Comparison of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestions of thermal hydrolysis pretreated swine manure: Process performance,microbial communities and energy balance

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of swine manure (SM) commonly shows low biogas output and unsatisfactory economic performance. In this study, thermophilic AD (TAD, 50±1℃) was combined with thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP, 170℃/10 bar), to investigate its potential for maximizing biogas yield, securing successful digestion and microbial diversity, as well as improving energy balance. Four lab-scale continuously stirred tank reactors were operated for 300 days and compared with each other, i.e., reactor 1 (raw SM fed in mesophilic AD:RSM-MAD), reactor 2 (THP-treated SM fed in MAD:TSM-MAD), reactor 3 (RSM-TAD),and reactor 4 (TSM-TAD). The results showed that THP was efficient to increase methane production of SM, TSM-TAD mode led to the highest methane yield (129.8±40.5 mL-CH_(4)/gVS/day) among the tests (p <0.05). Although TAD was more likely to induce free ammonia (> 700 mg/L) or volatile fatty acids (> 6000 mg/L) accumulation compared with MAD in start-up phase, TSM-TAD treatment mode behaved a sustainable digestion process in a long-term operation. For TSM-TAD scenario, higher Shannon–Weaver (3.873) and lower Simpson index (0.061) indicated this mode ensured and enlarged the diversity of bacteria communities. Phylum Bathyarchaeota was dominant (59.3%-90.0%) in archaea community,followed by Euryarchaeota in the four reactors. RSM-MAD treatment mode achieved the highest energy output (4.65 GJ/day), TSM-TAD was less effective (-17.38 GJ/day) due to increased energy demands. Thus improving the energetic efficiency of THP units is recommended for the development of TSM-TAD treatment mode.

Parallel Image Processing: Taking Grayscale Conversion Using OpenMP as an Example

In recent years, the widespread adoption of parallel computing, especially in multi-core processors and high-performance computing environments, ushered in a new era of efficiency and speed. This trend was particularly noteworthy in the field of image processing, which witnessed significant advancements. This parallel computing project explored the field of parallel image processing, with a focus on the grayscale conversion of colorful images. Our approach involved integrating OpenMP into our framework for parallelization to execute a critical image processing task: grayscale conversion. By using OpenMP, we strategically enhanced the overall performance of the conversion process by distributing the workload across multiple threads. The primary objectives of our project revolved around optimizing computation time and improving overall efficiency, particularly in the task of grayscale conversion of colorful images. Utilizing OpenMP for concurrent processing across multiple cores significantly reduced execution times through the effective distribution of tasks among these cores. The speedup values for various image sizes highlighted the efficacy of parallel processing, especially for large images. However, a detailed examination revealed a potential decline in parallelization efficiency with an increasing number of cores. This underscored the importance of a carefully optimized parallelization strategy, considering factors like load balancing and minimizing communication overhead. Despite challenges, the overall scalability and efficiency achieved with parallel image processing underscored OpenMP’s effectiveness in accelerating image manipulation tasks.

Process performance and quality attributes of temperature and step-down relative humidity controlled hot air drying of Panax notoginseng roots

The effects of temperature and step-down relative humidity controlled hot-air drying(THC-HAD)on the drying kinetics,energy efficiency and quality,i.e.,rehydration ratio(RR),color parameters(L*,a*,b*),total color difference(ΔE*),Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)content,and ginsenosides content(R1,Rg1,Re,Rd,Rb1)of Panax notoginseng roots were evaluated.The drying time was significantly affected by the drying temperature followed by the relative humidity(RH)of the drying air.Special combination of drying conditions,i.e.,drying temperature of 50°C,relative humidity of 40%for 3 h and then continuous dehumidification from 40%to 8%allowed to shorten the drying time by 25%compared to drying at the same temperature and continuous dehumidification.The longer was the drying time under constant high RH of drying air,the lower was the RR of dried samples.The step-down RH strategy contributed to the formation of a porous structure,enhancement of drying efficiency and quality improvement.Generally,the ginsenosides content increased with the increase in temperature,while no obvious trend was recorded for ginsenoside R1.The contents of the ginsenoside R1,Rg1,Rb1 and PNS decreased with the increase in the drying time under constant high RH.Taking into account the drying time,energy consumption and quality attributes,drying at the temperature of 50°C,constant RH of 40%for 3 h and then step-down RH from 40%to 8%was proposed as the most favorable combination of drying conditions for dehydration of whole Panax notoginseng roots.

