Complex Research of Using Microwave in Processing Grains and Plants Materials for Agriculture

It is observed contamination and subsequent growth of various types of mycotoxins in the production and processing of grain and non-grain crops. The contamination of grain and non-grain cereals crops harvest was analyzed. The aim of this research is using of microwave energy to disinfect grains of harvest and giving new properties to the grains and plants materials. The author has presented researches of the grains disinfection, during seedbed preparation and post processing. Rational parameters of heating rates of different biological objects were identified, revealed their dependence and impact on infection pathogens, through using of microwave energy technology. The author found a reduction of the number of pathogenic microbes and organisms at the various stages of processing agricultural products during using of microwave energy, and found new qualitative indicators of the products properties.

Comparison of Risk Assessment for a Nuclear Power Plant Construction Project Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process

Recently, plant construction throughout the world, including nuclear power plant construction, has grown significantly. The scale of Korea’s nuclear power plant construction in particular, has increased gradually since it won a contract for a nuclear power plant construction project in the United Arab Emirates in 2009. However, time and monetary resources have been lost in some nuclear power plant construction sites due to lack of risk management ability. The need to prevent losses at nuclear power plant construction sites has become more urgent because it demands professional skills and large-scale resources. Therefore, in this study, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) were applied in order to make comparisons between decision-making methods, to assess the potential risks at nuclear power plant construction sites. To suggest the appropriate choice between two decision-making methods, a survey was carried out. From the results, the importance and the priority of 24 risk factors, classified by process, cost, safety, and quality, were analyzed. The FAHP was identified as a suitable method for risk assessment of nuclear power plant construction, compared with risk assessment using the AHP. These risk factors will be able to serve as baseline data for risk management in nuclear power plant construction projects.

Using a Modified Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Scheme(MSPAS)to Simulate the Interaction between Land Surface Processes and Atmospheric Boundary Layer in Semi-Arid Regions

This paper uses a Modified Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Scheme (MSPAS) to study the interaction between land surface and atmospheric boundary layer processes. The scheme is composed of two main parts: atmospheric boundary layer processes and land surface processes. Compared with SiB and BATS, which are famous for their detailed parameterizations of physical variables, this simplified model is more convenient and saves much more computation time. Though simple, the feasibility of the model is well proved in this paper. The numerical simulation results from MSPAS show good agreement with reality. The scheme is used to obtain reasonable simulations for diurnal variations of heat balance, potential temperature of boundary layer, and wind field, and spatial distributions of temperature, specific humidity, vertical velocity, turbulence kinetic energy, and turbulence exchange coefficient over desert and oasis. In addition, MSPAS is used to simulate the interaction between desert and oasis at night, and again it obtains reasonable results. This indicates that MSPAS can be used to study the interaction between land surface processes and the atmospheric boundary layer over various underlying surfaces and can be extended for regional climate and numerical weather prediction study.

多段AO+MBR工艺在寒区污水厂提标改造的应用

采用多段AO+MBR工艺对中国北方寒区城市某污水厂出水TN波动大、尾水外排容量低等问题进行提标改造。多段AO可以实现TN的高效去除,而MBR+臭氧催化氧化则可以实现COD、NH_(3)-N的有效控制,从而达到稳定出水的目的。提标改造后实际运行数据表明:出水COD和NH_(3)-N、TN、TP、SS检测均值分别为26.60 mg/L和0.29、7.59、0.38、5.32 mg/L,均达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB 18918-2002)》中的一级A标准,其中NH_(3)-N达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)中的Ⅲ类水标准(ρ(NH_(3)-N)≤1.0 mg/L),TN稳定优于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB 18918-2002)》中的一级A标准(ρ(TN)≤15 mg/L)。

基于EM-Plant的中小型汽车焊装生产线仿真模拟研究

根据汽车整体加工工位的布置特点,以及工人加工时间的安排,建立汽车加工的数学模型,重组加工工位。在以EM-Plant为平台的基础上,采用离散事件控制的仿真方法,对汽车车身组装加工进行仿真,分析加工过程的瓶颈问题,找出提高汽车焊装生产线生产率的方法。

