Cytokines play pleiotropic roles in human health and disease by regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.Interleukins(ILs),a large group of cytokines,can be divided into seven families,including IL-1,IL-2,...Cytokines play pleiotropic roles in human health and disease by regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.Interleukins(ILs),a large group of cytokines,can be divided into seven families,including IL-1,IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12,and IL-17 families.Here,we review the functions of ILs in the pathogenesis and resolution of liver diseases,such as liver inflammation(e.g.,IL-35),alcoholrelated liver disease(e.g.,IL-11),non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(e.g.,IL-22),liver fibrosis(e.g.,Il-17a),and liver cancer(e.g.,IL-8).Overall,IL-1 family members are implicated in liver inflammation induced by different etiologies,such as alcohol consumption,high-fat diet,and hepatitis viruses.IL-2 family members mainly regulate T lymphocyte and NK cell proliferation and activation,and the differentiation of T cells.IL-6 family cytokines play important roles in acute phase response in liver infection,liver regeneration,and metabolic regulation,as well as lymphocyte activation.IL-8,also known as CXCL8,is activated in chronic liver diseases,which is associated with the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages.IL-10 family members contribute key roles to liver immune tolerance and immunosuppression in liver disease.IL-12 family cytokines influence T-cell differentiation and play an essential role in autoimmune liver disease.IL-17 subfamilies contribute to infection defense,liver inflammation,and Th17 cell differentiation.ILs interact with different type I and type II cytokine receptors to regulate intracellular signaling pathways that mediate their functions.However,most clinical studies are only performed to evaluate IL-mediated therapies on alcohol and hepatitis virus infection-induced hepatitis.More pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to evaluate IL-mediated monotherapy and synergistic therapies.展开更多
This review aims to identify in vivo studies investigating the potential of plant substances and their natural molecules in managing inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Specifically,the objective is to examine the impact ...This review aims to identify in vivo studies investigating the potential of plant substances and their natural molecules in managing inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Specifically,the objective is to examine the impact of these substances on interleukins and other key inflammatory signaling markers.Relevant articles published up to December 2022 were identified through a search of the PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Embase databases.The search used keywords including“inflammatory bowel disease”,“medicinal plants”,“natural molecules”,“anti-inflammatory”,and“ulcerative colitis”,and identified 1,878 potentially relevant articles,of which 89 were included in this review after completion of the selection process.This study provides preclinical data on natural products(NPs)that can potentially treat IBD,including ulcerative colitis.The main actions of these NPs relate to their effects on nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κβ),the Janus kinase(JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)signaling pathway,the regulation of T helper 17/regulatory T cells balance,and oxidative stress.The ability of these NPs to inhibit intestinal inflammation appears to be dependent on lowering levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-17,via the Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)1,NF-κβ-p65,and STAT3 pathways.In addition,NPs were shown to reduce oxidative stress and the severity of ulcerative colitis,as well as increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes.These actions suggest that NPs represent a promising treatment for IBD,and potentially have greater efficacy and safety than current treatments.展开更多
Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not complet...Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood.Among the molecular mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring after Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation in the brain neuroinflammatory cytokines seem to occupy a central role.Here,we specifically reviewed literature reports dealing with the impact of neuroinflammation on synaptic dysfunction observed after recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-1 reactivation in the brain,highlighting the role of interleukins and,in particular,interleukin 1βas a possible target against Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced neuronal dysfunctions.展开更多
Cytokines like interleukins(ILs)play important roles in inflammation and innate immune.Yang and Zhang carried out an interesting study related to ILs and hepatic diseases.They described the role of ILs in the pathogen...Cytokines like interleukins(ILs)play important roles in inflammation and innate immune.Yang and Zhang carried out an interesting study related to ILs and hepatic diseases.They described the role of ILs in the pathogenesis and resolution of hepatic disorders.The authors summarized alcohol-related liver disease and virus-induced hepatitis,as far as clinical studies a fortiori carried out on ILmediated treatments pertaining to these dysfunctions.This editorial contributes to the review by Yang and Zhang titled,"Interleukins in liver disease treatment",and focuses on therapies mediated by ILs in comorbid liver diseases.The documentary search was conducted on recent pertinent literature,primarily using the Google Scholar and PubMed databases.展开更多