PERFORMANCE OF THE CONTINUOUS AFFINITY-RECYCLE EXTRACTION PROCESS

The continuous affinity- recycle extraction (CARE) process is extended ic a system with ultrafiltration membranes. The mathematical model of the process is established by taking into account membrane rejections to the components in a crude mixture. The process performance, defined as concentration factor (CF ), purification factor (PF ) and recovery yield (REC), is analyzed by computer simulations. The results show that CF and REC increase, but PF decreases with the membrane rejection. It is likely that optimum operating conditions exist to give the best process performance because the increases in eluant and affinity-recycle flow rate improve REC but decrease PF.

Effect of Yttrium on the Solidification Process and Performance of Al7SiMg Alloy

Solidification processes of Al7SiMg-xY(0.1wt%,0.3wt%,0.5wt%) alloys were investigated by thermal analysis.The microstructures were observed by using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.Effects of different concentrations of yttrium on tensile performance both as cast and T6 heat treated were studied at room temperature,respectively.The results show that little changes happen in liquidus with increases concentration of yttrium.While it results in obvious depression of solidus and eutectic arrest temperature in solidification process.Moreover,the solidification range increases significantly.The performance is better when concentration of yttrium is 0.1wt%.With increment of yttrium,more large flake-like compounds of yttrium gather in grain boundaries,performance especially the elongation of the alloy decrease remarkably.

Effects of Post-expanding Lower Temperature Granulating Process on Growth Performance of Piglets

[Objective] The paper was to compare the effects of traditional granulating process and post-expanding lower temperature granulating process on starch gelatinization degree and in vitro protein digestibility of conversation feed, and growth performance of piglets. [Method] Sixty weaned piglets, 25 days old, were randomly divided into two groups, six replicates each group, and each replicate contained five piglets. Piglets in control group were fed with the conversation feed developed by traditional granulating process, and those in experimental group were fed with the conservation feed developed by post-expanding lower temperature granulating process. The trial lasted 28 d. [Result] Compared to traditional granulating process, post-expanding lower temperature granulating process significantly enhanced starch gelatinization degree of conservation feed by56.9%（P〈0.05）, and significantly improved in vitro protein digestibility of conservation feed by 11.48%（P〈0.05）. Compared to the control group, the feed intake of piglets in experimental group was increased by 21.63%（P〈0.05）; the average daily gain was increased by 27.61%（P〈0.05）; the diarrhea rate was lowered; and the feed gain ratio was improved by 4.51%（P〉0.05）. The results suggested that post-expanding lower temperature granulating process effectively enhanced feed digestion and absorption of piglets. [Conclusion] The paper provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for improvement of production process of conservation feed.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION METHOD FOR BUSINESS PROCESS OF MACHINERY MANUFACTURER BASED ON DEA/AHP HYBRID MODEL

A set of indices for performance evaluation for business processes with multiple inputs and multiple outputs is proposed, which are found in machinery manufacturers. Based on the traditional methods of data envelopment analysis （DEA） and analytical hierarchical process （AHP）, a hybrid model called DEA/AHP model is proposed to deal with the evaluation of business process performance. With the proposed method, the DEA is firstly used to develop a pairwise comparison matrix, and then the AHP is applied to evaluate the performance of business process using the pairwise comparison matrix. The significant advantage of this hybrid model is the use of objective data instead of subjective human judgment for performance evaluation. In the case study, a project of business process reengineering （BPR） with a hydraulic machinery manufacturer is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the DEA/AHP model.

Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process to a WiMAX Performance Evaluation Model

Evaluating performance of individual features of WiMAX technology is a topic of widespread discussion. Currently, there is no quantitative way of measuring WiMAX technology so that wireless operators can meet their design objectives. This paper outlines a set of design criteria for WiMAX and provides a decision-making aid that ranks the importance of criteria using Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP）. This ranking should sufficiently reflect market expectations of the relative importance of various design criteria. A model integrating AHP priorities with enhanced Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA） is the basis for formulating a technological value in simple, comparable format. A case study is provided to show how this technological value is used to evaluate a three year network deployment plan. In the future, this model could be extended to WiMAX equipment suppliers for the purpose of validating performance targets of individual criteria, and enhancing supplier roadmaps for future network development.

