Surface phonon resonance:A new mechanism for enhancing photonic spin Hall effect and refractive index sensor

Metal-based surface plasmon resonance(SPR)plays an important role in enhancing the photonic spin Hall effect(SHE)and developing sensitive optical sensors.However,the very large negative permittivities of metals limit their applications beyond the near-infrared regime.In this work,we theoretically present a new mechanism to enhance the photonic SHE by taking advantage of SiC-supported surface phonon resonance(SPhR)in the mid-infrared regime.The transverse displacement of photonic SHE is very sensitive to the wavelength of incident light and the thickness of SiC layer.Under the optimal parameter setup,the calculated largest transverse displacement of SiC-based SPhR structure reaches up to 163.8 ym,which is much larger than the condition of SPR.Moreover,an NO_(2) gas sensor based on the SPhR-enhanced photonic SHE is theoretically proposed with the superior sensing performance.Both the intensity and angle sensitivity of this sensor can be effectively manipulated by varying the damping rate of SiC.The results may provide a promising paradigm to enhance the photonic SHE in the mid-infrared region and open up new opportunity of highly sensitive refractive index sensors.

Climate-Vegetation Coverage Interactions in the Hengduan Mountains Area, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau, and Their Downstream Effects

Little is known about the mechanism of climate-vegetation coverage coupled changes in the Tibetan Plateau(TP)region,which is the most climatically sensitive and ecologically fragile region with the highest terrain in the world.This study,using multisource datasets(including satellite data and meteorological observations and reanalysis data)revealed the mutual feedback mechanisms between changes in climate(temperature and precipitation)and vegetation coverage in recent decades in the Hengduan Mountains Area(HMA)of the southeastern TP and their influences on climate in the downstream region,the Sichuan Basin(SCB).There is mutual facilitation between rising air temperature and increasing vegetation coverage in the HMA,which is most significant during winter,and then during spring,but insignificant during summer and autumn.Rising temperature significantly enhances local vegetation coverage,and vegetation greening in turn heats the atmosphere via enhancing net heat flux from the surface to the atmosphere.The atmospheric heating anomaly over the HMA thickens the atmospheric column and increases upper air pressure.The high pressure anomaly disperses downstream via the westerly flow,expands across the SCB,and eventually increases the SCB temperature.This effect lasts from winter to the following spring,which may cause the maximum increasing trend of the SCB temperature and vegetation coverage in spring.These results are helpful for estimating future trends in climate and eco-environmental variations in the HMA and SCB under warming scenarios,as well as seasonal forecasting based on the connection between the HMA eco-environment and SCB climate.

Numerical investigation of the effects of soil-structure and granular material-structure interaction on the seismic response of a flat-bottom reinforced concrete silo

In this work,a numerical study of the effects of soil-structure interaction(SSI)and granular material-structure interaction(GSI)on the nonlinear response and seismic capacity of flat-bottomed storage silos is conducted.A series of incremental dynamic analyses(IDA)are performed on a case of large reinforced concrete silo using 10 seismic recordings.The IDA results are given by two average IDA capacity curves,which are represented,as well as the seismic capacity of the studied structure,with and without a consideration of the SSI while accounting for the effect of GSI.These curves are used to quantify and evaluate the damage of the studied silo by utilizing two damage indices,one based on dissipated energy and the other on displacement and dissipated energy.The cumulative energy dissipation curves obtained by the average IDA capacity curves with and without SSI are presented as a function of the base shear,and these curves allow one to obtain the two critical points and the different limit states of the structure.It is observed that the SSI and GSI significantly influence the seismic response and capacity of the studied structure,particularly at higher levels of PGA.Moreover,the effect of the SSI reduces the damage index of the studied structure by 4%.

