A learner’s stages of L2 development are connected by his or her L1 and culture.It is,accordingly,of paramount importance to understand the second language learners’culture and learning process and better assist the...A learner’s stages of L2 development are connected by his or her L1 and culture.It is,accordingly,of paramount importance to understand the second language learners’culture and learning process and better assist them through this process in the way of teaching them English.Similarly,inter-language theory(IL)and contrastive rhetoric are affected by factors,such as learner’s L1,learning experiences,and culture.This paper talks about these two theory’s characteristics,constructs,and importance,so language instructors may better understand the L2 learning phenomena and think out better methods to help language learners improve their language skills.展开更多
A comprehensive contrast of ore-forming geological background and ore-forming fluid features, especially fluid ore-forming processes, has been performed between the Tianmashan and the Datuanshan ore deposits in Tongli...A comprehensive contrast of ore-forming geological background and ore-forming fluid features, especially fluid ore-forming processes, has been performed between the Tianmashan and the Datuanshan ore deposits in Tongling, Anhui Province. The major reasons for the formation of the stratabound skarn Au-S ore deposit in Tianmashan and the stratabound skarn Cu ore deposit in Datuanshan are analyzed in accordance with this contrast. The magmatic pluton in Tianmashan is rich in Au and poor in Cu, but that in Datuanshan is rich in Cu and Au. The wallrock strata in Tianmashan contain Au-bearing pyrite layers with some organic substance but those in Datuanshan contain no such layers. Moreover, the ore-forming fluids in Tianmashan are dominantly magmatic ones at the oxide and sulfide stages, but those with high content of Cu in Datuanshan are mainly groundwater fluids. In addition, differences in compositional evolution and physicochemical condition variation of the ore-forming fluids result in gradual dispersion展开更多
中文故事结尾生成(SEG)是自然语言处理中的下游任务之一。基于全错误结尾的CLSEG(Contrastive Learning of Story Ending Generation)在故事的一致性方面表现较好。然而,由于错误结尾中也包含与原结尾文本相同的内容,仅使用错误结尾的...中文故事结尾生成(SEG)是自然语言处理中的下游任务之一。基于全错误结尾的CLSEG(Contrastive Learning of Story Ending Generation)在故事的一致性方面表现较好。然而,由于错误结尾中也包含与原结尾文本相同的内容,仅使用错误结尾的对比训练会导致生成文本中原结尾正确的主要部分被剥离。因此,在CLSEG基础上增加正向结尾增强训练,以保留对比训练中损失的正确部分;同时,通过正向结尾的引入,使生成的结尾具有更强的多样性和关联性。基于双向对比训练的中文故事结尾生成模型包含两个主要部分:1)多结尾采样,通过不同的模型方法获取正向增强的结尾和反向对比的错误结尾;2)对比训练,在训练过程中修改损失函数,使生成的结尾接近正向结尾,远离错误结尾。在公开的故事数据集OutGen上的实验结果表明,相较于GPT2. ft和深层逐层隐变量融合(Della)等模型,所提模型的BERTScore、METEOR等指标均取得了较优的结果,生成的结尾具有更强的多样性和关联性。展开更多
文摘A learner’s stages of L2 development are connected by his or her L1 and culture.It is,accordingly,of paramount importance to understand the second language learners’culture and learning process and better assist them through this process in the way of teaching them English.Similarly,inter-language theory(IL)and contrastive rhetoric are affected by factors,such as learner’s L1,learning experiences,and culture.This paper talks about these two theory’s characteristics,constructs,and importance,so language instructors may better understand the L2 learning phenomena and think out better methods to help language learners improve their language skills.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.1999043206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40272034 and 40133020).
文摘A comprehensive contrast of ore-forming geological background and ore-forming fluid features, especially fluid ore-forming processes, has been performed between the Tianmashan and the Datuanshan ore deposits in Tongling, Anhui Province. The major reasons for the formation of the stratabound skarn Au-S ore deposit in Tianmashan and the stratabound skarn Cu ore deposit in Datuanshan are analyzed in accordance with this contrast. The magmatic pluton in Tianmashan is rich in Au and poor in Cu, but that in Datuanshan is rich in Cu and Au. The wallrock strata in Tianmashan contain Au-bearing pyrite layers with some organic substance but those in Datuanshan contain no such layers. Moreover, the ore-forming fluids in Tianmashan are dominantly magmatic ones at the oxide and sulfide stages, but those with high content of Cu in Datuanshan are mainly groundwater fluids. In addition, differences in compositional evolution and physicochemical condition variation of the ore-forming fluids result in gradual dispersion
文摘中文故事结尾生成(SEG)是自然语言处理中的下游任务之一。基于全错误结尾的CLSEG(Contrastive Learning of Story Ending Generation)在故事的一致性方面表现较好。然而,由于错误结尾中也包含与原结尾文本相同的内容,仅使用错误结尾的对比训练会导致生成文本中原结尾正确的主要部分被剥离。因此,在CLSEG基础上增加正向结尾增强训练,以保留对比训练中损失的正确部分;同时,通过正向结尾的引入,使生成的结尾具有更强的多样性和关联性。基于双向对比训练的中文故事结尾生成模型包含两个主要部分:1)多结尾采样,通过不同的模型方法获取正向增强的结尾和反向对比的错误结尾;2)对比训练,在训练过程中修改损失函数,使生成的结尾接近正向结尾,远离错误结尾。在公开的故事数据集OutGen上的实验结果表明,相较于GPT2. ft和深层逐层隐变量融合(Della)等模型,所提模型的BERTScore、METEOR等指标均取得了较优的结果,生成的结尾具有更强的多样性和关联性。
