This paper proposes an approach for functional knowledge representation based on problem reduction,which represents the organization of problem-solving activities in two levels:reduction and reasoning.The former makes...This paper proposes an approach for functional knowledge representation based on problem reduction,which represents the organization of problem-solving activities in two levels:reduction and reasoning.The former makes the functional plans for problem-solving while the latter constructs functional units, called handlers,for executing subproblems designated by these plans.This approach emphasizes that the representation of domain knowledge should be closely combined with(rather than separated from)its use therefore provides a set of reasoning-level primitives to construct handlers and formulate the control strate- gies for executing them.As reduction-level primitives,handlers are used to construct handler-associative networks,which become the executable representation of problem-reduction graphs,in order to realize the problem-solving methods suited to domain features.Besides,handlers and their control slots can be used to focus the attention of knowledge acquisition and reasoning control.展开更多
Potential field due to line sources residing on slender heterogeneities is involved in various areas,such as heat conduction,potential flow,and electrostatics.Often dipolar line sources are either prescribed or induce...Potential field due to line sources residing on slender heterogeneities is involved in various areas,such as heat conduction,potential flow,and electrostatics.Often dipolar line sources are either prescribed or induced due to close interaction with other objects.Its calculation requires a higher-order scheme to take into account the dipolar effect as well as net source effect.In the present work,we apply such a higher-order line element method to analyze the potential field with cylindrical slender heterogeneities.In a benchmark example of two parallel rods,we compare the line element solution with the boundary element solution to show the accuracy as a function in terms of rods distance.Furthermore,we use more complicated examples to demonstrate the capability of the line element technique.展开更多
The presented paper is dedicated to a new ret-rospective view on the history of natural sci-ences in XX-XXI cc, partially including the sci-ence philosophy (mainly, the problems of the scientific realism, i.e. the cor...The presented paper is dedicated to a new ret-rospective view on the history of natural sci-ences in XX-XXI cc, partially including the sci-ence philosophy (mainly, the problems of the scientific realism, i.e. the correspondence of science to reality) and also a novel scheme for different classes of sciences with different ob-jects and paradigms. There are analyzed the chosen “great” and “grand” problems of phys-ics (including the comprehension of quantum mechanics, with a recently elaborated new chapter, connected with time as a quantum obs- ervable and time analysis of quantum processes) and also of natural sciences as a whole. The particular attention is paid to the interpretation questions and slightly to the aspects, inevitably connected with the world- views of the res- earchers (which do often constitute a part of the interpretation questions).展开更多
基金This research was supported by National High-tech Program(863 Program)of P.R.China.
文摘This paper proposes an approach for functional knowledge representation based on problem reduction,which represents the organization of problem-solving activities in two levels:reduction and reasoning.The former makes the functional plans for problem-solving while the latter constructs functional units, called handlers,for executing subproblems designated by these plans.This approach emphasizes that the representation of domain knowledge should be closely combined with(rather than separated from)its use therefore provides a set of reasoning-level primitives to construct handlers and formulate the control strate- gies for executing them.As reduction-level primitives,handlers are used to construct handler-associative networks,which become the executable representation of problem-reduction graphs,in order to realize the problem-solving methods suited to domain features.Besides,handlers and their control slots can be used to focus the attention of knowledge acquisition and reasoning control.
文摘Potential field due to line sources residing on slender heterogeneities is involved in various areas,such as heat conduction,potential flow,and electrostatics.Often dipolar line sources are either prescribed or induced due to close interaction with other objects.Its calculation requires a higher-order scheme to take into account the dipolar effect as well as net source effect.In the present work,we apply such a higher-order line element method to analyze the potential field with cylindrical slender heterogeneities.In a benchmark example of two parallel rods,we compare the line element solution with the boundary element solution to show the accuracy as a function in terms of rods distance.Furthermore,we use more complicated examples to demonstrate the capability of the line element technique.
文摘The presented paper is dedicated to a new ret-rospective view on the history of natural sci-ences in XX-XXI cc, partially including the sci-ence philosophy (mainly, the problems of the scientific realism, i.e. the correspondence of science to reality) and also a novel scheme for different classes of sciences with different ob-jects and paradigms. There are analyzed the chosen “great” and “grand” problems of phys-ics (including the comprehension of quantum mechanics, with a recently elaborated new chapter, connected with time as a quantum obs- ervable and time analysis of quantum processes) and also of natural sciences as a whole. The particular attention is paid to the interpretation questions and slightly to the aspects, inevitably connected with the world- views of the res- earchers (which do often constitute a part of the interpretation questions).