Clinical effect of acupuncture at ghost points combined with fluoxetine hydrochloride on mild-to-moderate depression

BACKGROUND Depression is a common,chronic,and recurrent mood disorder that has become a worldwide health hazard.Fluoxetine hydrochloride,a common treatment method,can inhibit 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)recycling in the presynaptic membrane;however,the efficacy of a single drug is inadequate.At present,mildto-moderate depression can be treated with acupuncture of ghost caves,but the clinical curative effect of combined therapy with fluoxetine hydrochloride has not been sufficiently reported.AIM To evaluate the clinical effect of acupuncture at ghost points combined with fluoxetine hydrochloride in the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression.METHODS This retrospective study included 160 patients with mild-to-moderate depression who were admitted to Shanghai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,between January 2022 and June 2023.Patients were separated into a single-agent group(fluoxetine hydrochloride treatment,n=80)and a coalition group(fluoxetine hydrochloride treatment combined with acupuncture at ghost points,n=80).Pre-treatment symptoms were recorded,and the clinical curative effect and adverse reactions[Asberg Antidepressant Side Effects Scale(SERS)]were assessed.Depression before and after treatment[Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)-24],neurotransmitter levels[5-HT,norepinephrine(NE),dopamine(DA)],oxidative stress indicators[superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)],and sleep quality[Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)]were compared.RESULTS The total efficacy rate was 97.50%in the coalition group and 86.25%in the single-agent group(P<0.05).After 2,4,6,and 8 wk of treatment,the HAMD,self-rating depression scale,and SERS scores of the coalition and single-agent groups decreased compared with pre-treatment,and the decrease was more significant in the coalition group(P<0.05).After 8 wk of treatment,the levels of NE,DA,5-HT,and SOD in the coalition and single-agent groups increased,while the levels of MDA decreased;the increases and decrease in the coalition group were more significant(P<0.05).The PSQI scores of the coalition and single-agent groups decreased,and the decrease was more significant in the coalition group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Acupuncture at ghost points combined with paroxetine tablets can safely improve depressive symptoms and sleep disorders,regulate neurotransmitter levels,and reduce stress responses in patients with mild-to-moderate depression.

Comparative Research of Residents' Effect Perception and Participation Capacity and Willingness on Pro-poor Tourism

In this article,comparative research on residents' effect perception,participation capacity and willingness on Pro-poor Tourism( PPT) is given based on the questionnaire carried out in Wulong County and Fengjie County in Three Gorges Area,Chongqing,China. Some technologies,such as SPSS 13. 0,ANOVA and T-test are applied to analyze the data and results show Wulong residents' perception behavior is better than that of Fengjie residents. Moreover,the residents with different demographic characteristics have different participation behavior.Finally,multiple regression analysis is applied to identify the key factors influencing residents' perception behavior,that is participation willingness and positive economic effect perception,positive social and cultural effect perception and participation capacity.

Evaluation of Spectral Scale Effects in Estimation of Vegetation Leaf Area Index Using Spectral Indices Methods

Spectral index methodology has been widely used in Leaf Area Index(LAI) retrieval at different spatial scales. There are differences in the spectral response of different remote sensors and thus spectral scale effect generated during the use of spectral indices to retrieve LAI. In this study, PROSPECT, leaf optical properties model and Scattering by Arbitrarily Inclined Layers(SAIL) model, were used to simulate canopy spectral reflectance with a bandwidth of 5 nm and a Gaussian spectral response function was employed to simulate the spectral data at six bandwidths ranging from 10 to 35 nm. Additionally, for bandwidths from 5 to 35 nm, the correlation between the spectral index and LAI, and the sensitivities of the spectral index to changes in LAI and bandwidth were analyzed. Finally, the reflectance data at six bandwidths ranging from 40 to 65 nm were used to verify the spectral scale effect generated during the use of the spectral index to retrieve LAI. Results indicate that Vegetation Index of the Universal Pattern Decomposition(VIUPD) had the highest accuracy during LAI retrieval. Followed by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI), Modified Simple Ratio Indices(MSRI) and Triangle Vegetation Index(TVI), although the coefficient of determination R^2 was higher than 0.96, the retrieved LAI values were less than the actual value and thus lacked validity. Other spectral indices were significantly affected by the spectral scale effect with poor retrieval results. In this study, VIUPD, which exhibited a relatively good correlation and sensitivity to LAI, was less affected by the spectral scale effect and had a relatively good retrieval capability. This conclusion supports a purported feature independent of the sensor of this model and also confirms the great potential of VIUPD for retrieval of physicochemical parameters of vegetation using multi-source remote sensing data.

