Situation of China's solar water heater industry,related national standards,testing and the Golden Sun certification program

China is the largest solar water heater producer and market in the world.Despite the fast growth and an installed capacity that accounts for the majority of the global gross,China's per capita solar hot water capacity is still very low,implying a huge margin of market potential;and the recognition of the industry in the global market is handicapped by the scattered scale of production and inconsistent product quality.To ensure continued growth of China's solar water heating(SWH) industry,Chinese Government has established a series of national SWH standards,three national testing centers,and a certification program to lay the foundation for the development of the Golden Sun product labeling system.China General Certification Center(CGC) developed the Golden Sun product certification and labeling system on a pass/fail basis evaluating with established criteria.The system was designed to help manufacturers acclimate to explicit consistent requirements and to identify and fix the deficiencies in the design and execution of the program itself.Timely revision and integration of the national standards are recommended to accommodate the test procedures and requirements to new technologies and the evolving SWH market.Strict implementation of the Golden Sun certification and labeling system are suggested to avail improving the quality control and forging internationally reputable brands of Chinese solar water heating products.

Implementing SO 22000 Certification Standards to Strengthen Food Safety Management

This paper deals with the currentfood safety situation,the requirementsof ISO 22000 standards,and ISO 22000standards management certification.It detailsthe implementation of ISO 22000 standardsmanagement certification for the purposeof establishing a food safety managementsystem.

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision. It is important for certification institutions to explore methods for updating and transferring present standards, to accelerate the transfer of standard information and ensure present standards are implemented in a timely manner.

APEC Holds HACCP Standards and Certification Training Class in Beijing

On August 14th,2007 the Certification and Accreditation Administration of the PRC organized "APEC (The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) Standards and Accreditation Training Class" in Beijing.……

“11^(th) Five Year” Plan on Certification and Accreditation Standardization

To strengthen the certification and authorization standardization system, the Certification and Accreditation Administration of China (CNCA), and Standardization Administration of China (SAC)have jointly promulgated the "11th Five Year" Plan on Development of Certification and Accreditation Standardization. In compliance with the "11th Five Year" Plan on Development of Certification and Accreditation Cause and the "11th Five Year" Plan on Development of Standardization,the "11th Five Year"Plan on Development of Certification and Accreditation Standardization provides comprehensive guidance to and basis for the certification and accreditation cause during the "11th Five Year".……

Stricter national standards are required for credentialing of endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopan-creatography in the United States

Endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) is now a vital modality with primarily therapeutic and occasionally solely diagnostic utility for numerous biliary/pancreatic disorders. It has a significantly steeper learning curve than that for other standard gastrointestinal(GI) endoscopies, such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy, due to greater technical difficulty and higher risk of complications. Yet, GI fellows have limited exposure to ERCP during standard-three-year-GI-fellowships because ERCP is much less frequently performed than esophagogastroduodenoscopy/colonoscopy. This led to adding an optional year of training in therapeutic endoscopy. Yet many graduates from standard three-year-fellowships without advanced training intensely pursue independent/unsupervised ERCP privileges despite inadequate numbers of performed ERCPs and unacceptably low rates of successful selective cannulation of desired(biliary or pancreatic) duct. Hospital credentialing committees have traditionally performed ERCP credentialing, but this practice has led to widespread flouting of recommended guidelines(e.g., planned privileging of applicant with 20% successful cannulation rate, or after performing only 7 ERCPs);and intense politicking of committee members by applicants, their practice groups, and potential competitors. Consequently, some gastroenterologists upon completing standard fellowships train and learn ERCP 'on the job' during independent/unsupervised practice, which can result in bad outcomes: high rates of failed bile duct cannulation. This severe clinical problem is indicated by publication of ≥ 12 ERCP competency studies/guidelines during last 5 years. However, lack of mandatory, quantitative, ERCP credentialing criteria has permitted neglect of recommended guidelines. This work comprehensively reviews literature on ERCP credentialing;reviews rationales for proposed guidelines;reports problems with current system;and proposes novel criteria for competency. This work advocates for mandatory, national, written,minimum, quantitative, standards, including cognitive skills(possibly assessed by a nationwide examination), and technical skills, assessed by number performed(≥ 200-250 ERCPs), types of ERCPs, success rate(approximately ≥ 90%cannulation of desired duct), and letters of recommendation by program director/ERCP mentor. Mandatory criteria should ideally not be monitored by a hospital committee subjected to intense politicking by applicants, their employers, and sometimes even competitors, but an independent national entity,like the National Board of Medical Examiners/American Board of Internal Medicine.