Effects of Quality and Quantity of Information Processing on Design Coordination Performance

It is acknowledged that lacking of interdisciplinary communication amongst designers can result in poor coordination performance in building design. Viewing communication as information processing activity, this paper aims to explore the relationship between interdisciplinary information processing (IP) and design coordination performance. Both amount and quality are concerned regarding information processing. 698 project based samples are collected by questionnaire survey from design institutes in China's Mainland. Statistical data analysis shows that the relationship between information processing amount and design coordination performance follows a nonlinear exponential expression: performance = 3.691 (1-0.235IP amount) rather than reverted U curve. It implies that design period is too short to allow information overload. It indicates that the main problem in interdisciplinary communication in design institute in China is insufficient information. In additional, it is found the correlation between IP quality and coordination process performance is much stronger than that between IP amount and coordination process performance. For practitioners, it reminds design mangers to pay more attention to information processing quality rather than amount.

PERFORMANCE-DRIVEN BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGY FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED-ENTERPRISES

Based on the analysis of the common limitations of business processmanagement (BPM) methodologies and the requirements of small and medium sized-enterprises (SMEs),the importance of a 'performance construct' of BPM methodologies is identified, a six-phaseperformance-driven BPM methodology for the production and operation processes of Chinese SMEs isdeveloped. A case study on the process management of a medium-sized enterprise shows a successfulexample of running the methodology.

阻燃秸秆板的制备及性能研究

采用自制的无机阻燃剂对玉米秸秆刨花进行处理,利用秸秆刨花板的生产原理,制备阻燃秸秆板。通过对性能指标进行分析,优化生产工艺,得出阻燃剂添加量为60%,热压时间为5 min,热压温度为180℃,施胶量为6%,板材密度为0.75 g·cm^(-3)。阻燃秸秆板的物理力学性能符合相关国家标准要求,MOR为23.0 MPa,MOE为3600 MPa,IB为0.52 MPa,SB为0.90 MPa,TS(2 h)为3.1%。阻燃秸秆板的OI达到41.2%,其阻燃性能达到B _(1)级。

Operational Performance Evaluation of Corn Processing Industry Technological Innovation Alliance Based on Survey Data in Heilongjiang Province

This paper selected the corn processing industry technology innovation alliance in Heilongjiang Province as the research object, evaluated the operational performance of the alliance by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods. AHP empirical results showed that the satisfaction of information communication and the satisfaction of the management process were the weakest. And the order from high to low on the level of indicators of the impact for the alliance was the result of alliance operations and the process of alliance operations, the behavioral attitude of alliance members. Besides, the results of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation showed that the operational performance of the corn processing industry technology innovation alliance in Heilongjiang Province was in the general level.

基于数字图像的秘密共享实验教学设计

传统密码学课程的秘密共享教学侧重于理论基础,对实际应用的关注却相对较少,导致教学效果并不理想。为解决这一问题,设计了一种激发学生兴趣并提升科研能力的综合性实验。该实验将数字图像处理技术与秘密共享进行研究与结合,采用性能评价指标对该算法进行性能评价。实验结果表明,该实验采用理论与实践结合的方式,激发学生的学习兴趣,有助于学生深入了解秘密共享的原理和技术。

反应速率对锂硫电池放电性能影响的模型分析

锂硫电池是下一代高能量密度二次电池的重要候选者,其性能改善需深入理解电池中锂、硫间复杂宏观电化学反应过程。基于Newman多孔电极模型思路,结合多孔硫正极特点,合理简化,建立了描述锂硫电池放电过程模型。模型计算与文献实验结果对比表明,模型能较好模拟放电过程趋势、关键特征,验证了模型有效性;不同电化学动力学参数变化下放电结果模拟表明:增大锂离子交换电流密度有利于提高性能;对于正极硫多步电化学反应过程,S_(8(l))还原反应速率需保持在较高水平上,S_(8)^(2-)、S_(6)^(2-)还原反应速率不是多步电化学反应的控制步,提高S_(4)^(2-)、S_(2)^(2-)还原反应速率可以改善电池比容量、功率性能。

A SIGNAL PROCESSING SCHEME TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF SOME SONAR SYSTEMS

Some statistical characteristics of signal and noise in shallow-water acoustical channel were analysed . Based on the differences in some statistical characteristics between the signal and the noise , the authors developed a new kind of signal processing technique-digital time correlative accumulation to operate sonar systems at a low data rate . Theoretical analyses and expermental results show . the false-alarm probability can be reduced to a low value of less than 10 -4 while the detection probability can reach a relatively high value of more than 0.9. By using the statistical averages of the multiple range detection value , the authors can greatly improve the accuracy of the detection . The method can be used for some other related fields, for example , ultrasonic detection in air medium .

