On the international levels, funding has a wide importance in the sense that it is vehemently regarded as something that attracts both the developed countries and the developing countries. This is considered as the fo...On the international levels, funding has a wide importance in the sense that it is vehemently regarded as something that attracts both the developed countries and the developing countries. This is considered as the focal point of economy and economic activities. This is because of the fact that any economy can not continue without funding. This leads to a great care by institutions and governments as well as any social, political, and economic activity. The funding policy is regarded as one of the most important and active methods in having and preparing strategies that aim at having total control on private and public f＇mancial resources throughout financial activities to refresh the Palestinian economy. Due to the sensitivity of the current conditions, funding has a very important position and role. The deprivation stages the Palestirtian people have witnessed led to lack of Palestinian rights to build national institutions and bodies that are able to adopt social and economic policies that aim at having development as well as enabling the Palestinian entire society members to face both internal and external challenges and vice versa. There is vacuum of having an independent Palestinian state after 1967. There is a strict political s~,stem of lawful individuals and political domination, imposing by an Israeli military occupation to control and rule, controlling all Palestinian life to destroy the Palestinian economy and to distort the system without any lawful and constitutional independence. During the occupation period, the Palestinians lived under a lawful and managerial military power that destroys productivity paving the way to expel Palestinians out of their home which did not enable Palestinians to have their own social policies. The Palestinian national authority, ever since its rule, started to have a rehabilitation of its economic policies within a strategic plan that ensures economic development, stability, and geographical continuation amongst Palestinian resources control in a way that supports the Palestinian economy. That builds Palestinian policies to have economic development and improvement of general performance to develop, complete, and unify law and constitution. This also aims at Palestinian society development in terms of economy giving future hopes for Palestinians to have international development projects in the sense that any Palestinian strategy quickly faces lack of fund and therefore consequently everything is put to an end. The possibility of this study is to strengthen and stimulat the direct foreign investment as an alternative of the internal funding. Moreover, this study will investigate how to achieve an increase efficiency of investment and the national funding resources that generate income. The study＇s methodology is, descriptive analytical approach which has been applied because it matches the nature of this study. To answer study questions ＂What is the funding strategy followed by the Palestinian authority to develop the national economy？＂, confirmation is made that there are no funding strategies applied by the Palestinian authority to create funding mechanisms for development of national economy. This is not helpful for the national economy.展开更多
Ever since China implemented its reform and opening up policy in the late 1970s,it has engaged in theoretical and practice-based innovations in the development of its private sector.China has experienced four evolutio...Ever since China implemented its reform and opening up policy in the late 1970s,it has engaged in theoretical and practice-based innovations in the development of its private sector.China has experienced four evolutionary stages of private sector development and theoretical innovation:from proposing that the private sector was “subsidiary and complementary to the socialist public sector,” to elevating it to the heights of China’s “basic economic system”;from adhering to the principle of “the two unwaverings,” i.e.,unwaveringly consolidating and developing the public sector on the one hand,and unwaveringly encouraging,supporting,and guiding the development of the non-public sector on the other;and thence to further stating explicitly that “private enterprises and private sector entrepreneurs are one of us;they are socialist.” New theories of private sector development have been created in response to the inherent requirements of the primary stage of socialism,to the choice of the correct path to common prosperity,and to the human behavioral rationality and the laws governing people’s interest claims.The private sector is an important achievement of the development of the socialist market economy;an important force promoting the development of the socialist market economy;and an important actor in the building of the modern economic system.Creating new theories of private sector development has opened up a new realm for Marxist political economy.展开更多
As nearly a fifth of the world's population still lives without access to electricity and double that number with no access to modern cooking technologies, both public and private sector players have invested reso...As nearly a fifth of the world's population still lives without access to electricity and double that number with no access to modern cooking technologies, both public and private sector players have invested resources in developing infrastructure to address this energy gap. While there have been exceptional cases like China, Vietnam and Brazil, where the public sector led grid expansion achieved incredible gains in expanding access as to electricity, the general trend over the years in most developing countries has demonstrated that both public and private led approaches have been unsuccessful in independently yielding the desired acceleration and continuity to deliver universal energy access. Despite the inherent benefits of both public and private sector led initiatives, typical systemic inefficiencies and inadequate capacities in both approaches prevent them from fully addressing the principal objective of facilitating energy access for the poor in the long term. Also, even if required investments were adequately capitalized, with the current population growth rate continually outpacing the rate of interventions, the number of people who remained energy poor 15 years hence, would still be the same. Thus, not only is there is a need for providing energy access to the existing population mass, but an equal need to do it fast enough to truly reduce the number of energy poor across the globe. An alternative approach therefore needs to be explored that juxtaposes the social welfare objectives of public sector led initiatives with the enterprise development and growth objectives of the private sector, to support the creation of an enabling ecosystem and a viable value chain that successfully and effectively delivers energy solutions to the last mile. Such a pro-poor hybrid model will essentially address the inefficiencies and inadequacies of both public and private approaches and capitalize on their strengths through a complementary mix of social and commercial goals. The model facilitates collaborations at the corporate, institutional and individual levels to drive individual parts of a unified energy provisioning system, making it adaptable, dynamic, flexible and manoeuvrable within structures, relationships and entities. Policy level support and accompanying regulatory frameworks are critical for clear role definitions, proper planning and execution.展开更多