A Comparative Study of ISO/IEC 17065:2012 Standards, Accreditation Processes Implemented in Turkey Regarding Turkish Organic Agriculture Legislations

In this study, the ISO 17065:2012 Conformity Assessment—through comparisons between the required standards for organizations that provide certifications towards products, processes, and services, and the programs regarding the certification of organic agricultural practices in Turkey that are regulated by Turkish Regulations on Principles and Implementation of Organic Agriculture, some recommendations are developed for applications in similar countries, by investigating the similar or contradictory issues surrounding the conformity assessment activities with the regulations published in this field. To contribute to the management and improvement of the certification and accreditation processes of the conformity assessment bodies carrying out the certification activities of the agricultural certification programs within the scope of the ISO 17065:2012 standard, the degree of compliance has been identified by comparing the requirements of the Regulations on the Principles and Implementation of Organic Agriculture. The compatibility of these documents and the absence of conflict in these practices will provide a sense of confidence for all relevant parties, including consumers benefiting from the organic market. According to the conclusions of this evaluation, comparison results were interpreted, taking into account the degrees of compliance from the perspectives of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Turkey that carries out the provisions of the Regulation on the Principles and Implementation of Organic Agriculture, the Turkish Accreditation Agency (TURKAK) that carries out accreditation activities according to the Regulation, and the certification bodies that are the implementers of the standards mentioned above and regulations, the problem areas were determined, and recommendations have been developed. The national problems in this context have been specified, and recommendations were developed based on observations and examinations of ISO 17065:2012 international standard.

Professionalism in GIS: International Aspects of the Certification Debate

GIS certification has been a contentious issue amongst geo-technology professionals for years. Many arguments have been advanced for it, the chief one being that certification is the only way through which a true GIS professional can be defined for the consumer public. There have been counter arguments, for example that certification will limit the widespread adoption of GIS technology, which is just a tool that anybody should be free to apply, or that it will only add another layer of regulation in a global political environment that favours increased de-regulation. The objective of this paper is to create greater awareness about GIS certification, which doesn’t exist yet in many countries, including some developed ones. Such increased awareness may encourage the standardization of GIS personnel qualifications, which could underpin a better, more dependable growth of the GIS industry, especially in the developing countries. Through analysis of key existing literature on the subject, plus the author’s own professional experiences, the paper explores the issues around GIS certification, looks at global trends on the issue and discusses the situation in the Kenyan GIS industry in respect of certification. The paper finds that there is a global move towards certification, and the relevant work of ISO has given the issue international attention. However, the paper also finds that the presence of a strong GIS professional association greatly assists in the development of a program for such certification, and that the lack of such an association makes it difficult to succeed.

论中国数据跨境制度的现状、问题与纾困路径

中国已经建立了以“安全评估、标准合同、保护认证”为核心、以行业规定为配套的数据跨境制度体系,形成了既保安全又促发展的中国方案。但在具体立法中,该制度在理论与实践上存在双重失衡,在理论上缺乏完善的基础理论支撑,在实践中未能形成系统完整的制度体系,且其在适用关系上出现龃龉,与国际规则之间也存在割裂导致难以衔接,致使数据处理者在合规实践中面临较大成本,难以获得预期成效。不同于美国的“市场话语”和欧盟“权利本位”的数据跨境理论基础,中国应当基于国情明确利益平衡体系下的数据主权理论建构数据出境制度体系,矫正实践中过度保障安全的规制思路,通过单列安全评估、制定行业性与地方性特殊制度等措施,完善相关制度之间、国内法与国际规则之间的适用衔接,着力降低合规成本,保障制度落到实处。

美国可持续航空燃料发展对我国的启示

应用可持续航空燃料(SAF)被航空业界认为是最具潜力的碳减排措施,到2050年航空业65%的碳减排将通过使用SAF来实现。美国希望凭借领先的工艺技术、充足且丰富的原材料以及补贴政策的有效激励,成为新兴SAF市场的全球领导者。未来具有较大发展前景的SAF技术路线包括酯类和脂肪酸类加氢工艺(HEFA)、费托合成工艺(FT合成)、醇喷合成工艺(ATJ)、动力合成液体燃料工艺(PtL)。美国目前主要采用的是HEFA路线,但由于面临原料短缺问题,未来将逐渐被ATJ、FT合成等路线取代。美国每年约有10×10^(8)t的生物质能够可持续地生长或收集,其中将藻类转化为可再生燃料受到了美国极大的重视。美国针对SAF政策的特点是以鼓励性、支持性为主,主要运用财政补贴、税收减免等政策手段。中国是继美国之后的第二大航空市场,对SAF有着巨大的市场需求。我国可以借鉴美国的经验,尽早建立SAF产业联盟,重视SAF原料的创新,加大SAF炼制工艺认证和认证标准的建设力度,构建积极的产业政策和财税政策,而最重要的是加强重点技术方向的研发投入和支持力度,从而降低生产成本。

职业教育反馈机制模型下产教融合的发展要点:职业能力标准与证书建设

职业教育与劳动力市场的互动反馈对于明确产教融合的要素和路径具有举足轻重的意义。这一反馈机制反映出职业能力标准与证书制度建设是推动产教融合深度发展的关键所在,它们不仅精准对接了产业需求与教育供给,还通过教育成果的有效转化,积极推动了产业的持续发展。为进一步深化产教融合,我国需要在职业能力标准建设上确立学习成果导向的核心原则,拓展对职业能力的全面理解和构建一套完整的职业能力开发路径;在职业能力证书制度的建设上打造映射综合职业能力的职教文凭,构建与学历证书并重的职业能力证书,并以职业能力者作为推动产业发展的新引擎。通过构建更加科学、系统的职业能力标准体系,以及更加权威、有效的证书制度,可以更有力地促进职业教育与产业之间的深度融合,助力职业教育高质量发展。

