The Application of Problem Based Learning in Undergraduate Nursing Education: A Strategy for Curriculum Reform

Background: Problem based learning (PBL) is an innovative way of delivering instruction in which problems are used as the basis of learning. Problem based learning was developed in the 1960s by Harold Barrows at McMaster University Medical School in Canada. Since then, PBL had been im-plemented as a teaching method in other reputable education institutions internationally, includ-ing nursing education. Curriculum reform is proposed through PBL in conjunction with patient simulation in undergraduate nursing education. The first author, Tan Kan Ku, PhD Candidate, MHS (Transcultural Mental Health—by Research) worked as a Registered Nurse for more than two decades internationally in England, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia and Australia, where she worked as a Case Manager in Community Mental Health Rehabilitation Program. Since 2001, she focused on nurse education and research into the stigma of mental illness from a cross-cultural perspective. Currently, she teaches Mental Health, Cultural Diversity and Research in the Diploma of Nursing course at Victoria University in Melbourne, Australia, while completing her PhD thesis for examination at Charisma University. The second author, Dr. Michael Ha, FSA, MAAA, CFA, CPA (Australia) FRM, PRM, LLM, is the Founding Director of the MSc Financial Mathematics programme at Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University. He was previously Vice President of Strategic Business In-itiatives Units at ING Life Insurance in its Taiwan operation. Ninety percent of his students are enrolled in the Financial Mathematics programme. They learn not only mathematics and statistics theories but also their applications in the Finance and Investment areas, especially Portfolio Con-struction and Financial Risk Management. Creating a real-world Finance work environment in university lecture-halls embracing theories and practice, Dr. Ha strongly believes the PBL method can be employed in the Financial Mathematics training agenda so students can be better-prepared for work. Students are no longer instructed-learners but active thinkers and problem-solvers. Conclusion: Educators in fields such as Medical, Nursing, Engineering, Financial Mathematics, Ac-counting, Computing, etc., need to be prepared to change their teaching philosophy from didactic to problem solving for PBL to be implemented. Constructive alignment is recommended for curri-culum reform.

The inverse problem based on a full dispersive wave equation

The inverse problem for harmonic waves and wave packets was studied based on a full dispersive wave equation. First, a full dispersive wave equation which describes wave propagation in nondissipative microstructured linear solids is established based on the Mindlin theory, and the dispersion characteristics are discussed. Second, based on the full dispersive wave equation, an inverse problem for determining the four unknown coefficients of wave equa- tion is posed in terms of the frequencies and corresponding wave numbers of four different harmonic waves, and the inverse problem is demonstrated with rigorous mathematical theory. Research proves that the coefficients of wave equation related to material properties can be uniquely determined in cases of normal and anomalous dispersions by measuring the frequen- cies and corresponding wave numbers of four different harmonic waves which propagate in a nondissipative microstructured linear solids.

An innovative approach of using online problem‑based learning and case‑based learning in teaching disaster nursing during the COVID‑19 pandemic

Objective:The objective of this study is to evaluate the learning experience effect of online problem‑based learning(PBL)and case‑based learning(CBL)in teaching disaster nursing.Methods:According to the characteristics of online PBL and CBL,the revised curriculum experience questionnaire(CEQ)was used to evaluate the teaching quality.Cronbach’s coefficient and the reliability of the split‑half reliability questionnaire were calculated.The exploratory factor analysis of 26 items was carried out by principal component analysis and maximum variance rotation method.Kaiser‑Meyer‑Olkin(KMO)and Bartlett’s tests were used to test the validity of the questionnaire.The comparison between groups was performed by one‑way analysis of variance.Results:A total of 191 questionnaires were issued and 183 copies were recovered,with a recovery rate of 95.8%.The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of CEQ is 0.929,and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each dimension is between 0.713 and 0.924.After factor analysis,the KMO value was 0.817.The 26 items finally returned to 6 principal components,and all factor load values were above 0.7,indicating good factor analysis effect.This study found that students who learned disaster nursing had an ideal online learning experience,and the average value of CEQ was 3.74±0.42.In particular,male students,senior students or medical students had a higher curriculum experience score.In addition,compared with the national recruitment,the international students have higher curriculum experience score on the dimension of Appropriate Assessment Scale,indicating that the international students are more inclined to use online PBL and CBL.Conclusions:Using the revised CEQ is an innovative approach to evaluate the effect of online PBL and CBL in teaching disaster nursing,which can improve students’experience and curriculum quality.