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, erosive and deforming inflammatory rheumatic disease. In the era of biotherapies and the arrival of biosimilars in sub-Saharan Africa, the objective of this study ...Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, erosive and deforming inflammatory rheumatic disease. In the era of biotherapies and the arrival of biosimilars in sub-Saharan Africa, the objective of this study was to describe plasma IL-6 variations in RA patients at Cité Verte District Hospital (Cameroon). Material and Methods: Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study from December 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022. We included patients over 18 years old suffering from RA (ACR/EULAR 2010). Patients with an infection were not included. The data collected were age, sex, smoking status, family history, disease duration, disease activity by DAS28, CRP, rheumatoid factor, and plasma level of IL-6. Bone erosion was sought on radiography and ultrasound. Result: We included 31 patients, 25 of whom were women (80.6%). The mean age was 47.27 ± 17.97 years. Disease activity was predominantly moderate (32.3%) and severe (32.3%). Mean IL-6 level was 15.29 ± 2.36 pg/ml (extremes: 11.26 pg/ml and 20.15 pg/ml). IL-6 levels were higher in patients with a history of smoking. Similarly, IL-6 levels were higher in patients with mildly active RA in remission than in moderately and severely active RA. Mean IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with erosive RA (16.3 pg/ml VS 14.6 pg/ml). Conclusion: IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in men, weaned smokers and patients with bone erosions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6(IL-6)contributes to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.However,there was no study concerning the relationship between IL...BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6(IL-6)contributes to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.However,there was no study concerning the relationship between IL-6 concentrations and clinical features in the chronic phase of early-onset schizophrenia(EOS).AIM To investigate the relationship between serum IL-6 concentration and the clinical features of EOS.METHODS We measured serum IL-6 Levels from 74 patients with chronic schizophrenia,including 33 with age at onset<21 years(EOS group)and 41 with onset≥21 years in[adult-onset schizophrenia(AOS)group],and from 41 healthy controls.Symptom severities were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).RESULTS Serum IL-6 concentrations were higher in both EOS and AOS groups than healthy controls(F=22.32,P<0.01),but did not differ significantly between EOS and AOS groups(P>0.05)after controlling for age,body mass index,and other covariates.Negative symptom scores were higher in the EOS group than the AOS group(F=6.199,P=0.015).Serum IL-6 concentrations in the EOS group were negatively correlated with both total PANSS-negative symptom score(r=-0.389,P=0.032)and avolition/asociality subscore(r=-0.387,P=0.026).CONCLUSION Patients with EOS may have more severe negative symptoms than those with adult-onset schizophrenia during the chronic phase of the illness.IL-6 signaling may regulate negative symptoms and its avolition/asociality subsymptoms among the early-onset chronic schizophrenic patients.展开更多
Objective: To determine the effect of flurbiprofen combined with prednisolone on interleukin-6 in elderly surgery patients. Methods: In this double-blind randomized controlled study, patients aged 65 to 80 who we...Objective: To determine the effect of flurbiprofen combined with prednisolone on interleukin-6 in elderly surgery patients. Methods: In this double-blind randomized controlled study, patients aged 65 to 80 who were undergoing spinal fusion surgery for disc herniation were administered flurbiprofen 100 mg (P group, flurbiprofen group), prednisolone 0.6 mg/kg (D group, prednisolone group), prednisolone 0.6 mg/kg plus flurbiprofen 100 mg (P + D group, flurbiprofen + prednisolone group) or normal saline (S group, saline group) 15 minutes before the induction of anesthesia. Plasma samples were collected before surgery (T0) and on day 1 (T1), day 2 (T2) and day 3 (T3) following surgery. At the same time, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was assessed by SIRS criteria. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) for collected samples were measured. Results: Other groups had significantly lower levels of IL-6, CRP and occurrence of SIRS than S group (p < 0.05). Compared to groups P and D, the levels of IL-6 and CRP in P + D group were significantly lower on T1 (p < 0.05). Peak levels of IL-6 in all groups were presented on T1 (p 0.05). The levels of CRP within three days were significantly different but did not show peak levels (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Compared to prednisolone or flurbiprofen, combining flurbiprofen with prednisolone in elderly surgery patients led to an increased suppression of IL-6.展开更多
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is an autoimmune disease, resulting in a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder. It may affect many tissues and organs, but it primarily affects the flexible joints. In clinical practice pati...Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is an autoimmune disease, resulting in a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder. It may affect many tissues and organs, but it primarily affects the flexible joints. In clinical practice patient care generates many questions about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. It is challenging for health care specialists to keep up to date with the medical literature. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, the polymorphisms of interleukin and interleukin genes and the standard available and possible future immunologictargets for RA treatment. The identification of diseaseassociated interleukin and interleukin receptor genes can provide precious insight into the genetic variations prior to disease onset in order to identify the pathways important for RA pathogenesis. The knowledge of the complex genetic background may prove useful for developing novel therapies and making personalized medicine based on the individual's genetics.展开更多
