorders,such as static tremor,rigidity,and bradykinesia in advanced patients.Gastrointestinal(GI) dysfunction,such as gastric dysmotility,constipation,and anorectic dysfunction,is common non-motor symptom in the early stage of PD.The progression of PD includes the degenerative loss of dopaminergic neurons and aggregation ofα-synuclein in the substantia nigra.Interestingly,both of them are also present in the enteric nervous system of PD patients.In this review,we describe the relationship between non-motor symptoms particularly GI dysfunction and the pathogenesis of PD,aiming to show the powerful evidences about the prion-like propagation of α-synuclein and support the hypothesis of gut-brain axis in PD.We then summarize the mechanism of the gut-brain axis and confirmα-synuclein as a potential target for drug design or new clinical treatment.展开更多
A study was done to produce a rapid in vitro propagation of three strawberry genotypes and tested in the field under Bangladeshi circumstances. Festival, RABI-3, and Neho strawberry genotypes’ runner tips were cultiv...A study was done to produce a rapid in vitro propagation of three strawberry genotypes and tested in the field under Bangladeshi circumstances. Festival, RABI-3, and Neho strawberry genotypes’ runner tips were cultivated in vitro to induce root induction and multiple shoot proliferation. MS (Murashige and Skoog) media that were basally containing three different concentrations at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 of BA (6-benzyl adenine), KIN (6-furfuryl amino purine), or GA<sub>3</sub> (gibberellic acid) at 0.5 mg/L increasing tips of the runner was attained. The culture grew on the medium provided with 1.5 mg/L 6-benzyl adenine and 0.5 mg/L 6-furfuryl amino acid to increase shoot at the best level. Micro-cuttings were rooted on MS media at half strength combined with 0.5 mg/L - 1.5 mg/L IBA (indole butyric acid) or IAA (indole acetic acid). IBA attained 4 - 9 roots and 91% - 96% rooting at 1.0 mg/L. The resulting plantlets grew into hardy plants and took root in the earth. The genotype festival had the highest response rate, followed by RABI-3 and Neho.展开更多
At the Genetics and Plant Breeding Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh, strawberry in vitro propagation was done. Five Benzylaminopurine (BAP) concen...At the Genetics and Plant Breeding Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh, strawberry in vitro propagation was done. Five Benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations were utilized for shoot induction—0.0 mg/L (Control), 0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L, and 2.0 mg/L and five Indole Buteric Acid (IBA) concentrations—0.0 mg/L(Control), 0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L, and 2.0 mg/l—were used for the induction of the root. The highest mean amount of shoots (eight) and length of the shoot (3.40 cm) were observed at a concentration of BAP of 0.5 mg/L. Festival also had the highest mean amount of leaves (6) when we used the identical concentration, while RABI-3 and Camarosa did the least well. The IBA of 0.5 mg/L concentration of rooting performed the best across all metrics tested among the five concentrations. The longest (3.3 cm) roots and most roots (7) were likewise obtained from this concentration in Festival. However, RABI-3 and Camarosa performed worse than Festival in the same concentration. Half-strength MS media without IBA concentration showed no response regarding root induction for each of the three cultivars.展开更多
An efficient regeneration system of Rhynchostylis retusa was established to provide technical reference for the application of tissue culture tube seedlings in production.The mixtures of callus and protocorm from asep...An efficient regeneration system of Rhynchostylis retusa was established to provide technical reference for the application of tissue culture tube seedlings in production.The mixtures of callus and protocorm from aseptic germination were used as explants.The optimal media of each stage was selected for callus proliferation,protocorm occurrence and growth,rejuvenation and rooting via a single,complete combination and orthogonal experiment.The results showed that the optimal medium for callus proliferation,protocorms occurrence and growth was 1/2 Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium adding 50 g·L^(−1) banana puree,0.1 mg·L^(−1)α-naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA),1.5 mg·L^(−1)6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA)and 1.0 mg·L^(−1) kinetin(KT)with 17.33 proliferation coefficient of callus and 19.63 occurrence coefficient of buds after 90 days.Then the buds occurred from protocorm were cultured on 1/2 MS medium including 100 g·L^(−1) banana puree,1.0 mg·L^(−1) NAA,2.0 mg·L^(−1)6-BA and 0.05 mg·L^(−1) KT,in which the proliferation coefficient of callus was 10.32 and occurrence coefficient of buds reached 17.87.In the further subculture,the same medium was simultaneously used for callus proliferation,protocorm occurrence and bud growth.The plantlets developed roots in 1/2 MS medium containing 70 mL·L^(−1) coconut water and 1.5 mg·L^(−1) NAA with 100%rooting rates after 90 days.The survival rate was more than 90%after domestication and transplantation.This regeneration protocol will provide technique foundation for protecting wild resource and developing artificial cultivation.展开更多