The Practice and Exploration of Applying EBM to Bilingual Teaching of Medical Genetics at OSBCM

In the process of teaching medical genetics of undergraduate clinical medicine, the practice and exploration of applying EBM to the bilingual teaching of OSBCM medical genetics are carried out. Using CBL and PBL as the carrier can make up for the shortcomings of a single teaching mode, synthesize the advantages of multiple teaching modes. It starts from integrating the basic theoretical knowledge of medicine and clinical practice knowledge, improving students’ bilingual level of medical genetics, cultivating students’ literature retrieval ability, and promoting early clinical, multi-clinical and repeated clinical consciousness for medical students. Therefore, it is more conducive to cultivate students’ ability to learn independently, accurately analyze and solve problems, improve medical students’ clinical thinking ability and scientific research awareness, improve medical students’ ability of international communication, and lay a solid foundation for improving medical students’ future post competence, innovative spirit and lifelong learning ability.

PBL教学法在“护理临床推理与决策”教学中的应用效果

目的探索以问题为基础的学习(problem-based learning,PBL)在"临床护理推理与决策"课程教学中的应用效果。方法四川大学华西临床医学院2008级护理专业选修"护理临床推理与决策"课程的本科生共39名,在此课程教学中采用PBL教学法,教学结束后向其发放调查问卷并回收分析结果。结果问卷涉及的16个条目平均分最高(4.53±0.603)分,最低(3.68±0.662)分(满分为5分)。PBL课程设置必要性得分4.53分,PBL教学的满意度平均分数为4.29分。除这两项外,平均分高于4分的条目还有明确信息的重要性、有助于发现个人思维缺陷、有助于改正个人思维缺陷、增强团队责任心等9项,其余5项平均得分在3.5分以上。同学普遍认为PBL教学对于独立思考等14项能力有提高作用。结论 PBL教学是行之有效、符合现代医学观念的教学方法,在"临床护理推理与决策"课程中实施PBL教学有助于学生知识的扩展和推理与决策能力的提高。此外,PBL对教师和学生的要求都较高,教师在实施PBL教学时应根据学生的具体情况,灵活运用教学策略,保证PBL教学效果的最大化。

PBL教学法在中医院校心胸外科临床教学中的应用

目的评价"以问题为基础的学习方法 "(P.blem-Based Leaming,PBL)在中医院校心胸外科临床教学中可行性及优越性。方法 2010年1月～2012年1月在我院心胸外科进行临床实习的中医专业学生共46名,根据临床教学模式的不同随机将其分成两组,PBL组和对照组。PBL组全部采用PBL教学方式,对照组全部采用传统教学模式。结果 PBL组理论教学效果优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义,(p<0.05)。PBL组病例分析及拟诊考核成绩优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义,(p<0.05)。PBL教学效果要明显优于传统教学方式。结论 PBL教学有利于培养适合现代社会发展需要的创造型、实用型的医学人才,值得推广应用。在传统教学方式的基础上合理结合应用PBL教学,两者优势互补才能适合现代医学教育。

PBL教学法在消化内科临床实习教学中的应用效果

目的:探讨PBL教学法在消化内科临床实习教学中的应用效果。方法:将2006-2007年度五年制临床医学本科实习医学生随机分为PBL组和传统教学组,分别实施PBL教学法和传统的临床实习教学法,通过出科考试和问卷调查表评价两组学生的临床工作能力,比较两组学生的考试成绩分数和临床工作能力评分。结果:PBL组学生的出科考试成绩明显优于传统教学组,临床工作能力评分上PBL组在病人处理、与同事沟通、团队精神、独立学习能力等方面优于传统教学组。结论:PBL教学法的教学效果优于传统教学法。

基于标签算法的异车型混合集送多属性车辆路径问题研究

文章对异车型混合集送的辆路径问题(Vehicle Routing Problem with heterogeneous fleet,backhaul and mixed-load,VRPHBM)进行研究,提出了一种基于多属性标签的蚁群系统算法(Multi-Label based Ant Colony System简称MLACS)。该算法利用面向对象理念,分别对客户、车辆及其行驶路径构建多属性标签,再通过蚁群算法的搜索规则对客户和车辆标签进行匹配,从而得出满意的车辆行驶路径。通过Solomon标准及其扩展算例和实际案例的验证表明,MLACS具有快速、灵活和稳定等特点,能够很好地解决VRPTW、VRPHBM以及多限制条件的实际应用问题。与本文列出的研究同类型问题文献的其他几种算法相比,MLACS算法在运算时间以及计算结果上明显具有优势,是求解该类问题的有效算法。