Seahorse embryos are brooded in the enclosed nutrient-rich environment of the male brood pouch,which may be prone to bacterial infection.The immune responses of interleukin(IL)genes in the brood pouch have not been we...Seahorse embryos are brooded in the enclosed nutrient-rich environment of the male brood pouch,which may be prone to bacterial infection.The immune responses of interleukin(IL)genes in the brood pouch have not been well studied.We identifi ed 13 interleukins in the lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus.Tissue-specifi c expression analysis revealed increased mRNA expression levels of il-1β,il-18,and il-8 in the brood pouch.When challenged with lipopolysaccharide or Vibrio parahaemolyticus,il-1βand il-18 were active as part of the acute and chronic infl ammatory responses,respectively.Importantly,il-8 may be involved in powerful antibacterial immune responses and may be induced by il-1βand il-18 via a process involving the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.These results suggest that il-1β,il-18,and il-8 may play key roles in the antibacterial immune defense of the brood pouch in male seahorses.展开更多
Inflammatory reactions in the gastrointestinal tract play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastroenteritis in bovine helminthosis. This study determined the serum concentrations of cytokines induced acute phas...Inflammatory reactions in the gastrointestinal tract play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastroenteritis in bovine helminthosis. This study determined the serum concentrations of cytokines induced acute phase proteins (Serum Amyloid A (SAA), Haptoglobin (Hp) and C-reactive protein (CRP)) and the levels of immunoreactive interleukins (IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6) in cattle naturally infected with helminths. We sampled a total of 480 slaughtered cattle of both sexes in a major abattoir in Ibadan, Nigeria. Sedimentation, floatation and modified McMaster techniques were employed to determine the degrees of helminth infections. Animals with eggs per gram (epg) less than 200 were adjudged to be apparently healthy. The serum concentrations of interleukins and acute phase proteins were determined using the Technicon AutoAnalyzer Model AA II. It was found that mean SAA (μg/l) and CRP (%) levels were significantly (P 0.05). Therefore, some acute phase proteins are involved in the pathophysiology of bovine helminthosis and are closely related to the inflammatory activation of the disease. In lieu of these findings, it is suggested that systemic markers of inflammation can identify subjects at high risk of natural bovine helminthosis and that IL-6 and SAA may be used as indicators for bovine helminthosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the most common malignancies in China with a high morbidity and mortality.AIM To determine whether interleukin(IL)-31, IL-32, and IL-33 can be used as biomarkers for the detecti...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the most common malignancies in China with a high morbidity and mortality.AIM To determine whether interleukin(IL)-31, IL-32, and IL-33 can be used as biomarkers for the detection of GC, via evaluating the correlations between their expression and clinicopathological parameters of GC patients.METHODS Tissue array(n = 180) gastric specimens were utilised. IL-31, IL-32, and IL-33 expression in GC and non-GC tissues was detected immunohistochemically. The correlations between IL-31, IL-32, and IL-33 expression in GC and severity of clinicopathological parameters were evaluated. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method/Cox regression. Circulating IL-31, IL-32, and IL-33 were detected by ELISA.RESULTS We found that the expression levels of IL-31, IL-32, and IL-33 were all lower in GC than in adjacent non-GC gastric tissues(P < 0.05). IL-33 in peripheral blood of GC patients was significantly lower than that of healthy individuals(1.50 ± 1.11 vs 9.61 ± 8.00 ng/m L, P <0.05). Decreased IL-31, IL-32, and IL-33 in GC were observed in younger patients(< 60 years), and IL-32 and IL-33 were lower in female patients(P < 0.05). Higher IL-32 correlated with a longer survival in two GC subgroups: T4 invasion depth and TNM I-II stage. Univariate/multivariate analysis revealed that IL-32 was an independent prognostic factor for GC in the T4 stage subgroup. Circulating IL-33 was significantly lower in GC patients at TNM stage IV than in healthy people(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Our findings may provide new insights into the roles of IL-31, IL-32, and IL-33 in the carcinogenesis of GC and demonstrate their relative usefulness as prognostic markers for GC. The underlying mechanism of IL-31, IL-32, and IL-33 actions in GC should be further explored.展开更多
Objective To analyze the effect of interleukin 1 beta-IL1B-511C>T polymorphism on lipid-lowering effect of rosuvastatin in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)combined with acute respiratory viral infection(AR...Objective To analyze the effect of interleukin 1 beta-IL1B-511C>T polymorphism on lipid-lowering effect of rosuvastatin in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)combined with acute respiratory viral infection(ARVI).Methods Lipid spectrum,concentrations of C-reactive protein and interleukin 1 beta were analyzed,genotyping of IL-1 beta IL1B-511C>T polymorphism(rs16944)using polymerase chain reaction was provided in 119 patients with CHD combined with ARVI,and in control group of 313 patients suffering from CHD without viral infection from Kursk region.Results Statistically significant increase in total cholesterol(TC)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels was determined in patients with CHD combined with ARVI.The effectiveness of TC and LDL-C reduction using rosuvastatin was less pronounced in this group in comparison with patients without ARVI.Conclusion Comparative analysis of the frequencies of alleles in the genotype of interleukin 1 beta-IL1B-511C>T in patients with CHD combined with ARVI and with CHD without ARVI,reveals no differences.展开更多