Effect of Alligator Pepper on Litter Weight of Rats Fed on High Glycemic Index Diet

This study was carried out to find out if alligator pepper can prevent the development of fetal macrosomia in Sprague-Dawley rats fed with high glycemic index diet. Fifteen adult female Sprague-Dawley rats of proven fertility were acclimatized for a period of two weeks in a well-ventilated laboratory and fed with grower’s mash and water ad libitum. Thereafter, they were randomly placed in separate cages after which a male Sprague-Dawley rat of proven fertility was introduced into each of the cages containing the female rats. They were left in the cages for three days during, which mating was confirmed to have occurred. The male rats were then withdrawn from the female rats, which were placed in separate maternity cages. The female rats were randomly allocated to three groups A, B and C so there were 5 pregnant rats in each group. The rats in group A were fed with 50 g of grower’s mash daily while the rats in groups B and C were fed with 50 g of cooked fermented cassava respectively. All rats were given water ad libitum throughout the duration of the experiment. The rats in groups A and B were intraperitoneally injected with 13.3 ml per Kg body weight of distilled water while the rats in group C were intraperitoneally injected with 13.3 mg/Kg body weight of aqueous extract of alligator pepper respectively. They were observed for 18 - 25 days. The litters of the rats in group B had a significantly higher mean weight than the rats in group A while the litters of the rats in group C had a significantly lower mean weight than the rats in groups B. It was concluded that intraperitoneally injected aqueous extract of alligator pepper, in the first trimester of pregnancy, can prevent the development of fetal macrosomia in Sprague-Dawley rats.

On the Validity of the Effective Index Method for Long Period Grating Photonic Crystal Fibers

This paper focuses on the investigation of modal characteristics and sensing properties of long period grating photonic crystal fibers (LPG-PCFs). An improved effective index method is employed with an objective to study its limitations for various designs of LPG-PCFs. Results so obtained with the above method are compared with the corresponding values of multiple multipole (MMP) method results which points the range of validity and applicability of the improved effective index method to LPG-PCFs. It is shown that this method is excellent when the surrounding media is assumed to be air. However, it becomes less accurate when the fiber is immersed into a liquid with a refractive index close to that of the cladding.

Effect of successive irrigation of subarachnoid cavity on body temperature and cerebrospinal fluid-related index in suppurative meningitis model dogs

