Following improvements in evidential thinking,more questions have been raised about the probative values of criminal investigation records;therefore,there is an urgent need to investigate the prominent problems with t...Following improvements in evidential thinking,more questions have been raised about the probative values of criminal investigation records;therefore,there is an urgent need to investigate the prominent problems with this system for keeping investigation notes and evidence.The binding 2013 Criminal Procedural Law of the People’s Republic of China lists the victim’s statement,defendant’s confession or defence,inspection,examination,identification,and investigation notes as statutory evidence.Technically,these criminal investigation records are naturally legally admissible as evidenced in criminal justice procedures.However,the Miranda rules of the United States,which guarantee the defendant’s right to silence,have not been established in China's Mainland.Consequently,the objectivity of those kinds of criminal investigation records can be questioned during cross‑examination.Comparative and systematic research methods were used to examine the probative values and their affecting factors in criminal investigation records.The results show that it is not easy to obtain the full probative value of criminal investigation records because it involves analyses of issues such as understanding the notes,procedures,and methods in making the records,as well as the reform of related systems,such as transplanting the Miranda rules to secure the defendant’s right to silence and the presence of counsel.Only in this way can we expect evidence used in criminal investigation records to be used scientifically by ensuring that evidence of criminal acts are kept free from irrational contamination and resolve the existing related problems in judicial practice.展开更多
将专利组合设计的思想与发明问题解决理论(theory of inlentive prob,TRIZ)创新方法相集成,提出基于企业核心技术的专利组合设计模型。在此模型的基础上,将TRIZ方法与专利组合类型进行分类匹配,建立基于TRIZ理论的专利组合设计流程,用...将专利组合设计的思想与发明问题解决理论(theory of inlentive prob,TRIZ)创新方法相集成,提出基于企业核心技术的专利组合设计模型。在此模型的基础上,将TRIZ方法与专利组合类型进行分类匹配,建立基于TRIZ理论的专利组合设计流程,用不同的TRIZ方法构建相应的专利组合。以TRIZ理论为依据,将创新方法学、专利法律学、管理学等学科交叉进行协同创新设计研究,符合国家知识产权战略及企业的专利战略,能够培育企业的核心竞争力。展开更多
This study surveyed what problems and puzzles college students have in English speaking and listening. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 157 English-major students in South-Central University for Nationalitie...This study surveyed what problems and puzzles college students have in English speaking and listening. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 157 English-major students in South-Central University for Nationalities. The result suggests that they seemed to be very anxious in communicating in English. Their problems are analyzed from the perspective of sociolinguistics and traced back to the way they are taught. This study calls for awareness of the current problems in college English listening and speaking course and provides solutions to them.展开更多
Objective In Corynebacterium crenatum,the adjacent D311 and D312 of N-acetyl-L-glutamate kinase(NAGK),as a key rate-limiting enzyme of L-arginine biosynthesis under substrate regulatory control by arginine,were initia...Objective In Corynebacterium crenatum,the adjacent D311 and D312 of N-acetyl-L-glutamate kinase(NAGK),as a key rate-limiting enzyme of L-arginine biosynthesis under substrate regulatory control by arginine,were initially replaced with two arginine residues to investigate the L-arginine feedback inhibition for NAGK.Methods NAGK enzyme expression was evaluated using a plasmid-based method.Homologous recombination was employed to eliminate the pro B.Results The IC50 and enzyme activity of NAGK M4,in which the D311 R and D312 R amino acid substitutions were combined with the previously reported E19 R and H26 E substitutions,were 3.7-fold and 14.6% higher,respectively,than those of the wild-type NAGK.NAGK M4 was successfully introduced into the C.crenatum MT genome without any genetic markers;the L-arginine yield of C.crenatum MT-M4 was 26.2% higher than that of C.crenatum MT.To further improve upon the L-arginine yield,we constructed the mutant C.crenatum MT-M4 ?pro B.The optimum concentration of L-proline was also investigated in order to determine its contribution to L-arginine yield.After L-proline was added to the medium at 10 mmol/L,the L-arginine yield reached 16.5 g/L after 108 h of shake-flask fermentation,approximately 70.1% higher than the yield attained using C.crenatum MT.Conclusion Feedback inhibition of L-arginine on NAGK in C.crenatum is clearly alleviated by the M4 mutation of NAGK,and deletion of the pro B in C.crenatum from MT to M4 results in a significant increase in arginine production.展开更多