Objective:To detect serum interleukins IL-17 and IL-23 levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and discuss their correlation with the disease activity.Methods:A total of 82 patients with SLE who wer...Objective:To detect serum interleukins IL-17 and IL-23 levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and discuss their correlation with the disease activity.Methods:A total of 82 patients with SLE who were treated in the hospital between July 2012 and January 2017 were selected as observation group, and 50 healthy subjects who received physical examination in the hospital during the same period were selected as normal control group. Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels in two groups of subjects were detected, and the median of serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels in the observation group were referred to further divide them into high IL-17 group and low IL-17 group as well as high IL-23 group and low IL-23 group respectively, 41 cases in each group. The levels of immunoglobulin, complement and adhesion molecules were compared between patients with different IL-17 and IL-23 levels.Results:Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels in observation group were higher than those in normal control group. Serum IgA, IgM and IgG levels in high IL-17 group were higher than those in low IL-17 group while C3 level was lower than that in low IL-17 group;serum sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels in high IL-17 group were higher than those in low IL-17 group. Serum IgA, IgM and IgG levels in high IL-23 group were higher than those in low IL-23 group while C3 level was lower than that in low IL-23 group;serum sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels in high IL-23 group were higher than those in low IL-23 group.Conclusion: Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels increase in patients with SLE, and their levels are directly correlated with the disease activity.展开更多
In order to investigate whether lipoxin A4 (LXA4) has an antagonistic effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced synthesis of interleukin (IL)-β3, IL-6 and IL-8 in rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells ...In order to investigate whether lipoxin A4 (LXA4) has an antagonistic effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced synthesis of interleukin (IL)-β3, IL-6 and IL-8 in rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC), and to explore the molecular mechanisms of signal pathway in LXA4 actions, cultured PMVEC were treated with LPS, with or without preincubation with LXA4. Proteins of IL-β3, IL-6 and IL-8 in supernatant were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expressions of mRNA of IL-β3, IL-6 and IL-8 were determined by RT-PCR. Expressions of phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) were analyzed by Western blot. Activities of DNA-binding of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) were measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The results showed that LPS induced production of IL-β3, IL-6 and IL-8 in rat PMVEC via MyD88/PI3-K/NF-κB and AP-1 pathway-dependent signal transduction. LPS-stimulated expression of PI3-K, activities of NF-κB and AP-1, secretion of protein and expression of mRNA of IL-β3, IL-6 and IL-8 but not MyD88 expression in PMVEC were inhibited by LXA4 in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, LXA4 inhibits synthesis of IL-β3, IL-6 and IL-8 by down-regulation of PI3-K/NF-κB and AP-1 signal pathway in PMVEC.展开更多
Background:Neuroinflammation is an essential event in Parkinson’s disease(PD).Identifying affordable and less invasive biomarkers to make an early diagnosis and monitor therapeutic strategies should be a priority amo...Background:Neuroinflammation is an essential event in Parkinson’s disease(PD).Identifying affordable and less invasive biomarkers to make an early diagnosis and monitor therapeutic strategies should be a priority among researchers.The study’s objective was to measure tear levels of cytokines in subjects with PD and their association with motor features and the presence of dry eye symptoms.Methods:A total of 16 subjects with PD and 16 age-and sex-matched controls were included.Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale(MDS-UPDRS),Hoehn and Yahr(HY)stage scale,Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),tear break-up time(TBUT),blink rate(BR),Dry Eye Questionnaire 5(DEQ-5)were examined,and pro-inflammatory cytokines[interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12p70 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)]were quantified in tears using the BD Cytometric Bead Array Human Inflammatory Cytokine Kit.Results:Higher tear TNF-αwere quantified in PD compared to controls(2.94±3.95 vs.0.33±0.49 pg/mL,P=0.008).According to DEQ-5,50.0%(n=8)of PD subjects and 12.5%(n=2)controls had dry eye disease(DED).No differences were found in cytokines concentrations between PD patients with DED compared to those without DED.IL-8 was associated with the HY stage,TBUT,DEQ-5,and a better MoCA score.A higher BR correlated moderately with a lower HY stage(r=−0.645,P=0.007),and DED patients have lower BR in PD(12.14±2.54 vs.9.0±2.06 blinks/minute,P=0.031).Conclusions:PD patients have higher levels of TNF-αin tears than age-and sex-matched HC.IL-8 in tears may be both involved in the severity of the disease and in the development of DED in PD.In addition,our findings suggest that as HY stage increases,indicating a more advanced stage,BR decreases,indicating greater motor impairment.Conversely,the presence of DED is associated with higher levels of bradykinesia in PD patients,suggesting a potential relationship between DED and motor impairment severity.展开更多
