THE CONSTRUCTION OF DENUMERABLE q-PROCESSES IN RANDOM ENVIRONMENTS-THE EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS

The concepts of Markov process in random environment, q-matrix in random environment, and q-process in random environment are introduced. The minimal q-process in random environment is constructed and the necessary and sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of q-process in random environment are given.

A note on asymptotic behavior of Galton-Watson branching processes in random environments

In this paper, we investigate Galton-Watson branching processes in random environments. In the case where the environmental process is a Markov chain which is positive recurrent or has a transition matrix Q (θ,α) such that sup_θ Q (θ,α)> 0 for some α, we prove that the model has the asymptotic behavior being similar to that of Galton-Watson branching processes. In other case where the environments are non-stationary independent, the sufficient conditions are obtained for certain extinction and uncertain extinction for the model.

LIMIT THEOREMS FOR A GALTON-WATSON PROCESS IN THE I.I.D. RANDOM ENVIRONMENT

In this article, we obtain the central limit theorem and the law of the iterated logarithm for Galton-Watson processes in i.i.d, random environments.

THE ERGODICITY FOR BI-IMMIGRATION BIRTH AND DEATH PROCESSES IN RANDOM ENVIRONMENT

The concepts of bi-immigration birth and death density matrix in random environment and bi-immigration birth and death process in random environment are introduced. For any bi-immigration birth and death matrix in random environment Q（θ） with birth rate λ 〈 death rate μ, the following results are proved, （1） there is an unique q-process in random environment, P^-（θ＊（0）;t） = （p^-（θ^＊（0）;t,i,j）,i,j ≥ 0）, which is ergodic, that is, lim t→∞（θ^＊（0）;t,i,j） = π^-（θ^＊（0）;j） ≥0 does not depend on i ≥ 0 and ∑j≥0π （θ＊（0）;j） = 1, （2） there is a bi-immigration birth and death process in random enjvironment （X^＊ = {X^＊,t ≥ 0},ε^＊ = {εt,t ∈ （-∞, ∞）}） with random transition matrix P^-（θ^＊ （0）;t） such that X^＊ is a strictly stationary process.

THE CONSTRUCTION OF DENUMERABLE q-PROCESSES IN RANDOM ENVIRONMENTS SATISFYING (F) OR (B)

This article is a continuation of[9].Based on the discussion of random Kolmogorov forward（backward）equations,for any given q-matrix in random environment, Q（θ）=（q（θ;x,y）,x,y∈X）,an infinite class of q-processes in random environments satisfying the random Kolmogorov forward（backward）equation is constructed.Moreover, under some conditions,all the q-processes in random environments satisfying the random Kolmogorov forward（backward）equation are constructed.

Manufacturing Process Oriented Environmental Friendly Assessment with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution

Green manufacturing is a mode to realize environmental friendliness by considering the environmental impact and energy consumption in manufacturing process.In order to make an environmental friendly assessment for manufacturing process,a multi-criteria decision making( MCDM) model combined with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process( FAHP) and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution( FTOPSIS) is proposed in this work.The environmental and resource criteria and manufacturing process objects are identified as the first step.Then,the weights of the criteria are calculated by FAHP.Finally,based on experts' evaluation using fuzzy words,the manufacturing process objects are ranked by FTOPSIS.The proposed methodology is applied to a gear shaft manufacturing.The sensitivity analysis and comparisons are implemented to prove its robustness and effectiveness for the ecofriendly assessment for process objects.

The Metallogenetic Processes and Environment of a Large Ag-V Deposit in Black Rock Series

Located in Western Hubei Province,this deposit is a large-scale Ag-V ore deposit,listed among the fifth type of silver deposit in China.1 Geological Characteristics It lies in the NE sector of the Yangtze flat of the Yangtze paraplatform.There are sporadically magmatic rocks and fold basement made up of upper Archaeozoicmiddle and lower Proterozoic strata.The sedimentary cover consists of Sinian-lower Paleozoic marine sediments,Mesozoic-Cenozoic intercalated marine and nonmarine sediments or nonmarine sediments.

REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY FOR HEAVY METALS IN SIEROZEM ZONE AND ITS RELATION TO PHYSICALGEOGRAPHIC PROCESSES

Soil environmental capacity is defined as the maximumpermitted load of the pollutant in a cettain soil environmental unitwithin a certain temporal period. With that load, the criteria canbe maintained, production and quality of crops can be gqaranteed.Regional soil capacity is the function of physical geographiccharacteristics. In determining capacity of sierozem, key stepsinclude: (1) establishing the criteria on comprehensive basis, (2)calculating the permitted input with the application of the capacitymodel. Dynamic capacity of Cd, Cu, As and Pb for sierozem isreported and compared with that of phaiozem and red 1oam.According to the results, it is obvious that regional differentiationin capacity is distinct and the distribution pattern of permittedload is closely related to the spacial variation of physicalgeographic processes.

The Design of a Graphical User Environment for Numerical Simulation of Powder Forming Processes

As computer simulation increasingly supports engine er ing design and manufacture, the requirement for a computer software environment providing an integration platform for computational engineering software increas es. A key component of an integrated environment is the use of computational eng ineering to assist and support solutions for complex design. Computer methods fo r structural, flow and thermal analysis are well developed and have been used in design for many years. Many software packages are now available which provi de an advanced capability. However, they are not designed for modelling of powde r forming processes. This paper describes the powder compaction software (PCS_SU T), which is designed for pre- and post-processing for computational simulatio n of the process compaction of powder. In the PCS_SUT software, the adaptive analysis of transient metal powder forming process is simulated by the finite element method based on deformation theories . The error estimates and adaptive remeshing schemes are applied for updated co -ordinate analysis. A generalized Newmark scheme is used for the time domain di scretization and the final nonlinear equations are solved by a Newton-Raphson p rocedure. An incremental elasto-plastic material model is used to simulate the compaction process. To describe the constitutive model of nonlinear behaviour of powder materials, a combination of Mohr-Coulomb and elliptical yield cap model is applied. This model reflects the yielding, frictional and densification char acteristics of powder along with strain and geometrical hardening which occurs d uring the compaction process. A hardening rule is used to define the dependence of the yield surface on the degree of plastic straining. A plasticity theory for friction is employed in the treatment of the powder-tooling interface. The inv olvement of two different materials, which have contact and relative movement in relation to each other, must be considered. A special formulation for friction modelling is coupled with a material formulation. The interface behaviour betwee n the die and the powder is modelled by using an interface element mesh. In the present paper, we have demonstrated pre- and post-processor finite elem ent software, written in Visual Basic, to generate the graphical model and visua lly display the computed results. The software consist of three main part: · Pre-processor: It is used to create the model, generate an app ropriate finite element grid, apply the appropriate boundary conditions, and vie w the total model. The geometric model can be used to associate the mesh with th e physical attributes such as element properties, material properties, or loads and boundary conditions. · Analysis: It can deal with two-dimensional and axi-symmetric applications for linear and non-linear behaviour of material in static and dyna mic analyses. Both triangular and quadrilateral elements are available in the e lement library, including 3-noded, 6-noded and 7-noded (T6B1) triangles and 4 -noded, 8-noded and 9-noded quadrilaterals. The direct implicit algorithm bas ed on the generalized Newmark scheme is used for the time integration and an aut omatic time step control facility is provided. For non-linear iteration, choice s among fully or modified Newton-Raphson method and quasi-Newton method, using the initial stiffness method, Davidon inverse method or BFGS inverse method, ar e possible. · Post-processor: It provides visualization of the computed resu lts, when the finite element model and analysis have been completed. Post-proce ssing is vital to allow the appropriate interpretation of the completed results of the finite element analysis. It provides the visual means to interpret the va st amounts of computed results generated. Finally, the powder behaviour during the compaction of a multi-level component is numerically simulated by the PCS_SUT software, as shown in Fig.1. The predict ive compaction forces at different displacements are computed and compared with the available experimental

Review and Reflection on the Development Process of Soil Environmental Quality Standards in China

In this paper,the development process of the construction of soil environmental quality standards in China is reviewed,and the construction situation of soil environmental quality standards in typical developed countries is introduced.According to characteristics of soil environment and practice of soil environment management in China,the relevant suggestions are discussed,thereby further perfecting construction work of soil environmental quality standards in China.