BACKGROUND： At present, suppurative meningitis is mainly treated through anti-infection with antibiotics, depressing encephalic pressure with mannitol , lowering body temperature with drugs , supporting treatment, etc. However, Jt takes a long course of treatment and has poor therapeutic effect. Successive irrigation of subarachnoid cavity maybe have better effect on suppurative meningitis.OBJECTIVE： We compared the successive irrigation of subbarachnoid cavity with routine therapeutic methods to observe the effect of successive irrigation of subarachnoid cavity on the body temperature, cerebrospinal fluid pressure, the number of white blood cell and the level of protein of suppurative meningitis dogs. DESIGN： A randomized and controlled animal experiment SETTING： Institute of Neuroscience, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Yunyang Medical College MATERIALS： Totally 17 healthy adult male Beagle dogs, of common grade, weighing 9 to 10 kg, were involved in the experiment, and raised in the 20 ℃ temperature with relative humidity of 50% for 1 week. They were randomized into 3 groups： normal group （n=5）, control group （n=5） and irrigation group （n=6）. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid was prepared according to the level of glucose and chloride of cerebrospinal fluid of normal dogs, and then it was sterilized with high pressure. METHODS ： This experiment was carried out in the experimental animal center of Yunyang Medical College from April to August 2001. ① After the dogs were anesthetized,1 mL fresh staphylococcus aureus liquid [（1.5-1.6）× 10^9 L 1] was injected into medullary cistern to establish suppurative meningitis models. ② After models were successfully established, intravenous drip infusion of 1.2 ×10^6 U/（kg.d）, muscular injection of sulfadiazine sodium of 100 mg/（kg.d ）and intravenous injection of 200 g/L mannitol of 5 g/（kg .time） for 3 times a day were performed in the control group. The irrigation of subarachnoid meningitis was conducted in the irrigation group besides the routine treatments in the control group： Artificial cerebrospinal fluid was successively injected into the epidural catheter in the waist part. The mixtures of artificial cerebrospinal fluid and inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid flowed out incessantly from epidural catheter of medullary cistern. Irrigation was ended 48 hours later. Dogs were routinely raised in the control group. ③ From the first day after being modeled to the 14^th day after treatment, the rectal temperatures were daily measured in the morning, at noon and in the evening respectively, then the mean temperatures were calculated. From the 2^nd day after being modeled to the 14^th day after treatment, puncture at waist was given once, and the cerebrospinal fluid pressure, the number of white blood cells and the level of protein were measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： The body temperature, cerebrospinal fluid pressure, the number of white blood cells and the level of protein were measured on suppurative meningitis model dogs. RESULTS＂ Totally 17 Beagle dogs were involved in this study.①The body temperatures of dogs were significantly reduced in the control group and in irrigation group on the 1^st day after treatment and lower than suppurative meningitis model dogs on the 2^nd day after being modeled （P 〈 0.05）. The body temperatures were gradually decreased in control group from the 2^nd day after being modeled to the 14^th day after treatment （P 〈 0.01）, but were significantly higher than those of dogs in normal group on the 14^th day after treatment （P 〈 0.05）. The body temperatures of dogs were gradually decreased in irrigation group on the 2^nd day or 3^rd day after treatment （P 〈 0.01） and then were close to the normal body temperature on the 14^th day after treatment. ②There was the same cerebrospinal fluid pressure in control group as in irrigation group on the 2^nd day after being modeled （P 〉 0.05）, but significantly decreased in two groups from the 1s＇ day or 2^nd day after treatment （P 〈 0.01）, and cerebrospinal fluid pressure was close to the normal level in irrigation group. Although the cerebrospinal fluid pressure raised a little on the 3^rd day or 4^th day after treatment in the irrigation group （P〈 0.05）, but recovered to the normal level on the 9^th day after treatment again. It decreased slowly in the control group and still was sig- nificantly higher than normal group on the 14^hd day after treatment （P〈 0.01 ）. ③No significant difference existed in number of white blood cell and the level of protein between control group and irrigation group on the 2^nd day following modeled. Both of them began to significantly decrease on the 1^st and 2^nd day after treatment （P 〈 0.01 ）. Although the number of white blood cell and the level of protein rebounded a little in irrigation group 3 or 4 days after treatment （P〈 0.05）, they were gradually decreased and recovered to normal levels on the 13^th day after treatment. The number of white blood cell and the level of protein slowly decreased in the control group compared with irrigation group and were still significantly higher than normal group on the 14^th day （P〈 0.01 ）. EONELUSEON ： Irrigation of subarachnoid cavity can decrease the body temperature, cerebrospinal fluid pressure, the number of white blood cells and the level of protein at early stage of suppurative meningitis, and the therapeutic effect is better than that of routine treatment.

Research on Affordability Modeling of Aircraft Based on Effectiveness Indexes

With the cost estimation of military aircraft as the research object, this paper aims to study the contradiction between the choice of explanatory variables in index modeling and the maintaining of model validity. It analyzes and establishes a cost estimation modeling concept based on an Effectiveness Index and studies the way to construct Effectiveness Indexes for the sake of cost estimation modeling. Based on a case study, the paper establishes and analyzes the Effectiveness Index-based cost estimation models and DAPCA （Development And Procurement Costs of Aircraft） models developed by the RAND Corparation . The comparison of these models shows that the Effective- ness Index-based cost parameter models not only comprehensively consider the obvious driving parameter indexes of the cost, but reduces the variables of regressive analysis, hence giving the model a higher reliability.

Effects of leaf N concentration and leaf area index on determining rice tillering

Relative tillering rate(RTR)increased linear-ly with the increasing of leaf N concentration(NLV)has been already reported.To testwhether this relationship could be used toquantitatively explain the difference in tilleringamong a wide range of N application,field ex- periments were conducted at the IRRI farm,Los Banos,Laguna,the Philippines.Two in- dica cultivars,IR 72 and IR68284H wereused.For each cultivar,12 treatments includ- ing 4 N levels(0,60,120,and 180kgN·ha)and 3 transplanting spacing(30×20,20×20,and 10×20cm)were arranged in a ran-domized split-plot design with 4 replications.The N treatments were designated as mainplots and spacings as subplots.Fourteen-day-old seedlings were transplanted with 3seedlings per hill.The subplot area was 20m~2.Nitrogen fertilizer was applied as basal,atmidtillering,and at panicle initiation in threeequal splits.P,K,and Zn were applied asbasal at normal dosage.The field was flooded.Plant samples were taken every 7-14 d from 14d after transplanting to flower