文摘Cytokines play pleiotropic roles in human health and disease by regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.Interleukins(ILs),a large group of cytokines,can be divided into seven families,including IL-1,IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12,and IL-17 families.Here,we review the functions of ILs in the pathogenesis and resolution of liver diseases,such as liver inflammation(e.g.,IL-35),alcoholrelated liver disease(e.g.,IL-11),non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(e.g.,IL-22),liver fibrosis(e.g.,Il-17a),and liver cancer(e.g.,IL-8).Overall,IL-1 family members are implicated in liver inflammation induced by different etiologies,such as alcohol consumption,high-fat diet,and hepatitis viruses.IL-2 family members mainly regulate T lymphocyte and NK cell proliferation and activation,and the differentiation of T cells.IL-6 family cytokines play important roles in acute phase response in liver infection,liver regeneration,and metabolic regulation,as well as lymphocyte activation.IL-8,also known as CXCL8,is activated in chronic liver diseases,which is associated with the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages.IL-10 family members contribute key roles to liver immune tolerance and immunosuppression in liver disease.IL-12 family cytokines influence T-cell differentiation and play an essential role in autoimmune liver disease.IL-17 subfamilies contribute to infection defense,liver inflammation,and Th17 cell differentiation.ILs interact with different type I and type II cytokine receptors to regulate intracellular signaling pathways that mediate their functions.However,most clinical studies are only performed to evaluate IL-mediated therapies on alcohol and hepatitis virus infection-induced hepatitis.More pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to evaluate IL-mediated monotherapy and synergistic therapies.
基金The authors would like to thank Rajagiri College of Social Sciences(Autonomous),Kochi,India for providing extensive research support.This study received funding from Rajagiri College of Social Sciences in the form of seed funding for executing Major Research Projects(Project No.:RCSS/IQAC/BB-S33/2023/133)Two United International College(UIC)research grants provided by BNU-HKBU United International College,Zhuhai,China jointly support this work(Grant Nos.:UICR0200007-23 and UICR202107).
文摘This review aims to identify in vivo studies investigating the potential of plant substances and their natural molecules in managing inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Specifically,the objective is to examine the impact of these substances on interleukins and other key inflammatory signaling markers.Relevant articles published up to December 2022 were identified through a search of the PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Embase databases.The search used keywords including“inflammatory bowel disease”,“medicinal plants”,“natural molecules”,“anti-inflammatory”,and“ulcerative colitis”,and identified 1,878 potentially relevant articles,of which 89 were included in this review after completion of the selection process.This study provides preclinical data on natural products(NPs)that can potentially treat IBD,including ulcerative colitis.The main actions of these NPs relate to their effects on nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κβ),the Janus kinase(JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)signaling pathway,the regulation of T helper 17/regulatory T cells balance,and oxidative stress.The ability of these NPs to inhibit intestinal inflammation appears to be dependent on lowering levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-17,via the Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)1,NF-κβ-p65,and STAT3 pathways.In addition,NPs were shown to reduce oxidative stress and the severity of ulcerative colitis,as well as increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes.These actions suggest that NPs represent a promising treatment for IBD,and potentially have greater efficacy and safety than current treatments.
基金supported by UniversitàCattolica(D1 intramural funds to RP)Italian Ministry of University and Research(PRIN 2022ZYLB7B,P2022YW7BP funds to CG).
文摘Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood.Among the molecular mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring after Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation in the brain neuroinflammatory cytokines seem to occupy a central role.Here,we specifically reviewed literature reports dealing with the impact of neuroinflammation on synaptic dysfunction observed after recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-1 reactivation in the brain,highlighting the role of interleukins and,in particular,interleukin 1βas a possible target against Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced neuronal dysfunctions.
文摘Cytokines like interleukins(ILs)play important roles in inflammation and innate immune.Yang and Zhang carried out an interesting study related to ILs and hepatic diseases.They described the role of ILs in the pathogenesis and resolution of hepatic disorders.The authors summarized alcohol-related liver disease and virus-induced hepatitis,as far as clinical studies a fortiori carried out on ILmediated treatments pertaining to these dysfunctions.This editorial contributes to the review by Yang and Zhang titled,"Interleukins in liver disease treatment",and focuses on therapies mediated by ILs in comorbid liver diseases.The documentary search was conducted on recent pertinent literature,primarily using the Google Scholar and PubMed databases.
