Microstructure and properties of probeless friction stir spot welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy joints

The AZ31 magnesium alloy with a thickness of 1.8 mm was welded by the probeless friction stir spot welding process without Zn interlayer.The influence of process parameters on joint microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated by using different rotating speeds and dwell time.Microstructure of joints is divided into three regions:stir zone,thermomechanically-affected zone and heat-affected zone.With the increase of rotation speed and dwell time,the depth of stir zone gradually increases,and hook defects extend from the interface of two plates to the surface of the upper plate.The tensile shear strength of joints and two fracture modes(shear fracture and plug fracture)are closely related to hook defects.The maximum tensile shear strength of the joint is 4.22 kN when rotation speed and dwell time are 1180 r/min and 9 s,respectively.Microhardness value and its fluctuation in upper sheet are evidently higher than those of the lower sheet.

Microstructure and mechanical optimization of probeless friction stir spot welded joint of an Al-Li alloy

In this work, a third generation AI-Li alloy has been successfully spot welded with probeless friction stir spot welding （P-FSSW）, which is a variant of conventional friction stir welding. The Box-Behnken exper-imental design in response surface methodology （RSM） was applied to optimize the P-FSSW parameters to attain maximum tensile/shear strength of the spot joints. Results show that an optimal failure load of 7.83 kN was obtained under a dwell time of 7.2 s, rotation speed of 950 rpm and plunge rate of 30 mm/rain. Sufficient dwell time is essential for heat conduction, material flow and expansion of the stir zone to form a sound joint. Two fracture modes were observed, which were significantly affected by hook defect. In addition to mechanical testing, electron backscattering diffraction （EBSD） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） were used for microstructure evolution and property analysis. The precipitation of GP zone and AI3Li as well as the ultrafine grains were responsible for the high microhardness in the stir zone.

AA6061-T6铝薄板无针搅拌摩擦点焊接头结构及性能分析

以车身覆盖件用1.5 mm厚AA6061-T6铝薄板为研究对象,采用Box-Behnken试验设计分析了不同焊接参数对无针搅拌摩擦点焊(PFSSW)接头力学性能及断裂模式的影响规律。通过响应面方法(RSM)对PFSSW接头的拉剪性能进行优化。结果表明:焊点的金相呈现“盆形”结构,当搅拌头转速为2950 r/min、下压量为0.6 mm和停留时间为7 s时,接头的最高拉剪失效载荷为6.41 kN。PFSSW焊点断口呈现3种断裂模式。其中,焊核拔出模式下接头的平均失效载荷最高(6.26 kN),界面分离断裂模式最低(4.89 kN),混合断裂模式居中(5.60 kN)。

无针搅拌摩擦点焊材料流动行为及其与接头宏观形貌、晶粒特征的相关性

搅拌摩擦焊接头材料流动行为是优化焊接工艺的根本所在,目前关于无针搅拌摩擦点焊流动行为尚未形成统一的认识。以0.02 mm镍箔为示踪材料,采用轴肩端面具有渐开线凹槽的无针搅拌头,改变旋转速度和焊接时间进行1.8 mm厚2198-T8铝锂合金搭接搅拌摩擦点焊试验,借助微焦点锥束三维CT设备、扫描电镜等测试手段,研究材料流动行为及其对接头宏观形貌、晶粒特征的影响。结果表明,轴肩下方的金属在轴肩挤压和摩擦热作用下先软化,以螺旋形向下向内流动形成搅拌区;随着焊接时间的延长,搅拌区金属向上和向外流动增强,致使搅拌区外缘界面翘曲,形成Hook缺陷。随旋转速度或焊接时间增大,搅拌区金属向下和向上向外流动加剧,焊核的深度和直径增大、晶粒更细小;下板金属软化程度加强,搅拌区外缘下板更多的塑化金属向上向外流动,致使Hook更翘曲。研究结果为深入了解无针搅拌摩擦点焊材料流动行为和优化焊接工艺提供了理论基础。