By employing temporary immersion bioreactor system(TIBs),we studied virus-free culture of seedlings from sugarcane varieties ROC16 and ROC22,from medium recipe,inoculation amount,sucrose concentration,and variety diff...By employing temporary immersion bioreactor system(TIBs),we studied virus-free culture of seedlings from sugarcane varieties ROC16 and ROC22,from medium recipe,inoculation amount,sucrose concentration,and variety difference. The results showed,using this method,that proliferation rate of ROC16 improved by 40 times,per flask generated about 800 plantlets; of ROC22 improved by 30 times,per flask generated about 400-600 plantlets. The results provided basis for using TIBs in rapid propagation of plantlets via tissue culture.展开更多
The accumulation and spread of prion-like proteins is a key feature of neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson's disease,or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.In a process known as‘seedin...The accumulation and spread of prion-like proteins is a key feature of neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson's disease,or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.In a process known as‘seeding’,prion-like proteins such as amyloid beta,microtubule-associated protein tau,α-synuclein,silence superoxide dismutase 1,or transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa,propagate their misfolded conformations by transforming their respective soluble monomers into fibrils.Cellular and molecular evidence of prion-like propagation in NDs,the clinical relevance of their‘seeding’capacities,and their levels of contribution towards disease progression have been intensively studied over recent years.This review unpacks the cyclic prion-like propagation in cells including factors of aggregate internalization,endo-lysosomal leaking,aggregate degradation,and secretion.Debates on the importance of the role of prion-like protein aggregates in NDs,whether causal or consequent,are also discussed.Applications lead to a greater understanding of ND pathogenesis and increased potential for therapeutic strategies.展开更多
文摘Parkinson disease(PD) is a progressive degenerative disease of the nervous system,which is characterized by movement disorders,such as static tremor,rigidity,and bradykinesia in advanced patients.Gastrointestinal(GI) dysfunction,such as gastric dysmotility,constipation,and anorectic dysfunction,is common non-motor symptom in the early stage of PD.The progression of PD includes the degenerative loss of dopaminergic neurons and aggregation ofα-synuclein in the substantia nigra.Interestingly,both of them are also present in the enteric nervous system of PD patients.In this review,we describe the relationship between non-motor symptoms particularly GI dysfunction and the pathogenesis of PD,aiming to show the powerful evidences about the prion-like propagation of α-synuclein and support the hypothesis of gut-brain axis in PD.We then summarize the mechanism of the gut-brain axis and confirmα-synuclein as a potential target for drug design or new clinical treatment.
文摘A study was done to produce a rapid in vitro propagation of three strawberry genotypes and tested in the field under Bangladeshi circumstances. Festival, RABI-3, and Neho strawberry genotypes’ runner tips were cultivated in vitro to induce root induction and multiple shoot proliferation. MS (Murashige and Skoog) media that were basally containing three different concentrations at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 of BA (6-benzyl adenine), KIN (6-furfuryl amino purine), or GA<sub>3</sub> (gibberellic acid) at 0.5 mg/L increasing tips of the runner was attained. The culture grew on the medium provided with 1.5 mg/L 6-benzyl adenine and 0.5 mg/L 6-furfuryl amino acid to increase shoot at the best level. Micro-cuttings were rooted on MS media at half strength combined with 0.5 mg/L - 1.5 mg/L IBA (indole butyric acid) or IAA (indole acetic acid). IBA attained 4 - 9 roots and 91% - 96% rooting at 1.0 mg/L. The resulting plantlets grew into hardy plants and took root in the earth. The genotype festival had the highest response rate, followed by RABI-3 and Neho.