文摘Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, erosive and deforming inflammatory rheumatic disease. In the era of biotherapies and the arrival of biosimilars in sub-Saharan Africa, the objective of this study was to describe plasma IL-6 variations in RA patients at Cité Verte District Hospital (Cameroon). Material and Methods: Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study from December 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022. We included patients over 18 years old suffering from RA (ACR/EULAR 2010). Patients with an infection were not included. The data collected were age, sex, smoking status, family history, disease duration, disease activity by DAS28, CRP, rheumatoid factor, and plasma level of IL-6. Bone erosion was sought on radiography and ultrasound. Result: We included 31 patients, 25 of whom were women (80.6%). The mean age was 47.27 ± 17.97 years. Disease activity was predominantly moderate (32.3%) and severe (32.3%). Mean IL-6 level was 15.29 ± 2.36 pg/ml (extremes: 11.26 pg/ml and 20.15 pg/ml). IL-6 levels were higher in patients with a history of smoking. Similarly, IL-6 levels were higher in patients with mildly active RA in remission than in moderately and severely active RA. Mean IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with erosive RA (16.3 pg/ml VS 14.6 pg/ml). Conclusion: IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in men, weaned smokers and patients with bone erosions.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371508 and No.81771439Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program,No.BE2020661+6 种基金Suzhou Municipal Health Commission Science Research Program,No.GSWS2020095National Mentorship Training Programme for Young Health Professionals,No.Qngg2022027Suzhou Clinical Key disciplines for Geriatric Psychiatry,No.SZXK202116Suzhou Clinical Medical Center for Mood Disorders,No.Szlcyxzx202109Suzhou Key Technologies Program,No.SKY2021063Suzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Program,No.SKJY2021142,No.SKJY2021143,No.SKY2023227,No.SKY2022064 and No.SKYD2023159Suzhou Key Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Program,No.LCZX202218.
文摘BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6(IL-6)contributes to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.However,there was no study concerning the relationship between IL-6 concentrations and clinical features in the chronic phase of early-onset schizophrenia(EOS).AIM To investigate the relationship between serum IL-6 concentration and the clinical features of EOS.METHODS We measured serum IL-6 Levels from 74 patients with chronic schizophrenia,including 33 with age at onset<21 years(EOS group)and 41 with onset≥21 years in[adult-onset schizophrenia(AOS)group],and from 41 healthy controls.Symptom severities were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).RESULTS Serum IL-6 concentrations were higher in both EOS and AOS groups than healthy controls(F=22.32,P<0.01),but did not differ significantly between EOS and AOS groups(P>0.05)after controlling for age,body mass index,and other covariates.Negative symptom scores were higher in the EOS group than the AOS group(F=6.199,P=0.015).Serum IL-6 concentrations in the EOS group were negatively correlated with both total PANSS-negative symptom score(r=-0.389,P=0.032)and avolition/asociality subscore(r=-0.387,P=0.026).CONCLUSION Patients with EOS may have more severe negative symptoms than those with adult-onset schizophrenia during the chronic phase of the illness.IL-6 signaling may regulate negative symptoms and its avolition/asociality subsymptoms among the early-onset chronic schizophrenic patients.
文摘Objective: To determine the effect of flurbiprofen combined with prednisolone on interleukin-6 in elderly surgery patients. Methods: In this double-blind randomized controlled study, patients aged 65 to 80 who were undergoing spinal fusion surgery for disc herniation were administered flurbiprofen 100 mg (P group, flurbiprofen group), prednisolone 0.6 mg/kg (D group, prednisolone group), prednisolone 0.6 mg/kg plus flurbiprofen 100 mg (P + D group, flurbiprofen + prednisolone group) or normal saline (S group, saline group) 15 minutes before the induction of anesthesia. Plasma samples were collected before surgery (T0) and on day 1 (T1), day 2 (T2) and day 3 (T3) following surgery. At the same time, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was assessed by SIRS criteria. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) for collected samples were measured. Results: Other groups had significantly lower levels of IL-6, CRP and occurrence of SIRS than S group (p < 0.05). Compared to groups P and D, the levels of IL-6 and CRP in P + D group were significantly lower on T1 (p < 0.05). Peak levels of IL-6 in all groups were presented on T1 (p 0.05). The levels of CRP within three days were significantly different but did not show peak levels (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Compared to prednisolone or flurbiprofen, combining flurbiprofen with prednisolone in elderly surgery patients led to an increased suppression of IL-6.
基金Supported by The Grant of the Hungarian Science Foundation,No.OTKA K103983
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is an autoimmune disease, resulting in a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder. It may affect many tissues and organs, but it primarily affects the flexible joints. In clinical practice patient care generates many questions about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. It is challenging for health care specialists to keep up to date with the medical literature. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, the polymorphisms of interleukin and interleukin genes and the standard available and possible future immunologictargets for RA treatment. The identification of diseaseassociated interleukin and interleukin receptor genes can provide precious insight into the genetic variations prior to disease onset in order to identify the pathways important for RA pathogenesis. The knowledge of the complex genetic background may prove useful for developing novel therapies and making personalized medicine based on the individual's genetics.