制药污水处理厂污泥中抗生素的污染特征及风险评估:生产负荷的影响

制药污水处理厂污泥是抗生素的主要储存库.研究考察了高、低生产负荷影响下不同污水处理工艺段污泥中抗生素的残留特征,并利用风险熵值(RQ)法评估了物化和生化污泥潜在的生态风险.结果表明,高、低生产负荷下污泥中检测出的11种抗生素种类相似,总检出浓度分别为401.72μg/g和55.02μg/g,不同抗生素浓度差异显著.生产负荷对废水处理工艺有一定的冲击力.主成分分析(PCA)结果显示高生产负荷下,不同工艺段的抗生素和水质参数之间的差异比低生产负荷下的差异更显著.冗余分析(RDA)结果显示不同的废水水质参数对抗生素的去除存在较大影响.制药过程中产生的抗生素在物化和生化脱水污泥中残留量依旧较高.低生产负荷物化和高生产负荷生化脱水污泥中抗生素残留量仍分别高达9.39μg/g和12.91μg/g.污泥改良土中红霉素、罗红霉素和磺胺氯哒嗪对接收环境的水生生物构成高风险(RQ>10).其中,磺胺二甲氧嘧啶的环境风险最高(RQ>295.04).制药厂大环内酯类和磺胺类抗生素是主要的风险因子,建议标记为优先控制污染物.混合抗生素的生态风险远高于单一抗生素.因此,不管是物化污泥还是生化污泥,都需要谨慎考虑污泥的最终出路.

植物性饮料加工及其澄清方法研究进展

随着人们健康饮食意识的提高,植物性饮料因其丰富的营养成分和保健功效而受到广泛的关注。虽然植物性饮料已形成较为成熟的制备工艺,但如未经澄清处理放置一段时间后,可能会因多酚类与蛋白质相互作用形成更大分子质量成分使饮料出现浑浊现象,影响产品的外观使其商业价值降低。因此,通过澄清处理去除引起饮料浑浊的前体物质对降低饮料的浊度、提升产品质量至关重要。通过综述植物性饮料加工的关键步骤(浸提、均质、杀菌等)以及自然澄清、冷冻澄清、离心澄清、絮凝沉淀澄清、酶解澄清等常用的澄清方法,比较不同澄清方法优缺点,以期为植物性饮料生产过程中选择合适的澄清方法以及生产企业和研发人员对新的澄清技术的探索提供参考和依据。

完整性视角下城市工业遗产价值评价研究

从工业遗产完整性的角度出发,关注其历史、文化和科学技术价值等方面的评价与保护现状,强调了在保护工业遗产的过程中需注重整体工艺流程设备、建构筑物以及由工业发展延伸出的配套设施和非物质文化的保留,使用层次分析法、模糊综合评价法构建评价体系对北京焦化厂工业遗存进行分级评价,通过定性与定量方法对完整性的各方面进行分析,并给出针对性建议,旨在为之后的工业遗产的价值评价与保护提供参考。

原生植物在上海城市园林中的应用评价及筛选

原生植物对城市园林的建设和城市物种多样性的提升具有重要的生态意义,但应用程度尚低。采用层次分析法对实地调研、引种搜集的原生植物进行评价分析,构建包含4项准则层和15项指标层评价因子的原生植物在上海城市园林的应用评价体系。结果显示,70种(含变种、变型)受试植物属于5科32属,综合评价结果分为5级,Ⅰ级的8种植物分别属菊科、唇形科以及蓼科,具有较高开发利用价值;Ⅱ-Ⅴ级植物分别有35、24、2和1种。采用热图分析法挖掘原生植物在指标层评价因子中的突出项,为不同的应用场景提供更多的植物选择。通过对原生植物多维度评价与应用潜力分析,为促进原生植物在园林中的应用提供理论基础,也为上海乃至长三角地区生物多样性提升与特色植物景观构建提供参考。