文摘On the international levels, funding has a wide importance in the sense that it is vehemently regarded as something that attracts both the developed countries and the developing countries. This is considered as the focal point of economy and economic activities. This is because of the fact that any economy can not continue without funding. This leads to a great care by institutions and governments as well as any social, political, and economic activity. The funding policy is regarded as one of the most important and active methods in having and preparing strategies that aim at having total control on private and public f＇mancial resources throughout financial activities to refresh the Palestinian economy. Due to the sensitivity of the current conditions, funding has a very important position and role. The deprivation stages the Palestirtian people have witnessed led to lack of Palestinian rights to build national institutions and bodies that are able to adopt social and economic policies that aim at having development as well as enabling the Palestinian entire society members to face both internal and external challenges and vice versa. There is vacuum of having an independent Palestinian state after 1967. There is a strict political s~,stem of lawful individuals and political domination, imposing by an Israeli military occupation to control and rule, controlling all Palestinian life to destroy the Palestinian economy and to distort the system without any lawful and constitutional independence. During the occupation period, the Palestinians lived under a lawful and managerial military power that destroys productivity paving the way to expel Palestinians out of their home which did not enable Palestinians to have their own social policies. The Palestinian national authority, ever since its rule, started to have a rehabilitation of its economic policies within a strategic plan that ensures economic development, stability, and geographical continuation amongst Palestinian resources control in a way that supports the Palestinian economy. That builds Palestinian policies to have economic development and improvement of general performance to develop, complete, and unify law and constitution. This also aims at Palestinian society development in terms of economy giving future hopes for Palestinians to have international development projects in the sense that any Palestinian strategy quickly faces lack of fund and therefore consequently everything is put to an end. The possibility of this study is to strengthen and stimulat the direct foreign investment as an alternative of the internal funding. Moreover, this study will investigate how to achieve an increase efficiency of investment and the national funding resources that generate income. The study＇s methodology is, descriptive analytical approach which has been applied because it matches the nature of this study. To answer study questions ＂What is the funding strategy followed by the Palestinian authority to develop the national economy？＂, confirmation is made that there are no funding strategies applied by the Palestinian authority to create funding mechanisms for development of national economy. This is not helpful for the national economy.
基金the phased result of a commissioned key project of the Think Tank of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce entitled “Research on the Creation of New Theories of Private Sector Development in China”。
文摘Ever since China implemented its reform and opening up policy in the late 1970s,it has engaged in theoretical and practice-based innovations in the development of its private sector.China has experienced four evolutionary stages of private sector development and theoretical innovation:from proposing that the private sector was “subsidiary and complementary to the socialist public sector,” to elevating it to the heights of China’s “basic economic system”;from adhering to the principle of “the two unwaverings,” i.e.,unwaveringly consolidating and developing the public sector on the one hand,and unwaveringly encouraging,supporting,and guiding the development of the non-public sector on the other;and thence to further stating explicitly that “private enterprises and private sector entrepreneurs are one of us;they are socialist.” New theories of private sector development have been created in response to the inherent requirements of the primary stage of socialism,to the choice of the correct path to common prosperity,and to the human behavioral rationality and the laws governing people’s interest claims.The private sector is an important achievement of the development of the socialist market economy;an important force promoting the development of the socialist market economy;and an important actor in the building of the modern economic system.Creating new theories of private sector development has opened up a new realm for Marxist political economy.
文摘As nearly a fifth of the world's population still lives without access to electricity and double that number with no access to modern cooking technologies, both public and private sector players have invested resources in developing infrastructure to address this energy gap. While there have been exceptional cases like China, Vietnam and Brazil, where the public sector led grid expansion achieved incredible gains in expanding access as to electricity, the general trend over the years in most developing countries has demonstrated that both public and private led approaches have been unsuccessful in independently yielding the desired acceleration and continuity to deliver universal energy access. Despite the inherent benefits of both public and private sector led initiatives, typical systemic inefficiencies and inadequate capacities in both approaches prevent them from fully addressing the principal objective of facilitating energy access for the poor in the long term. Also, even if required investments were adequately capitalized, with the current population growth rate continually outpacing the rate of interventions, the number of people who remained energy poor 15 years hence, would still be the same. Thus, not only is there is a need for providing energy access to the existing population mass, but an equal need to do it fast enough to truly reduce the number of energy poor across the globe. An alternative approach therefore needs to be explored that juxtaposes the social welfare objectives of public sector led initiatives with the enterprise development and growth objectives of the private sector, to support the creation of an enabling ecosystem and a viable value chain that successfully and effectively delivers energy solutions to the last mile. Such a pro-poor hybrid model will essentially address the inefficiencies and inadequacies of both public and private approaches and capitalize on their strengths through a complementary mix of social and commercial goals. The model facilitates collaborations at the corporate, institutional and individual levels to drive individual parts of a unified energy provisioning system, making it adaptable, dynamic, flexible and manoeuvrable within structures, relationships and entities. Policy level support and accompanying regulatory frameworks are critical for clear role definitions, proper planning and execution.