基金Supported by the National Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2018FY100106),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41825013,41806189)the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(No.GML2019ZD0407)the K.C.Wong Education Foundation,and the Guangdong Special Support Program of Leading Scientifi c and Technological Innovation(No.2017TX04N442)。
文摘Seahorse embryos are brooded in the enclosed nutrient-rich environment of the male brood pouch,which may be prone to bacterial infection.The immune responses of interleukin(IL)genes in the brood pouch have not been well studied.We identifi ed 13 interleukins in the lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus.Tissue-specifi c expression analysis revealed increased mRNA expression levels of il-1β,il-18,and il-8 in the brood pouch.When challenged with lipopolysaccharide or Vibrio parahaemolyticus,il-1βand il-18 were active as part of the acute and chronic infl ammatory responses,respectively.Importantly,il-8 may be involved in powerful antibacterial immune responses and may be induced by il-1βand il-18 via a process involving the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.These results suggest that il-1β,il-18,and il-8 may play key roles in the antibacterial immune defense of the brood pouch in male seahorses.
文摘Inflammatory reactions in the gastrointestinal tract play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastroenteritis in bovine helminthosis. This study determined the serum concentrations of cytokines induced acute phase proteins (Serum Amyloid A (SAA), Haptoglobin (Hp) and C-reactive protein (CRP)) and the levels of immunoreactive interleukins (IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6) in cattle naturally infected with helminths. We sampled a total of 480 slaughtered cattle of both sexes in a major abattoir in Ibadan, Nigeria. Sedimentation, floatation and modified McMaster techniques were employed to determine the degrees of helminth infections. Animals with eggs per gram (epg) less than 200 were adjudged to be apparently healthy. The serum concentrations of interleukins and acute phase proteins were determined using the Technicon AutoAnalyzer Model AA II. It was found that mean SAA (μg/l) and CRP (%) levels were significantly (P 0.05). Therefore, some acute phase proteins are involved in the pathophysiology of bovine helminthosis and are closely related to the inflammatory activation of the disease. In lieu of these findings, it is suggested that systemic markers of inflammation can identify subjects at high risk of natural bovine helminthosis and that IL-6 and SAA may be used as indicators for bovine helminthosis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81502030。
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the most common malignancies in China with a high morbidity and mortality.AIM To determine whether interleukin(IL)-31, IL-32, and IL-33 can be used as biomarkers for the detection of GC, via evaluating the correlations between their expression and clinicopathological parameters of GC patients.METHODS Tissue array(n = 180) gastric specimens were utilised. IL-31, IL-32, and IL-33 expression in GC and non-GC tissues was detected immunohistochemically. The correlations between IL-31, IL-32, and IL-33 expression in GC and severity of clinicopathological parameters were evaluated. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method/Cox regression. Circulating IL-31, IL-32, and IL-33 were detected by ELISA.RESULTS We found that the expression levels of IL-31, IL-32, and IL-33 were all lower in GC than in adjacent non-GC gastric tissues(P < 0.05). IL-33 in peripheral blood of GC patients was significantly lower than that of healthy individuals(1.50 ± 1.11 vs 9.61 ± 8.00 ng/m L, P <0.05). Decreased IL-31, IL-32, and IL-33 in GC were observed in younger patients(< 60 years), and IL-32 and IL-33 were lower in female patients(P < 0.05). Higher IL-32 correlated with a longer survival in two GC subgroups: T4 invasion depth and TNM I-II stage. Univariate/multivariate analysis revealed that IL-32 was an independent prognostic factor for GC in the T4 stage subgroup. Circulating IL-33 was significantly lower in GC patients at TNM stage IV than in healthy people(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Our findings may provide new insights into the roles of IL-31, IL-32, and IL-33 in the carcinogenesis of GC and demonstrate their relative usefulness as prognostic markers for GC. The underlying mechanism of IL-31, IL-32, and IL-33 actions in GC should be further explored.
文摘Objective To analyze the effect of interleukin 1 beta-IL1B-511C>T polymorphism on lipid-lowering effect of rosuvastatin in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)combined with acute respiratory viral infection(ARVI).Methods Lipid spectrum,concentrations of C-reactive protein and interleukin 1 beta were analyzed,genotyping of IL-1 beta IL1B-511C>T polymorphism(rs16944)using polymerase chain reaction was provided in 119 patients with CHD combined with ARVI,and in control group of 313 patients suffering from CHD without viral infection from Kursk region.Results Statistically significant increase in total cholesterol(TC)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels was determined in patients with CHD combined with ARVI.The effectiveness of TC and LDL-C reduction using rosuvastatin was less pronounced in this group in comparison with patients without ARVI.Conclusion Comparative analysis of the frequencies of alleles in the genotype of interleukin 1 beta-IL1B-511C>T in patients with CHD combined with ARVI and with CHD without ARVI,reveals no differences.
