China's construction of a manufacturer of quality mainly relies on infrastructure improvement, cutting-edge technological breakthroughs, manufacturing development at the enterprise, sector and region levels, and t...China's construction of a manufacturer of quality mainly relies on infrastructure improvement, cutting-edge technological breakthroughs, manufacturing development at the enterprise, sector and region levels, and the enactment and implementation of supporting policies, which can be combined to form an action framework for the construction of building China into a manufacturer of quality. At present, there are still some weak areas in China's construction of a manufacturer of quality, such as backward technologies comparing with world's leading players in some areas, limited contributes to the formulation of international standards, insu cient invests in building a system of supporting policies concerning nance, banking and taxation, and scant attention to cultural development as a manufacturer of quality. China should attach more importance to the technological research and development in these weak areas, align its manufacturing standards system with international standards, improve its system of supporting policies concerning nance, banking and taxation, and make more e orts in the development of advanced manufacturing system.展开更多
Caring has long been recognized as central to nursing and is increasingly posited as a core concept although developing a theoretical description of caring which is adequate in the 21st. century continues to be a diff...Caring has long been recognized as central to nursing and is increasingly posited as a core concept although developing a theoretical description of caring which is adequate in the 21st. century continues to be a difficult task for nursing scholars. Consequently, verifying existing theoretical structures of caring remains an ongoing challenge. The aim of this article is to provide empirical verification of the caring processes of “knowing,” “being with,” “doing for,” “enabling” and “maintaining belief” from Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory based on the categorization of nursing actions from a systematic literature review on care. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in the fields of nursing sciences, medicine and psychology. Purposeful sampling was carried out covering a period from 2003-2013. The final sample included 25 articles. Results: Major themes of nursing actions included “knowing” which consisted of centering, nurturing, informed understanding, assessment skills, communication and respect for individual differences. “Being with” was characterized by intimate relationship, connecting, presencing, emotional adaptability awareness of self/other and decentering. “Doing for” included competence, knowledge, professional/technical skills, helping actions, anticipatory, multidisciplinary and preserving dignity. “Enabling” was characterized by self care, commitment, complexity of care, appropriate communication, information/education, sharing power, enabling choice and ongoing validation. Finally, “maintaining belief” was characterized by spiritual being, humanistic view, harmonious balance, hope, love, and compassion, meaning, and religious and spiritual orientation. Conclusion: Empirical verification was shown for the caring processes described in Swanson’s Caring Theory grounded in concrete nursing actions.展开更多
Purpose: To test the concept of Statistical Process Control (SPC) as a Quality Assurance (QA) procedure for dose verifications in external beam radiation therapy in conventional and 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) ...Purpose: To test the concept of Statistical Process Control (SPC) as a Quality Assurance (QA) procedure for dose verifications in external beam radiation therapy in conventional and 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) treatment of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: A study of QA verification of target doses of 198 cervical cancer patients undergoing External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) treatments at two different cancer treatment centers in Kenya was conducted. The target doses were determined from measured entrance doses by the diode in vivo dosimetry. Process Behavior Charts (PBC) developed by SPC were applied for setting Action Thresholds (AT) on the target doses. The AT set was then proposed as QA limits for acceptance or rejection of verified target doses overtime of the EBRT process. Result and Discussion: Target doses for the 198 patients were calculated and SPC applied to test whether the action limits set by the Process Behavior Charts could be applied as QA for verified doses in EBRT. Results for the two sub-groups of n = 3 and n = 4 that were tested produced action thresholds which are within clinical dose specifications for both conventional AP/PA and 3D-CRT EBRT treatment techniques for cervical cancer. Conclusion: Action thresholds set by SPC were within the clinical dose specification of ±5% uncertainty for both conventional AP/PA and 3D-CRT EBRT treatment techniques for cervical cancer. So the concept of SPC could be applied in setting QA action limits for dose verifications in EBRT.展开更多
目的探讨应用健康行为过程取向(health action process approach,HAPA)理论的干预方案对减少老年心力衰竭(heart failure,HF)患者久坐行为的护理效果。方法2023年8-10月,便利抽样法选取江苏省某三级甲等医院心血管内科住院的老年HF患者...目的探讨应用健康行为过程取向(health action process approach,HAPA)理论的干预方案对减少老年心力衰竭(heart failure,HF)患者久坐行为的护理效果。方法2023年8-10月,便利抽样法选取江苏省某三级甲等医院心血管内科住院的老年HF患者为研究对象,根据病区,将心内科1病区设为对照组,5病区设为干预组,每组各36例;对照组给予常规健康教育,干预组在常规健康教育基础上实施基于HAPA理论的护理方案;分别于4个节点:干预前、出院后2周、1个月、3个月,比较两组久坐行为每日总时间和单次最长时间、每日总步数、步行速度以及自我效能的变化。结果干预组出院后1个月、3个月每日总时间和单次最长时间低于对照组,而每日总步数和自我效能评分均高于对照组,出院后3个月步行速度评分也高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论基于HAPA理论的护理干预方案能减少老年HF患者久坐行为,同时提升患者活动自我效能。展开更多
文摘China's construction of a manufacturer of quality mainly relies on infrastructure improvement, cutting-edge technological breakthroughs, manufacturing development at the enterprise, sector and region levels, and the enactment and implementation of supporting policies, which can be combined to form an action framework for the construction of building China into a manufacturer of quality. At present, there are still some weak areas in China's construction of a manufacturer of quality, such as backward technologies comparing with world's leading players in some areas, limited contributes to the formulation of international standards, insu cient invests in building a system of supporting policies concerning nance, banking and taxation, and scant attention to cultural development as a manufacturer of quality. China should attach more importance to the technological research and development in these weak areas, align its manufacturing standards system with international standards, improve its system of supporting policies concerning nance, banking and taxation, and make more e orts in the development of advanced manufacturing system.