Automatic Variable Selection for Single-Index Random Effects Models with Longitudinal Data

We consider the problem of variable selection for the single-index random effects models with longitudinal data. An automatic variable selection procedure is developed using smooth-threshold. The proposed method shares some of the desired features of existing variable selection methods: the resulting estimator enjoys the oracle property;the proposed procedure avoids the convex optimization problem and is flexible and easy to implement. Moreover, we use the penalized weighted deviance criterion for a data-driven choice of the tuning parameters. Simulation studies are carried out to assess the performance of our method, and a real dataset is analyzed for further illustration.

Study on Multi-effect Time Parameters of Ergonomic Validity Index in Low-carbon Residential Kitchen

In the study on functional low-carbon ergonomic validity in buildings,ergonomic validity is different from resource validity which is easy for quantitative analysis. To eliminate the complexity and uncertainty impacts of human factors on quantitative study,it proposes a method of building a parameter of ergonomic validity—multi-effect time by using cardiotachometer to record heart rate change,being used to evaluate the functional low-carbon ergonomic validity targeting at the ontological characteristics of kitchen. This method is used to determine the physical consumption intensity( multi-effect) through heart rate incremental relation based on the principles of physiology and ergonomics,and to confirm the ergonomic validity of environmental factors by the time to complete standard work as well as multi-effect quantitative analysis. The test results show that,under the kitchen operating conditions,the multi-effect( ME) can properly reflect the real-time status of the operator and is easily operated; the parameters obtained are not significantly related to the physiological status of the operator,and multi-effect time( MT) is sensitive to the physical consumption brought about to the operator due to kitchen environmental factors; thus,it can be taken as an objective index,which is simple and easy to operate in residential kitchen functional low-carbon evaluation.

氯酯磺草胺与甲咪唑烟酸复配防除香附子效果及对紫花苜蓿安全性

为明确氯酯磺草胺与甲咪唑烟酸应用于紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)田的可行性,在温室和田间测定了氯酯磺草胺和甲咪唑烟酸复配对香附子(Cyperus rotundus)的防效和紫花苜蓿的安全性。温室试验表明,氯酯磺草胺和甲咪唑烟酸复配对香附子具有很好的防除效果,两者按有效成分用量比1:2~1:4配比对香附子株高和鲜重的共毒系数分别介于131.54~150.46和152.84~180.25,呈明显增效作用,其中1:3的比例配伍的增效最为明显,对紫花苜蓿和香附子之间的株高和鲜重选择性指数分别为1.86和1.56。两地田间试验表明,氯酯磺草胺和甲咪唑烟酸(17.50+52.50)~(25.00+75.00) g·hm^(-2)复配处理对郑州和兰考两地的香附子株防效分别为78.5%~88.5%和82.1%~90.8%、鲜重防效分别为83.4%~92.7%和84.7%~93.6%,增产率分别为28.8%~35.1%和30.5%~38.3%,显著高于氯酯磺草胺和甲咪唑烟酸单用,且避免了单用氯酯磺草胺和甲咪唑烟酸的药害问题,提高了对紫花苜蓿的安全性,表明甲咪唑烟酸和氯酯磺草胺复配可有效防控香附子,对紫花苜蓿的安全性较好,具有良好推广应用前景。

甘肃天水苹果黑星病年消长动态调查及防治药剂筛选

为明确苹果黑星病在甘肃天水的年消长动态、发病规律及筛选高效防治药剂,2023年在苹果生长季持续对苹果黑星病的病叶率和病情指数进行了调查,同时选用10种农药制剂进行田间药剂筛选试验。结果表明,天水地区苹果黑星病在5月中旬开始侵染,7月底达到第一次发病高峰,之后进入病情发展缓慢期,8月下旬至9月下旬,病菌又一次侵染秋梢,达到第二次发病高峰,之后进入病菌越冬预备期。田间防治试验表明,25%苯甲·吡唑酯SC 1000倍液、25%戊唑·异菌脲SC 2500倍液、40%氟硅唑EC 1500倍液和20%烯肟·戊唑醇SC 1000倍液的防效达83.56%~93.12%,可作为首选药剂;12.5%烯唑醇WP 1500倍液、25%吡唑醚菌酯SC 800倍液、12.5%腈菌唑EC 1000倍液和40%咪鲜胺EW 800倍液,防效次之,可作为辅助药剂,与首选药剂交替使用。综上所述,本试验明确了苹果黑星病的年消长动态、发病规律,筛选出了高效防治药剂,为苹果黑星病的有效防控提供了理论依据和技术支撑。

慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液miR-155、miR-21水平及其临床意义

目的检测慢性牙周炎(CP)患者龈沟液中微小RNA-155(miR-155)、微小RNA-21(miR-21)表达水平变化及其临床意义。方法选择2021年10月至2022年10月该院142例CP患者作为CP组,根据牙周炎严重程度分为轻度CP组、中度CP组、重度CP组。随访1个月,根据临床疗效分为疗效良好组、疗效较差组。同期142例健康志愿者作为对照组。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测龈沟液miR-155、miR-21表达水平。利用Pearson相关分析CP患者龈沟液miR-155、miR-21表达水平与牙龈指数(GI)、牙槽骨吸收程度(ABL)、探诊深度(PD)、附着丧失(AL)的相关性。采用多因素Logistic回归分析CP患者疗效的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估miR-155、miR-21对CP患者疗效的预测价值。结果CP组miR-155、miR-21表达水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。CP组PD、AL、ABL、GI明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。轻度CP组、中度CP组、重度CP组miR-155、miR-21表达水平依次升高(P<0.05)。疗效较差组miR-155、miR-21表达水平高于疗效良好组(P<0.05)。龈沟液miR-155、miR-21表达水平均与PD、AL、ABL、GI呈正相关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,病情严重程度、miR-155、miR-21是CP患者疗效的影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,miR-155、miR-21预测CP患者疗效较差的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.937(95%CI:0.888~0.986)、0.818(95%CI:0.715~0.921),二者联合预测的AUC为0.960(95%CI:0.920~0.998),优于单一指标预测。结论CP患者龈沟液miR-155、miR-21表达水平升高,与牙周炎严重程度、牙周临床指标及临床疗效有关,2项指标或可作为CP患者疗效的潜在预测标志物。

长白山区4种针叶林有效叶面积指数遥感精细反演及空间分布规律

[目的]研究快速、准确、宏观获取不同森林类型有效叶面积指数(LAI_(e))的方法,探讨其空间分布规律,为中小尺度森林LAI_(e)遥感产品的开发提供新思路,为林业精细化监测和森林生态系统碳水循环模拟提供科学可靠的技术手段。[方法]以长白山为研究区,基于Sentinel-2A多光谱影像,运用三维卷积神经网络提取研究区4种针叶林型(长白落叶松、樟子松、红松和红皮云杉)的空间分布;采用区分林型和全样本2种方案,分析样地实测LAI_(e)与7种植被指数(增强植被指数、反红边叶绿素指数、改进简单植被指数、归一化水体指数、归一化植被指数、土壤调节植被指数、简单植被指数)的相关关系;利用各林型对应的最优植被指数,构建区分林型和全样本LAI_(e)与植被指数的回归模型,并基于验证样本数据对比区分林型模型、全样本模型和PROSAIL模型在LAI_(e)反演中的精度表现;结合地理因子分析4种针叶林型LAI_(e)空间格局及变化规律。[结果]所有样本组中7种植被指数与相对的LAI_(e)均存在极显著相关关系(P<0.01),除增强植被指数(EVI)与红松LAI_(e)、简单植被指数(SR)与红皮云杉LAI_(e)外,相关系数均大于0.6,但组间LAI_(e)与不同植被指数相关性具有较大差异;红松、长白落叶松和樟子松LAI_(e)与反红边叶绿素指数(IRECI)相关性最高,红皮云杉、红松LAI_(e)分别与EVI、改进简单植被指数(MSR)相关性最高;4种不同林型模型比全样本模型的R2提高12.7%以上,RMSE降低34.5%;研究区内4种林型LAI_(e)范围在0.37~5.86之间,平均LAI_(e)由高至低依次为红松、长白落叶松、樟子松、红皮云杉。红松对海拔、坡度、坡向的变化最为敏感,红皮云杉、樟子松次之,长白落叶松最小。[结论]不同林型LAI_(e)与遥感植被指数的相关程度存在明显差异,区分林型构建回归模型能够提高LAI_(e)反演精度;区分林型后拟合的线性模型精度整体较PROSAIL模型和全样本模型更高,但LAI_(e)高值区域没有PROSAIL模型表现稳定;4种针叶林型LAI_(e)对地理因子变化的反应差异较大。本研究可为精细区分森林类型的中小尺度针叶林LAI_(e)遥感反演研究提供参考。