淄博烧烤现象下生命周期评价在餐厨垃圾中的解析

本文旨在探讨生命周期评价在淄博烧烤现象下餐厨垃圾中的应用前景,并提供科学解决方法,具有重要的现实意义。淄博烧烤现象的突发给城市管理以及生活垃圾处理带来巨大挑战,尤其是餐厨垃圾的解决问题更是成为了人们关注的焦点。本文使用层次分析法探讨生命周期评价在餐厨垃圾处理中的具体应用,旨在为淄博烧烤现象下餐厨垃圾的治理和环境保护提供科学依据和决策支持。

“双碳”目标下环境领导力对员工绿色行为的影响研究

为了推动实现“双碳”目标,从企业内部视角出发,对环境领导力如何协调员工实施组织期望的绿色行为进行深入分析。聚焦于社会信息加工理论,构建了一个以组织绿色文化和员工环境意识为中介变量的链式中介模型。同时,引入员工知识吸收能力作为调节变量,进一步考察其在模型中的作用。对301名员工问卷调查数据展开的实证分析结果表明,环境领导力正向影响了员工绿色行为;组织绿色文化和员工环境意识的链式中介作用成立;员工知识吸收能力调节了组织绿色文化与员工环境意识的关系。

基于“以学生为中心”理念的制药过程安全与环保课程改革

本文旨在探讨在以学生为中心的教学理念下对制药过程安全与环保课程进行改革的方法与策略。主要包括课程内容的改革与创新,建立课程案例库以及开发和积累新型教材。通过设计课程内容和教学体系,建立案例库,并总结过去年份的制药行业安全事故,以提高课程的实用性和针对性。

环境变化的径流效应研究进展及黄河水源涵养区研究展望

针对变化环境下黄河流域实测径流大幅度锐减,严重影响流域水资源与生态安全的问题,面向黄河生态保护和高质量发展的国家重大战略需求,梳理了变化环境下径流效应研究中亟待解决的关键科学问题与关键技术。以黄河水源涵养区为对象,以环境变化的径流效应和水资源预测为核心,细化了数据集构建、机理解析、模型研发、趋势预估4项具体研究内容与研究方案。预期研究成果将揭示黄河水源涵养区水文-生态过程的互馈耦合机理、创新变化环境下生态水文的模拟和预测技术,科学预测变化环境下流域水安全和生态环境风险趋势,有效支撑流域水资源可持续利用与生态环境保护决策。

化工安全与环保课程电化学腐蚀原电池综合教学实验

本文探讨化工安全与环保课程实验教学的背景及其教育重要性,并描述课程团队如何有效利用武汉工程大学“三实一创”模式进行教学。以“电化学腐蚀原电池综合教学实验”为例,文章分析实验教学的应用和效果,总结教学成果,并对化工安全与环保领域的潜在实验教学应用提出展望,为该领域的教学实践提供理论和实证支持。

带式焙烧机配建200万吨磨矿生产线设计特点

介绍了某200万吨/a带式焙烧机球团磨矿生产线的设计特点。通过对原矿特性和球团生产需求的研究,确定采用先进的两段湿式闭路磨矿生产工艺,最终产品为粒度-200目以下≥95%,水分≤9%的赤铁精矿。设计过程中,集成应用了多项先进设备,如溢流型球磨机、立磨机、高效浓密机、快开板框压滤机等,并充分考虑了节能环保因素,生产能耗低,噪音污染小,无生产污水和固体废弃物外排。本工程的建成为带式焙烧机生产的原料供应提供了新的思路。

