In this article, we summarize some results on invariant non-homogeneous and dynamic-equilibrium (DE) continuous Markov stochastic processes. Moreover, we discuss a few examples and consider a new application of DE pro...In this article, we summarize some results on invariant non-homogeneous and dynamic-equilibrium (DE) continuous Markov stochastic processes. Moreover, we discuss a few examples and consider a new application of DE processes to elements of survival analysis. These elements concern the stochastic quadratic-hazard-rate model, for which our work 1) generalizes the reading of its It? stochastic ordinary differential equation (ISODE) for the hazard-rate-driving independent (HRDI) variables, 2) specifies key properties of the hazard-rate function, and in particular, reveals that the baseline value of the HRDI variables is the expectation of the DE solution of the ISODE, 3) suggests practical settings for obtaining multi-dimensional probability densities necessary for consistent and systematic reconstruction of missing data by Gibbs sampling and 4) further develops the corresponding line of modeling. The resulting advantages are emphasized in connection with the framework of clinical trials of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) where we propose the use of an endpoint reflecting the narrowing of airways. This endpoint is based on a fairly compact geometric model that quantifies the course of the obstruction, shows how it is associated with the hazard rate, and clarifies why it is life-threatening. The work also suggests a few directions for future research.展开更多
Bridges serve as essential parts of transportation infrastructure,facilitating the movement of people and goods across rivers,valleys,and other obstacles.However,they are also susceptible to a wide range of natural ha...Bridges serve as essential parts of transportation infrastructure,facilitating the movement of people and goods across rivers,valleys,and other obstacles.However,they are also susceptible to a wide range of natural hazards,including floods,earthquakes,and landslides,which can damage or even collapse these structures,leading to severe economic and human losses.A risk index has been developed to address this issue,which quantifies the likelihood and severity of natural hazards occurring in a specific location.The application of risk indices for natural hazards in bridge management involves a data collection process and mathematical modelling.The data collection process gathers information on bridges’location,condition,and vulnerability,while mathematical modelling uses the data to assess the risk of natural hazards.Overall,risk indices provide a quantitative measure of the vulnerability of bridges to natural hazards and help to prioritize maintenance and repair activities.Mitigation measures are then evaluated and implemented based on the risk assessment results.By using this tool,the UBMS research group has developed an algorithm for risk assessment which will be essential in the decision-making process,specifically focused on enhancing Fund Optimization,Deterioration Modelling,and Risk Analysis.These developments effectively fulfill the primary objectives associated with addressing and mitigating hazards.This development also helps bridge managers understand the potential threats posed by natural hazards and allocate resources more efficiently to ensure the safety and longevity of critical transportation infrastructure.展开更多
目的基于食用螺旋藻粉的市场安全需求分析食用螺旋藻粉生产过程中的风险因子并提出防控措施。方法根据危害分析和关键控制点(hazard analysis and critical control point,HACCP)体系原则分析生产过程中可能出现的问题,对各个环节进行...目的基于食用螺旋藻粉的市场安全需求分析食用螺旋藻粉生产过程中的风险因子并提出防控措施。方法根据危害分析和关键控制点(hazard analysis and critical control point,HACCP)体系原则分析生产过程中可能出现的问题,对各个环节进行危害分析并制定预防控制措施,对螺旋藻粉进行生物、物理、化学等方面的风险分析后,依据关键控制点(critical control point,CCP)判断树,对生产工艺的各个环节进行判断。结果确定了5个关键控制点,即CCP1–原辅料接收、CCP2–藻种接种、CCP3–养殖管理、CCP4–滤藻及清洗、CCP5–喷雾干燥,每一项关键控制点至少制定了一个关键限值,以消除其显著危害或将危害降低至可接受水平。结论螺旋藻的生长方式特殊,在生产过程中应严格执行HACCP体系,可以保证螺旋藻粉的质量和安全,为消费者的健康饮食提供保障。展开更多
文摘In this article, we summarize some results on invariant non-homogeneous and dynamic-equilibrium (DE) continuous Markov stochastic processes. Moreover, we discuss a few examples and consider a new application of DE processes to elements of survival analysis. These elements concern the stochastic quadratic-hazard-rate model, for which our work 1) generalizes the reading of its It? stochastic ordinary differential equation (ISODE) for the hazard-rate-driving independent (HRDI) variables, 2) specifies key properties of the hazard-rate function, and in particular, reveals that the baseline value of the HRDI variables is the expectation of the DE solution of the ISODE, 3) suggests practical settings for obtaining multi-dimensional probability densities necessary for consistent and systematic reconstruction of missing data by Gibbs sampling and 4) further develops the corresponding line of modeling. The resulting advantages are emphasized in connection with the framework of clinical trials of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) where we propose the use of an endpoint reflecting the narrowing of airways. This endpoint is based on a fairly compact geometric model that quantifies the course of the obstruction, shows how it is associated with the hazard rate, and clarifies why it is life-threatening. The work also suggests a few directions for future research.
文摘Bridges serve as essential parts of transportation infrastructure,facilitating the movement of people and goods across rivers,valleys,and other obstacles.However,they are also susceptible to a wide range of natural hazards,including floods,earthquakes,and landslides,which can damage or even collapse these structures,leading to severe economic and human losses.A risk index has been developed to address this issue,which quantifies the likelihood and severity of natural hazards occurring in a specific location.The application of risk indices for natural hazards in bridge management involves a data collection process and mathematical modelling.The data collection process gathers information on bridges’location,condition,and vulnerability,while mathematical modelling uses the data to assess the risk of natural hazards.Overall,risk indices provide a quantitative measure of the vulnerability of bridges to natural hazards and help to prioritize maintenance and repair activities.Mitigation measures are then evaluated and implemented based on the risk assessment results.By using this tool,the UBMS research group has developed an algorithm for risk assessment which will be essential in the decision-making process,specifically focused on enhancing Fund Optimization,Deterioration Modelling,and Risk Analysis.These developments effectively fulfill the primary objectives associated with addressing and mitigating hazards.This development also helps bridge managers understand the potential threats posed by natural hazards and allocate resources more efficiently to ensure the safety and longevity of critical transportation infrastructure.
文摘目的基于食用螺旋藻粉的市场安全需求分析食用螺旋藻粉生产过程中的风险因子并提出防控措施。方法根据危害分析和关键控制点(hazard analysis and critical control point,HACCP)体系原则分析生产过程中可能出现的问题,对各个环节进行危害分析并制定预防控制措施,对螺旋藻粉进行生物、物理、化学等方面的风险分析后,依据关键控制点(critical control point,CCP)判断树,对生产工艺的各个环节进行判断。结果确定了5个关键控制点,即CCP1–原辅料接收、CCP2–藻种接种、CCP3–养殖管理、CCP4–滤藻及清洗、CCP5–喷雾干燥,每一项关键控制点至少制定了一个关键限值,以消除其显著危害或将危害降低至可接受水平。结论螺旋藻的生长方式特殊,在生产过程中应严格执行HACCP体系,可以保证螺旋藻粉的质量和安全,为消费者的健康饮食提供保障。