龙岩市新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物风险评估

龙岩市新罗区作为闽西地区的政治、经济及文化中心,随着城市化进程的加快,与周边城市人员、货物往来密切,使得外来入侵植物侵入本地,生物安全遭受严重威胁。本研究旨在全面掌握龙岩市新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物的现状,评估该地区外来入侵植物风险认知与应对能力,以制定有效的防治策略和科学管理体系。通过实地调查、查阅相关文献资料和运用样方法收集新罗区外来入侵植物情况并构建入侵风险评估体系,采用DPSIR模型结合层次分析法(AHP)确定评价指标权重,对外来植物的入侵驱动力、对本地环境适应性、本地分布情况、对本地影响、响应措施进行综合评估,并根据等级划分标准和风险值将外来入侵植物划分为3个入侵等级(Ⅰ~Ⅲ级)。结果表明:新罗区城市绿地共有65种外来入侵植物,隶属22科52属,其中菊科(Asteroideae)植物种数最多,占比为29.23%,其次是苋科(Amaranthaceae, 12.31%)和大戟科(Euphorbiaceae, 9.23%);生活型共有5种,一年生草本植物最多,共有32种,占比为49.23%;从地理来源来看,美洲是主要来源地,共有48种,占总数的73.85%;分析入侵途径发现,无意引入的植物最多,共35种,占总种数的53.85%;根据入侵现状评估结果,高风险入侵植物(Ⅲ级)有16种、中风险(Ⅱ级)18种、低风险(Ⅰ级)31种。表明新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物种类较多,但入侵风险等级相对不高,多数处于中低风险(Ⅱ、Ⅲ级)。建议根据风险等级对危害程度最大的白花鬼针草(Bidens alba)和小蓬草(Erigeron canadensis)进行重点防控。

工业厂房屋面防水施工质量控制研究

屋面防水于工业厂房施工而言至关重要,既与厂房结构和使用寿命紧密相连,又对施工质量有着极高要求。着重分析工业厂房屋面防水作业的技术关键与施工质量管控要点,以期为实际施工中的厂房屋面防水作业提供有益参考,助力提升工业厂房建设的防水质量与整体效益。

纯植物基核桃发酵乳菌种筛选及发酵工艺优化研究

发酵菌种是发酵乳发酵过程中的关键因素,该研究以核桃原浆为发酵底物,筛选出合适的发酵菌种来制备纯植物基核桃发酵乳,以解决其酸度不足、持水性差、风味不佳等问题,进一步提高该发酵乳的质构和稳定性。以持水性和感官评分为指标,采用单因素试验、响应面法优化纯植物基核桃发酵乳的发酵工艺。结果表明,筛选的最佳复配菌种为保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌和植物乳杆菌,以1∶1∶1的复配比发酵后的发酵乳的质构特性和感官评分达到最优;最优发酵工艺为料液比1∶5、蔗糖添加量7%、发酵温度36℃、发酵时间12 h、菌种接种量4.5%。在此条件下发酵的纯植物基核桃发酵乳质地细腻黏稠、香气适宜、口味独特,感官评分达到89.4分,相关理化指标和微生物指标均符合标准要求。此产品的开发为核桃资源的开发和利用提供了参考,为提高纯植物基核桃发酵乳的品质提供了筛菌和工艺优化的新思路。

Artificial Neural Network to Predict Leaf Population Chlorophyll Content from Cotton Plant Images

Leaf population chlorophyll content in a population of crops, if obtained in a timely manner, served as a key indicator for growth management and diseases diagnosis. In this paper, a three-layer multilayer perceptron （MLP） artificial neural network （ANN） based prediction system was presented for predicting the leaf population chlorophyll content from the cotton plant images. As the training of this prediction system relied heavily on how well those leaf green pixels were separated from background noises in cotton plant images, a global thresholding algorithm and an omnidirectional scan noise filtering coupled with the hue histogram statistic method were designed for leaf green pixel extraction. With the obtained leaf green pixels, the system training was carried out by applying a back propagation algorithm. The proposed system was tested to predict the chlorophyll content from the cotton plant images. The results using the proposed system were in sound agreement with those obtained by the destructive method. The average prediction relative error for the chlorophyll density （μg cm^-2） in the 17 testing images was 8.41%.