文摘Objective:To detect serum interleukins IL-17 and IL-23 levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and discuss their correlation with the disease activity.Methods:A total of 82 patients with SLE who were treated in the hospital between July 2012 and January 2017 were selected as observation group, and 50 healthy subjects who received physical examination in the hospital during the same period were selected as normal control group. Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels in two groups of subjects were detected, and the median of serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels in the observation group were referred to further divide them into high IL-17 group and low IL-17 group as well as high IL-23 group and low IL-23 group respectively, 41 cases in each group. The levels of immunoglobulin, complement and adhesion molecules were compared between patients with different IL-17 and IL-23 levels.Results:Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels in observation group were higher than those in normal control group. Serum IgA, IgM and IgG levels in high IL-17 group were higher than those in low IL-17 group while C3 level was lower than that in low IL-17 group;serum sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels in high IL-17 group were higher than those in low IL-17 group. Serum IgA, IgM and IgG levels in high IL-23 group were higher than those in low IL-23 group while C3 level was lower than that in low IL-23 group;serum sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels in high IL-23 group were higher than those in low IL-23 group.Conclusion: Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels increase in patients with SLE, and their levels are directly correlated with the disease activity.
文摘In order to investigate whether lipoxin A4 (LXA4) has an antagonistic effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced synthesis of interleukin (IL)-β3, IL-6 and IL-8 in rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC), and to explore the molecular mechanisms of signal pathway in LXA4 actions, cultured PMVEC were treated with LPS, with or without preincubation with LXA4. Proteins of IL-β3, IL-6 and IL-8 in supernatant were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expressions of mRNA of IL-β3, IL-6 and IL-8 were determined by RT-PCR. Expressions of phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) were analyzed by Western blot. Activities of DNA-binding of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) were measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The results showed that LPS induced production of IL-β3, IL-6 and IL-8 in rat PMVEC via MyD88/PI3-K/NF-κB and AP-1 pathway-dependent signal transduction. LPS-stimulated expression of PI3-K, activities of NF-κB and AP-1, secretion of protein and expression of mRNA of IL-β3, IL-6 and IL-8 but not MyD88 expression in PMVEC were inhibited by LXA4 in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, LXA4 inhibits synthesis of IL-β3, IL-6 and IL-8 by down-regulation of PI3-K/NF-κB and AP-1 signal pathway in PMVEC.
基金supported by Hospital Fundacion Nuestra Senora de la Luz,Private Assistance Institution.
文摘Background:Neuroinflammation is an essential event in Parkinson’s disease(PD).Identifying affordable and less invasive biomarkers to make an early diagnosis and monitor therapeutic strategies should be a priority among researchers.The study’s objective was to measure tear levels of cytokines in subjects with PD and their association with motor features and the presence of dry eye symptoms.Methods:A total of 16 subjects with PD and 16 age-and sex-matched controls were included.Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale(MDS-UPDRS),Hoehn and Yahr(HY)stage scale,Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),tear break-up time(TBUT),blink rate(BR),Dry Eye Questionnaire 5(DEQ-5)were examined,and pro-inflammatory cytokines[interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12p70 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)]were quantified in tears using the BD Cytometric Bead Array Human Inflammatory Cytokine Kit.Results:Higher tear TNF-αwere quantified in PD compared to controls(2.94±3.95 vs.0.33±0.49 pg/mL,P=0.008).According to DEQ-5,50.0%(n=8)of PD subjects and 12.5%(n=2)controls had dry eye disease(DED).No differences were found in cytokines concentrations between PD patients with DED compared to those without DED.IL-8 was associated with the HY stage,TBUT,DEQ-5,and a better MoCA score.A higher BR correlated moderately with a lower HY stage(r=−0.645,P=0.007),and DED patients have lower BR in PD(12.14±2.54 vs.9.0±2.06 blinks/minute,P=0.031).Conclusions:PD patients have higher levels of TNF-αin tears than age-and sex-matched HC.IL-8 in tears may be both involved in the severity of the disease and in the development of DED in PD.In addition,our findings suggest that as HY stage increases,indicating a more advanced stage,BR decreases,indicating greater motor impairment.Conversely,the presence of DED is associated with higher levels of bradykinesia in PD patients,suggesting a potential relationship between DED and motor impairment severity.