老年营养风险指数对腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎患者治疗效果的评估价值

目的探讨老年营养风险指数(geriatric nutritional risk index,GNRI)对腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎(peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis,PDAP)患者治疗效果的评估价值。方法选取2020年1月—2023年1月于青岛市市立医院就诊的PDAP患者147例作为研究对象,根据患者治疗效果分为治愈组和治疗失败组,比较2组间GNRI分值及临床特征差异,分析GNRI分值与PDAP患者治疗效果的关系。结果治愈组患者102例,治疗失败组患者45例,其中患者死亡25例、拔管10例、转院治疗10例。与治愈组相比,治疗失败组患者GNRI分值、体质量指数、血红蛋白、白蛋白(ALB)降低(t=5.134、7.517、2.336、3.259,P<0.001、<0.001、0.021、0.001),透析龄高于治愈组(t=10.924,P<0.001)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示GNRI分值下降(OR=0.541,95%CI:0.335~0.872,P<0.001)、ALB下降(OR=0.638,95%CI:0.494~0.825,P<0.001)和透析龄延长(OR=1.674,95%CI:1.081~2.591,P<0.001)是PDAP患者治疗失败的独立危险预测因素。ROC曲线分析显示GNRI分值预测PDAP患者治疗失败的ROC曲线下面积为0.735,敏感度为89.55%,特异度为75.43%,约登指数为0.649,最佳预测值为90.53分。结论GNRI分值下降是PDAP患者治疗失败的独立危险预测因素,且对PDAP患者治疗失败具有较高的预测效能,及早纠正患者营养状态可改善患者治疗效果。

基于功能依赖网的评估指标体系构建

评估指标体系是用户针对评估问题建立的解决评估问题的概念模型,在作战效果评估中直接体现军事训练评估的需求,构建兼具系统性和代表性的作战能力指标体系对作战能力的评估具有重要的意义。从部队作战的军事需求和评估指标构建的实际情况出发,引入功能依赖网理论,对评估指标体系进行结构性改进,将传统树形结构的指标体系改进为网络化结构,弱化了评估指标独立性的要求,增加了节点和节点之间的容错性,更好地体现了评估指标间的约束关系,做到评估指标体系的有效、可测以及协调,对训练过程和结果进行全面、动态、准确的评估和实时反馈,真正发挥演习训练的作用。

超效率SBM-Malmquist模型在燃气管道完整性管理效能评价中的应用

为解决燃气管道完整性管理效能评价时,无法准确对比各评价单元完整性管理水平的差异,以及无法动态测算同一评价单元完整性管理效能的问题,提出了一种基于超效率松弛值测算(Slacks-Based Measure, SBM)的模型和Malmquist模型相结合的方法,对管道完整性管理效能评价进行研究。首先,综合考虑完整性管理实施过程、效果与效益,并结合专家意见和相关规范标准,构建效能评价指标体系,该指标体系由3项一级指标和14项二级指标进行表征。其次,采用考虑非期望产出的超效率SBM模型解决各评价单元的比较与排序问题,再将Malmquist模型与超效率SBM模型相结合,测算各评价单元效能的动态变化趋势。最后,针对5家燃气公司在2019—2022年的完整性管理效能,采用所提出的效能评价模型开展评价。结果表明,超效率SBM模型和Malmquist模型相结合是实现管道完整性管理效能客观定量评价的有效方法,通过横向对比和动态测度发现短板并提出针对性的改进意见,其分析结果与实际工程相吻合,证明该方法能够有效评估完整性管理效能,为管道完整性管理提供了一种评价思路。