基于成果导向教育理念的“Web前端基础”金课建设

以“Web前端基础”课程为例,基于成果导向教育的理念,结合金课标准,重构三层次递进式教学内容,开展以项目为导向的混合式教学,并依据成果目标进行形成性评价,作为学生评估的依据,最后根据目标达成度持续改进课程教学,以促进金课建设。实践证明,该教学模式有效促进了学生高阶能力的发展,显著提升了学生获得“1+X”证书的成功率,满足了学生终身职业能力发展的需求。

基于“1+X”证书制度的高职院校眼视光技术专业教学标准及实施

为了满足社会对眼视光技术人才的需求,提高教学质量,培养学生的职业技能和素质,研究了基于“1+X”证书制度的高职眼视光技术专业教学标准。通过分析“1+X”证书制度的内涵和特征,结合高职眼视光技术专业的特点,提出了该专业包括课程设置、教学内容、教学方法和教学资源等的教学标准,探讨了该教学标准的实施措施和评估机制,以确保其有效性和可行性。

金属钼中氧元素系列标准样品定值过程中量值溯源性探究

以惰气熔融红外吸收法作为基础,采用重铬酸钾基准试剂作为校正点对金属钼中氧含量进行测定,解决了金属钼中氧元素系列标准样品定值过程中量值溯源性难题。量值溯源性比对实验结果在扩展不确定度范围内,精密度RSD小于10%,加标回收率在90%~110%。

高职汽车技术服务与营销专业“岗课赛证创”一体化人才培养研究

“岗课赛证”融合育人是对现代职业教育教学理念与实践的深度融合与创新,本文在分析高职汽车技术服务与营销专业“岗课赛证创”一体化人才培养存在问题的基础上,提出通过深化产教融合,构建并实施“岗课赛证创”五位一体的高职汽车技术服务与营销专业课程体系,联合多主体协同育人,并基于企业标准规范考核,以适应产业变革需求,提升人才培养质量。

标准—检测—认证体系支撑防汛抗旱产品行业高质量发展的思考

标准、检验检测和认证作为国家质量基础设施的重要组成,对产业升级、技术创新和质量提升有重要作用,已经在我国消防和环保等诸多行业发挥了重要作用。但是防汛抗旱产品领域尚未建立起成熟的标准—检测—认证体系。我国防汛抗旱产品具有种类多、类型杂、涉及行业广的特点,为规范防汛抗旱产品市场,促进防汛抗旱产品行业高质量发展,在简要分析国内外防汛抗旱领域标准—检测—认证制度基础上,针对我国防汛抗旱产品行业发展现状,提出了在防汛抗旱产品领域建设标准—检测—认证体系的相关建议。

基于课证赛融合的教学改革研究与实践——以“建筑工程识图证书”课程为例

课证赛融合,是高职院校培养技能型人才的关键环节。文章针对课证赛融合教学实践中存在的问题,提出了拓展专业教学目标、重构专业课程体系、提升教学团队综合能力、重塑课程考核评价标准等教学改革方向,实践于多门专业课程与建筑工程识图证书及技能竞赛的融合教学,未来继续探索企业参与课证赛融合的教学实践。

干部考核标准化线上评议系统的研究和应用

本研究旨在探讨计算机和网络技术在政务部门的标准化应用情景研究,通过设计、研发、应用干部考核标准化线上评议系统,并在疫情特殊环境下得到应用,实现既符合疫情人群不聚集的要求,又加快推进线上考核评议工作标准化的进程,本文对其研究与应用进行了讨论和分析。这些结果对于深入理解政务业务标准化具有重要意义。

基于“1+X”证书制度的高职“食品标准与法规”课程改革与探索——以河南农业职业学院为例

基于“1+X”食品合规管理职业技能等级证书技能要求,分析“食品标准与法规”课程在产教融合、课证融通方面存在的问题,并从加强教师队伍建设、课程内容重构、学习效果评价方法改革等3个方面进行研究与实践,以期为高职院校“食品标准与法规”课程改革提供参考。

基于本体的箱体孔同轴度测量认证方案的自动生成

针对箱体孔同轴度测量认证方案过度依赖人工经验确定,造成认证过程不一致,测量结果可对比性差的问题,提出一种基于本体的箱体孔同轴度测量认证方案自动生成方法。构建测量认证工程语义模型,将它转化为计算机可读可解释的元本体模型;建立测量认证方案生成规则库,根据几何要素类型、公差项目、公差原则推理生成测量认证标准范式、操作参数、测量参数;最后,通过减速器上尺寸信息和同轴度几何规范,展示箱体孔同轴度测量认证方案自动生成过程,并验证了其有效性。结果表明:所提方法可以不依赖人工决策,简单高效地实现测量认证方案的自动生成。