基于PBL教学法的会计涉税课程体系设计初探

本文主要讨论了基于PBL教学模式下会计专业涉税课程体系的设置和教学安排的展开。

PBL教学法在电子技术课程教学中的应用

高职工科专业一般设置应用性电子技术课程,学生在这门课程的学习上有一定困难。这种困难源于理论性的数学推导和实际应用之间的距离。为消除这种差距,可采取将PBL教学方法与传统的讲授教学相结合的复合教学方法和采用TINA电子电路设计仿真软件。本文描述了将PBL教学方法结合到以讲授为主的电子技术课堂教学中的方法,概述了TINA电子电路设计仿真软件和课程实现的效果和方向。

Functional Knowledge Representation Based on Problem Reduction

This paper proposes an approach for functional knowledge representation based on problem reduction,which represents the organization of problem-solving activities in two levels:reduction and reasoning.The former makes the functional plans for problem-solving while the latter constructs functional units, called handlers,for executing subproblems designated by these plans.This approach emphasizes that the representation of domain knowledge should be closely combined with(rather than separated from)its use therefore provides a set of reasoning-level primitives to construct handlers and formulate the control strate- gies for executing them.As reduction-level primitives,handlers are used to construct handler-associative networks,which become the executable representation of problem-reduction graphs,in order to realize the problem-solving methods suited to domain features.Besides,handlers and their control slots can be used to focus the attention of knowledge acquisition and reasoning control.

Competition Based Neural Networks for Assignment Problems

Competition based neural networks have been used to solve the generalized assignment problem andthe quadratic assignment problem.Both problems are very difficult and are ε approximation complete.Theneural network approach has yielded highly competitive performance and good performance for thequadratic assignment problem.These neural networks are guaranteed to produce feasible solutions.

Optimal Unit Commitment with Renewable Energy in Regulated and Deregulated Systems

In this paper, the impact of the wind power generation system on the total cost and profit of the system is studied by using the proposed procedure of binary Sine Cosine (BSC) optimization algorithm with optimal priority list (OPL) algorithm. As well, investigate the advantages of system transformation from a regulated system to a deregulated system and the difference in the objective functions of the two systems. The suggested procedure is carried out in two parallel algorithms;The goal of the first algorithm is to reduce the space of searching by using OPL, while the second algorithm adjusts BSC to get the optimal economic dispatch with minimum operation cost of the unit commitment (UCP) problem in the regulated system. But, in the deregulated system, the second algorithm adopts the BSC technique to find the optimal solution to the profit-based unit commitment problem (PBUCP), through the fast of researching the BSC technique. The proposed procedure is applied to IEEE 10-unit test system integrated with the wind generator system. While the second is an actual system in the Egyptian site at Hurghada. The results of this algorithm are compared with previous literature to illustrate the efficiency and capability of this algorithm. Based on the results obtained in the regulated system, the suggested procedure gives better results than the algorithm in previous literature, saves computational efforts, and increases the efficiency of the output power of each unit in the system and lowers the price of kWh. Besides, in the deregulated system the profit is high and the system is more reliable.

Lightweight Trusted Security for Emergency Communication Networks of Small Groups

Public communication infrastructures are susceptible to disasters. Thus, the Emergency Communication Networks(ECNs) of small groups are necessary to maintain real-time communication during disasters. Given that ECNs are self-built by users, the unavailability of infrastructures and the openness of wireless channels render them insecure. ECN security, however, is a rarely studied issue despite of its importance. Here, we propose a security scheme for the ECNs of small groups. Our scheme is based on the optimized Byzantine Generals’ Problem combined with the analysis of trusted security problems in ECNs. Applying the Byzantine Generals’ Problem to ECNs is a novel approach to realize two new functions, debugging and error correction, for ensuring system consistency and accuracy. Given the limitation of terminal devices, the lightweight fast ECDSA algorithm is introduced to guarantee the integrity and security of communication and the efficiency of the network. We implement a simulation to verify the feasibility of the algorithm after theoretical optimization.