软件测试过程性能基线和模型建立方法及应用分析

基于《军用软件能力成熟度模型(GJB5000B)》中测量与绩效分析实践域,文章提出了量化软件测试过程的基本概念及组织测试过程性能目标的选择和建立方法,阐述了具体的基线测量、软件测试过程性能基线与模型的建立过程,同时给出了维护和应用方法。

氧化锌对钠钙玻璃的抗菌性及工艺性能的影响

采用高温熔融法制备钠钙玻璃,研究不同量的氧化锌对钠钙玻璃抗菌性和工艺性能的影响。采用贴膜法分析玻璃的抗菌性,测试包括表面张力、高温黏度和熔化澄清的工艺性能。结果表明:当氧化锌引入的质量分数大于3%时,玻璃对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性达到90%以上;氧化锌的引入降低了玻璃的表面张力和高温黏度,使高温玻璃熔体中气泡的排出速率增大,气泡数量减少,利于玻璃熔体澄清,适用于工艺生产。

双端硅改性SSBR合成及其在胎面胶中的应用研究

通过以自合成的硅锂为引发剂,二乙烯基苯DVB为偶联剂,氯代硅烷为封端剂合成双端含有硅烷改性的溶聚丁苯橡胶,并研究其性能特点。结果表明,自合成的官能化硅锂引发剂,可以稳定获得90%以上收率,储存稳定性好、活性高;合成的双端含有硅改性的SSBR,与以n-BuLi为引发剂的SSBR性能对比,耐磨性提高6.5%,压缩生热降低4℃,滚动阻力降低21.5%,体现出优异的燃油经济性。

正交实验设计优选FDM_3D打印工艺参数

由于FDM_(3)D打印工艺参数对制件力学性能有较大影响,采用正交实验设计方法,系统地探讨了聚乳酸(PLA)材料在熔融沉积成型3D打印过程中,不同工艺参数对试样拉伸性能的影响程度。实验结果表明,在4个工艺参数中,填充密度对PLA试件的拉伸性能影响最为显著,而打印速度对拉伸强度的影响则相对较小。通过极差分析得出,当打印层厚为0.25 mm,填充密度为70%,填充速度为50 mm/s,并采用内六角填充模式时,可以制得拉伸性能最优的PLA制件,方差分析表明填充密度对抗拉强度影响较显著(P<0.05),层高、打印速度、填充单元对抗拉强度影响均不显著。最后,通过实验证实了上述工艺下的试件具有最高的拉伸强度。这一发现对于优化FDM 3D打印工艺参数,提升PLA制件力学性能具有重要的指导意义。

基于等效钢筋连接的连梁和剪力墙节点抗震性能研究

目的 研究基于等效钢筋连接的连梁和剪力墙节点的抗震性能,为装配式混凝土连梁和剪力墙的连接设计提供依据。方法 采用WCOMD有限元软件建立现浇连梁及装配连梁模型,对比分析二者的受力破坏过程。结果 未考虑连梁端部破坏向墙内扩展时,装配连梁与现浇连梁相比,屈服荷载、峰值荷载和极限荷载分别提高3.98%、15.19%和12.76%,延性和能量耗散系数分别提高3.83%和15.84%;未考虑连梁端部破坏向墙内扩展与考虑连梁端部破坏向墙内扩展的装配连梁相比,屈服荷载、峰值荷载和极限荷载分别提高5.97%、0.84%和3.57%,延性和能量耗散系数分别提高1.07%和23.76%。结论 采用等效钢筋连接连梁和剪力墙的方法具有可行性,且等效钢筋面积比、装配区灌浆长度及装配位置对结构的承载力影响较大。