工业区工业污水处理厂工程工艺技术研究

本文主要以省际毗邻区南谯片区工业专业污水处理厂新建工程为实例,深入探讨了工业污水处理厂工程工艺技术的重要性。文章首先介绍了南谯片区工业专业污水处理厂新建工程项目的背景,揭示了其对于区域环境保护和工业发展的重要意义;其次详细阐述了污水处理厂厂址选择的一般原则,对南谯片区污水处理厂厂址方案进行了深入研究;最后从污水水质及处理要求、污水处理工艺两个角度,对污水处理厂建成后的工艺技术和实施效果进行了详细分析,希望为相关从业人员提供一定的参考。

基于Plant Simulation船舶分段制造车间的仿真与优化

目前分段车间生产过程面对的主要问题是生产流程受各类资源约束,无法达到节拍均衡生产。文章基于Plant Simulation软件采用流程再造技术,仿真船舶分段制造车间的生产流程,分析生产节拍的均衡性,并对此流程进行优化,进而得出最优的生产资源配置情况,消除制造瓶颈,使生产节拍最优。

Advanced Treatment of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent by Using Biofilms on Filamentous Bamboo

[ Objective ] The study aimed at treating wastewater treatment plant （WWTP） effluent by using bio-film reactor with filamentous bamboo as bio-carrier. [ Method] With the aid of a continuous flow reactor, a bio-film reactor using filamentous bamboo as bio-carrier was used to treat WWTP effluent with low C/N ratio, and the removal effects of CODc,, TN （total nitrogen）, and NO3--N in the wastewater were analyzed.[ Result ] The average removal rates of CODcr, TN, and NO3- -N reached 47.7%, 23.6% and 34.5% when the C/N ratio of influent was around 2. In addi- tion, a stable bio-film was formed very well in the secondary effluent with low C/N ratio and hardly degradable organic pollutants. The pollutants could be removed effectively because of the excellent surface characteristics and compositions of filamentous bamboo. [ Conclusion] The research provides a new method to treat WWTP effluent with low C/N ratio.

2×1050 MW机组火电厂脱硫废水深度处理工艺分析

为实现某2×1050 MW机组燃煤电厂的全厂废水零排放,文章对脱硫废水深度处理工艺进行了研究,首先详细对比了“离子置换浓缩处理+高温烟气喷雾干燥”和“低温闪蒸浓缩+旋转雾化旁路蒸发干燥”处理工艺,其次结合工业应用实例比较了二者的优缺点及技术经济性。比对结果表明,这2种技术路线均具有可行性。其中,“离子置换浓缩处理+高温烟气喷雾干燥”工艺的投资成本约为6168万元,吨水运行成本为56.97元;“低温闪蒸浓缩+旋转雾化旁路蒸发干燥”的投资成本约为6481万元;热源采用余热的吨水运行成本为41.79元,采用蒸汽的吨水运行成本则为77.07元。如拟作为科技创新项目,推荐采用“离子置换浓缩处理+高温烟气喷雾干燥”工艺;如拟作为技改项目,则推荐“低温闪蒸浓缩+旋转雾化旁路蒸发干燥”工艺。

Multimedia model of atrazine in plant-soil-groundwater system with a fugacity approach

The application of atrazine in China during the last ten years has led to some environmental problems. In this paper, the multimedia model of atrazine in soil-plant-groundwater system at Baiyangdian Lake area in Northern China was established using a fugacity approach, and verified with observed values. The model involved 7 environmental compartments which are air, groundwater, soil, corn roots, corn stem, corn leaf and kernel of corn. The results showed that the relative errors between calculated and observed values have a mean value of 24.7%, the highest value is 48% and the lowest value is 1.4%. All these values indicated that this multimedia model can be used to simulate the environmental fate of atrazine. Both the calculated and observed values of concentrations of atrazine in plant compartments are in the following order: in corn roots > in corn stem > in kernel of corn > in corn leaf, it exhibited a good regularity. The prediction results indicated that concentrations of atrazine in the groundwater and kernel of corn will override the limitation of 3 μg/L and 0.05 mg/kg respectively.

基于Plant Simulation的航空发动机维修生产线工序优化

针对航空发动机维修生产线生产效率较低的问题,考虑航空发动机大修工序间关系复杂度高、动态性及工时不确定等特点,采用Plant Simulation生产系统仿真软件对大修生产线建立仿真模型。在对工序流程、维修区域和工时等分析的基础上,通过仿真模型对26个维修工序工位从堵塞时间、工作时间和等待时间3个方面进行分析,识别得出叶轮性能恢复、涡轮转子性能恢复和试车3个瓶颈工序。对不同影响因素开展仿真优化与敏感性分析,得出瓶颈工序的优化措施及效果评价。