文摘Caring has long been recognized as central to nursing and is increasingly posited as a core concept although developing a theoretical description of caring which is adequate in the 21st. century continues to be a difficult task for nursing scholars. Consequently, verifying existing theoretical structures of caring remains an ongoing challenge. The aim of this article is to provide empirical verification of the caring processes of “knowing,” “being with,” “doing for,” “enabling” and “maintaining belief” from Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory based on the categorization of nursing actions from a systematic literature review on care. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in the fields of nursing sciences, medicine and psychology. Purposeful sampling was carried out covering a period from 2003-2013. The final sample included 25 articles. Results: Major themes of nursing actions included “knowing” which consisted of centering, nurturing, informed understanding, assessment skills, communication and respect for individual differences. “Being with” was characterized by intimate relationship, connecting, presencing, emotional adaptability awareness of self/other and decentering. “Doing for” included competence, knowledge, professional/technical skills, helping actions, anticipatory, multidisciplinary and preserving dignity. “Enabling” was characterized by self care, commitment, complexity of care, appropriate communication, information/education, sharing power, enabling choice and ongoing validation. Finally, “maintaining belief” was characterized by spiritual being, humanistic view, harmonious balance, hope, love, and compassion, meaning, and religious and spiritual orientation. Conclusion: Empirical verification was shown for the caring processes described in Swanson’s Caring Theory grounded in concrete nursing actions.
文摘Purpose: To test the concept of Statistical Process Control (SPC) as a Quality Assurance (QA) procedure for dose verifications in external beam radiation therapy in conventional and 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) treatment of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: A study of QA verification of target doses of 198 cervical cancer patients undergoing External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) treatments at two different cancer treatment centers in Kenya was conducted. The target doses were determined from measured entrance doses by the diode in vivo dosimetry. Process Behavior Charts (PBC) developed by SPC were applied for setting Action Thresholds (AT) on the target doses. The AT set was then proposed as QA limits for acceptance or rejection of verified target doses overtime of the EBRT process. Result and Discussion: Target doses for the 198 patients were calculated and SPC applied to test whether the action limits set by the Process Behavior Charts could be applied as QA for verified doses in EBRT. Results for the two sub-groups of n = 3 and n = 4 that were tested produced action thresholds which are within clinical dose specifications for both conventional AP/PA and 3D-CRT EBRT treatment techniques for cervical cancer. Conclusion: Action thresholds set by SPC were within the clinical dose specification of ±5% uncertainty for both conventional AP/PA and 3D-CRT EBRT treatment techniques for cervical cancer. So the concept of SPC could be applied in setting QA action limits for dose verifications in EBRT.
文摘目的探讨应用健康行为过程取向(health action process approach,HAPA)理论的干预方案对减少老年心力衰竭(heart failure,HF)患者久坐行为的护理效果。方法2023年8-10月,便利抽样法选取江苏省某三级甲等医院心血管内科住院的老年HF患者为研究对象,根据病区,将心内科1病区设为对照组,5病区设为干预组,每组各36例;对照组给予常规健康教育,干预组在常规健康教育基础上实施基于HAPA理论的护理方案;分别于4个节点:干预前、出院后2周、1个月、3个月,比较两组久坐行为每日总时间和单次最长时间、每日总步数、步行速度以及自我效能的变化。结果干预组出院后1个月、3个月每日总时间和单次最长时间低于对照组,而每日总步数和自我效能评分均高于对照组,出院后3个月步行速度评分也高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论基于HAPA理论的护理干预方案能减少老年HF患者久坐行为,同时提升患者活动自我效能。