The vehicle routing problem (VRP) can be described as the problem of designing the optimal delivery or collection routes from one or several depots to a number of geographically scattered customers, subject to load co...The vehicle routing problem (VRP) can be described as the problem of designing the optimal delivery or collection routes from one or several depots to a number of geographically scattered customers, subject to load constraints. The routing decision involves determining which of the demand s will be satisfied by each vehicle and what route each vehicle will follow in s erving its assigned demand in order to minimize total delivery cost. In this pap er, a methodology for the design of VRP by integrating optimization and simulate d annealing (SA) approach is presented hierarchically. To express the problem of vehicle routing, a new mathematical formulation is first conducted. The objecti ve function involves both the delivery cost and the vehicle acquisition cost wit h load constraints. A heuristic is then proposed to solve this problem by using SA procedure in conjunction with any solution procedure of travelling salesman p roblem (TSP). The initial configuration is arranged as one vehicle route ser ving one customer. The SA searching procedure is then developed to combine custo mer to any one of the vehicle routes existed in the system if the capacity and c ost are attractive. An important concept of this proposed heuristic is that it attempts to minimize total number of vehicle required in the system on the b asis of the fixed cost and the variable cost view points. In addition, this appr oach can be easily adapted to accommodate many additional problem complexities.展开更多
We propose two variants of tailored finite point(TFP)methods for discretizing two dimensional singular perturbed eigenvalue(SPE)problems.A continuation method and an iterative method are exploited for solving discreti...We propose two variants of tailored finite point(TFP)methods for discretizing two dimensional singular perturbed eigenvalue(SPE)problems.A continuation method and an iterative method are exploited for solving discretized systems of equations to obtain the eigen-pairs of the SPE.We study the analytical solutions of two special cases of the SPE,and provide an asymptotic analysis for the solutions.The theoretical results are verified in the numerical experiments.The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed schemes effectively resolve the delta function like of the eigenfunctions on relatively coarse grid.展开更多
20130638 Li Li (School of Geosciences and Resources , China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083 , China); Liu Shaofeng The Distribution and Tectonic Analysis of Lunar Lineaments in Mare Basin (Geological Bullet...20130638 Li Li (School of Geosciences and Resources , China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083 , China); Liu Shaofeng The Distribution and Tectonic Analysis of Lunar Lineaments in Mare Basin (Geological Bulletin of China , ISSN1671-2552 , CN11-4648/P , 31 (6), 2012 , p.943-953 , 6illus. , 1table , 41refs.) Key words : maria Lunar展开更多
文摘Following improvements in evidential thinking,more questions have been raised about the probative values of criminal investigation records;therefore,there is an urgent need to investigate the prominent problems with this system for keeping investigation notes and evidence.The binding 2013 Criminal Procedural Law of the People’s Republic of China lists the victim’s statement,defendant’s confession or defence,inspection,examination,identification,and investigation notes as statutory evidence.Technically,these criminal investigation records are naturally legally admissible as evidenced in criminal justice procedures.However,the Miranda rules of the United States,which guarantee the defendant’s right to silence,have not been established in China's Mainland.Consequently,the objectivity of those kinds of criminal investigation records can be questioned during cross‑examination.Comparative and systematic research methods were used to examine the probative values and their affecting factors in criminal investigation records.The results show that it is not easy to obtain the full probative value of criminal investigation records because it involves analyses of issues such as understanding the notes,procedures,and methods in making the records,as well as the reform of related systems,such as transplanting the Miranda rules to secure the defendant’s right to silence and the presence of counsel.Only in this way can we expect evidence used in criminal investigation records to be used scientifically by ensuring that evidence of criminal acts are kept free from irrational contamination and resolve the existing related problems in judicial practice.