动态能力视角下环境战略转型影响企业高质量发展的机理研究——以江西铜业为例

当前中国已进入经济社会发展绿色转型的新阶段,一些高能耗、高排放的传统行业面临的环境问题不容忽视。当企业在动态环境中遭受环境问题挑战时,其应当做出的决策改变即为环境战略转型。通过以江西铜业为例,沿着“驱动因素—环境战略—实施效果”的路线,探讨了在内外部双重因素驱动下企业环境战略转型的过程机制,进而揭示出转型对企业高质量发展的影响机理。通过分析发现,随着外部环境规制的变化和内部绿色动态能力的演进,企业按照“反应型环境战略—防御型环境战略—适应型环境战略—主动型环境战略”这一路径完成了环境战略转型。同时在转型过程中其环保投入逐渐增加,绿色创新力度显著加强,实现了发展各维度高质量的增长。

甬江流域氮素收支估算及驱动因素分析

近年来,大量农业氮肥施用、化石燃料使用等人为活动的扰动增加了生态系统的氮输入,导致河流硝酸盐超标、湖库与近岸海域富营养化和土壤酸化等环境问题。长江口-杭州湾是我国近岸海域劣四类水质分布的主要区域,甬江作为汇入杭州湾的重要河流之一,近年来其入海断面总氮浓度和氮通量反弹明显,开展甬江流域的氮收支估算是开展流域氮污染治理与管控、改善近岸海域水质的重要前提。本文利用2021年甬江流域的基本统计数据和相关参数对该区域氮的收支进行估算,阐明了氮收支的主要驱动因素及其对环境的影响。结果表明:2021年甬江流域氮输入量为5.1×10^(4 )t;氮盈余量高达2.17×10^(4) t,占氮输入量的42.56%;流域氮负荷[172.56 kg/(hm^(2)·a)]和陆地氮通量[105.8 kg/(hm^(2)·a)]均高于全国平均水平。氮输入源主要包括人畜排泄、化学氮肥、大气沉降,占比依次为39.11%、26.33%、20.91%;氮输出中,有48%被作物收获带走,有26.98%通过反硝化、氮挥发进入大气,有21.47%以径流的形式进入水环境;从空间分布上,鄞州、镇海等地区面临较为严峻的氮污染潜势。冗余分析(RDA)显示,人口密度、人口数量、农作物种植面积、畜禽数量以及与人类活动有关的工业企业总产值、城镇化程度和GDP是甬江流域氮盈余、氮负荷以及陆地氮通量的主要驱动因素。鉴于甬江流域显著的氮盈余状况,建议采用氮素源头减排治理管控措施以消除氮素盈余对甬江流域氮平衡造成的负面影响。甬江流域氮收支平衡估算可为合理制定氮污染治理管控措施,科学调控流域氮收支和改善近岸海域水环境质量提供科学依据和支撑。

基于改良层次分析法的环境影响评价模型在公路绿色施工中的应用研究

随着中国公路建设的发展,对施工环境的要求越来越高。以公路绿色施工为出发点,基于改良层次分析法,以某高速公路为例,在对公路工程环境影响因素进行分析的基础上,建立公路绿色施工环境影响评价模型,并通过工程实例验证了该评价模型的合理性和有效性。实例结果表明,节材与材料资源利用权重占比23.6%,环境保护、节水与水资源则分别为30.10%、24.5%。其中,边坡植被恢复率为最大影响因素,占比21.99%。研究提出的改良层次分析法可以客观、准确地反映工程环境影响的实际情况,从而为绿色施工提供参考依据。

利用生命周期评估法评价涂装车间的环境足迹

简要介绍了生命周期评估法,并将其应用在汽车涂装工艺,追踪涂装生产过程中包括碳足迹在内的重要环境足迹,定量化评估汽车涂装过程全生命周期生产活动中各项物料、资源和能源的使用及其产生的排放对生态环境的影响。结果表明,能源消耗及其产生的排放,公用动力、面漆和前处理电泳工序,电网供电对气候变化和化石资源枯竭影响更为显著;而物料消耗及其产生的排放,面漆、密封胶及前处理电泳工序,光伏供电对生态毒性和人体毒性影响更为显著。