文摘At the Genetics and Plant Breeding Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh, strawberry in vitro propagation was done. Five Benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations were utilized for shoot induction—0.0 mg/L (Control), 0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L, and 2.0 mg/L and five Indole Buteric Acid (IBA) concentrations—0.0 mg/L(Control), 0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L, and 2.0 mg/l—were used for the induction of the root. The highest mean amount of shoots (eight) and length of the shoot (3.40 cm) were observed at a concentration of BAP of 0.5 mg/L. Festival also had the highest mean amount of leaves (6) when we used the identical concentration, while RABI-3 and Camarosa did the least well. The IBA of 0.5 mg/L concentration of rooting performed the best across all metrics tested among the five concentrations. The longest (3.3 cm) roots and most roots (7) were likewise obtained from this concentration in Festival. However, RABI-3 and Camarosa performed worse than Festival in the same concentration. Half-strength MS media without IBA concentration showed no response regarding root induction for each of the three cultivars.
基金The research was supported by Yunnan Breeding and Cultivation Research and Development Center of Endangered and Daodi Chinese Medicinal Materials(No.2016DH011).
文摘An efficient regeneration system of Rhynchostylis retusa was established to provide technical reference for the application of tissue culture tube seedlings in production.The mixtures of callus and protocorm from aseptic germination were used as explants.The optimal media of each stage was selected for callus proliferation,protocorm occurrence and growth,rejuvenation and rooting via a single,complete combination and orthogonal experiment.The results showed that the optimal medium for callus proliferation,protocorms occurrence and growth was 1/2 Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium adding 50 g·L^(−1) banana puree,0.1 mg·L^(−1)α-naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA),1.5 mg·L^(−1)6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA)and 1.0 mg·L^(−1) kinetin(KT)with 17.33 proliferation coefficient of callus and 19.63 occurrence coefficient of buds after 90 days.Then the buds occurred from protocorm were cultured on 1/2 MS medium including 100 g·L^(−1) banana puree,1.0 mg·L^(−1) NAA,2.0 mg·L^(−1)6-BA and 0.05 mg·L^(−1) KT,in which the proliferation coefficient of callus was 10.32 and occurrence coefficient of buds reached 17.87.In the further subculture,the same medium was simultaneously used for callus proliferation,protocorm occurrence and bud growth.The plantlets developed roots in 1/2 MS medium containing 70 mL·L^(−1) coconut water and 1.5 mg·L^(−1) NAA with 100%rooting rates after 90 days.The survival rate was more than 90%after domestication and transplantation.This regeneration protocol will provide technique foundation for protecting wild resource and developing artificial cultivation.
基金Supported by Youth Science Foundation of Guangxi ( Guikeqing0832060)S&T Development Project from Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2006006)~~
文摘By employing temporary immersion bioreactor system(TIBs),we studied virus-free culture of seedlings from sugarcane varieties ROC16 and ROC22,from medium recipe,inoculation amount,sucrose concentration,and variety difference. The results showed,using this method,that proliferation rate of ROC16 improved by 40 times,per flask generated about 800 plantlets; of ROC22 improved by 30 times,per flask generated about 400-600 plantlets. The results provided basis for using TIBs in rapid propagation of plantlets via tissue culture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071424)the Zhejiang University Education Foundation Global Partnership Fund(188170+194452115/011).
文摘The accumulation and spread of prion-like proteins is a key feature of neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson's disease,or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.In a process known as‘seeding’,prion-like proteins such as amyloid beta,microtubule-associated protein tau,α-synuclein,silence superoxide dismutase 1,or transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa,propagate their misfolded conformations by transforming their respective soluble monomers into fibrils.Cellular and molecular evidence of prion-like propagation in NDs,the clinical relevance of their‘seeding’capacities,and their levels of contribution towards disease progression have been intensively studied over recent years.This review unpacks the cyclic prion-like propagation in cells including factors of aggregate internalization,endo-lysosomal leaking,aggregate degradation,and secretion.Debates on the importance of the role of prion-like protein aggregates in NDs,whether causal or consequent,are also discussed.Applications lead to a greater understanding of ND pathogenesis and increased potential for therapeutic strategies.
