Functional Knowledge Representation Based on Problem Reduction

This paper proposes an approach for functional knowledge representation based on problem reduction,which represents the organization of problem-solving activities in two levels:reduction and reasoning.The former makes the functional plans for problem-solving while the latter constructs functional units, called handlers,for executing subproblems designated by these plans.This approach emphasizes that the representation of domain knowledge should be closely combined with(rather than separated from)its use therefore provides a set of reasoning-level primitives to construct handlers and formulate the control strate- gies for executing them.As reduction-level primitives,handlers are used to construct handler-associative networks,which become the executable representation of problem-reduction graphs,in order to realize the problem-solving methods suited to domain features.Besides,handlers and their control slots can be used to focus the attention of knowledge acquisition and reasoning control.

康德自我概念中的循环问题——一种表象主义批判的视角

康德通过对休谟和笛卡尔关于自我问题的诊断,发现自我只能作为毫无内容的先验主体,对自我的追问无法通过直接认识,只能诉诸回溯性的反思模式。但是对自我的反思出现了循环论的问题,对自我的反思事先预设了对自我的认识。本文通过对康德表象主义立场的分析,发现自我循环的问题不可避免,只有否定表象主义路线才有可能解决。通过对康德之后的反表象主义路径的分析,发现只有恢复行动的本原地位才能解决康德自我概念中的问题。