文摘将专利组合设计的思想与发明问题解决理论(theory of inlentive prob,TRIZ)创新方法相集成,提出基于企业核心技术的专利组合设计模型。在此模型的基础上,将TRIZ方法与专利组合类型进行分类匹配,建立基于TRIZ理论的专利组合设计流程,用不同的TRIZ方法构建相应的专利组合。以TRIZ理论为依据,将创新方法学、专利法律学、管理学等学科交叉进行协同创新设计研究,符合国家知识产权战略及企业的专利战略,能够培育企业的核心竞争力。
文摘This study surveyed what problems and puzzles college students have in English speaking and listening. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 157 English-major students in South-Central University for Nationalities. The result suggests that they seemed to be very anxious in communicating in English. Their problems are analyzed from the perspective of sociolinguistics and traced back to the way they are taught. This study calls for awareness of the current problems in college English listening and speaking course and provides solutions to them.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31360219 and No.30960012the Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule,Ministry of Education,Jiangxi Normal University(No.KLFS-KF-201414)
文摘Objective In Corynebacterium crenatum,the adjacent D311 and D312 of N-acetyl-L-glutamate kinase(NAGK),as a key rate-limiting enzyme of L-arginine biosynthesis under substrate regulatory control by arginine,were initially replaced with two arginine residues to investigate the L-arginine feedback inhibition for NAGK.Methods NAGK enzyme expression was evaluated using a plasmid-based method.Homologous recombination was employed to eliminate the pro B.Results The IC50 and enzyme activity of NAGK M4,in which the D311 R and D312 R amino acid substitutions were combined with the previously reported E19 R and H26 E substitutions,were 3.7-fold and 14.6% higher,respectively,than those of the wild-type NAGK.NAGK M4 was successfully introduced into the C.crenatum MT genome without any genetic markers;the L-arginine yield of C.crenatum MT-M4 was 26.2% higher than that of C.crenatum MT.To further improve upon the L-arginine yield,we constructed the mutant C.crenatum MT-M4 ?pro B.The optimum concentration of L-proline was also investigated in order to determine its contribution to L-arginine yield.After L-proline was added to the medium at 10 mmol/L,the L-arginine yield reached 16.5 g/L after 108 h of shake-flask fermentation,approximately 70.1% higher than the yield attained using C.crenatum MT.Conclusion Feedback inhibition of L-arginine on NAGK in C.crenatum is clearly alleviated by the M4 mutation of NAGK,and deletion of the pro B in C.crenatum from MT to M4 results in a significant increase in arginine production.
文摘The vehicle routing problem (VRP) can be described as the problem of designing the optimal delivery or collection routes from one or several depots to a number of geographically scattered customers, subject to load constraints. The routing decision involves determining which of the demand s will be satisfied by each vehicle and what route each vehicle will follow in s erving its assigned demand in order to minimize total delivery cost. In this pap er, a methodology for the design of VRP by integrating optimization and simulate d annealing (SA) approach is presented hierarchically. To express the problem of vehicle routing, a new mathematical formulation is first conducted. The objecti ve function involves both the delivery cost and the vehicle acquisition cost wit h load constraints. A heuristic is then proposed to solve this problem by using SA procedure in conjunction with any solution procedure of travelling salesman p roblem (TSP). The initial configuration is arranged as one vehicle route ser ving one customer. The SA searching procedure is then developed to combine custo mer to any one of the vehicle routes existed in the system if the capacity and c ost are attractive. An important concept of this proposed heuristic is that it attempts to minimize total number of vehicle required in the system on the b asis of the fixed cost and the variable cost view points. In addition, this appr oach can be easily adapted to accommodate many additional problem complexities.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China through NSFC No.11371218 and No.91330203the second author was supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan through NSC 102-2115-M005-005.
文摘We propose two variants of tailored finite point(TFP)methods for discretizing two dimensional singular perturbed eigenvalue(SPE)problems.A continuation method and an iterative method are exploited for solving discretized systems of equations to obtain the eigen-pairs of the SPE.We study the analytical solutions of two special cases of the SPE,and provide an asymptotic analysis for the solutions.The theoretical results are verified in the numerical experiments.The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed schemes effectively resolve the delta function like of the eigenfunctions on relatively coarse grid.
文摘20130638 Li Li (School of Geosciences and Resources , China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083 , China); Liu Shaofeng The Distribution and Tectonic Analysis of Lunar Lineaments in Mare Basin (Geological Bulletin of China , ISSN1671-2552 , CN11-4648/P , 31 (6), 2012 , p.943-953 , 6illus. , 1table , 41refs.) Key words : maria Lunar
