A Review of the Application of Process Evaluation in Junior High School English Teaching under “Double Reduction”

The “Double Reduction” policy is not only to reduce the excessive learning burden of students, but also to improve the quality of students’ learning and to promote their overall development. In order to achieve the goal of the “Double Reduction” policy, it is necessary to focus on the implementation of measures to strengthen process evaluation as proposed in the “General Plan for Deepening Education Evaluation Reform in a New Era”. Therefore, the article will analyze the current situation of the research from three aspects: the connotation of “Double Reduction” and process evaluation, process evaluation under “Double Reduction” and process evaluation in English teaching, and look forward to the future development trend, with the aim of implementing the “Double Reduction” policy and giving full play to process evaluation. The aim is to implement the policy of “Double Reduction” and give full play to the role of process evaluation, so as to effectively guide the practice of English teaching.

Comparative evaluation of processes for heavy metal removal from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

Hydrochloric acid leaching, chloride evaporation, acetic acid leaching, and biological leaching were evaluated and compared as processes of heavy metal removal for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash(MSWFA). Six factors, namely, energy consumption, process efficiency, process handling, process cost estimation, cost reduction potential, and study progress, were used in order to find out their advantages and disadvantages and to help develop a better recovery process of heavy metals from MSWFA in terms of treatment of the waste material. Hydrochloric acid leaching process was found to be most balanced among the evaluated processes. It showed superiority on energy consumption, process cost estimation, and study progress. On the other hand, despite of its excellency in process efficiency, chloride evaporation process was most unfavorable mainly due to heavy energy dependence. Biological process, with huge potential of cost reduction, was concluded to be the second best process.

Applying Digital Image Processing to Evaluate a Extraction Method of Cartographic Features in Digital Images

A topic studied in cartography is to make the extraction of cartographic features that provide the update of cartographic maps more easily. For this reason many automatic routines were created with the intent to perform the features extraction. Despite of all studies about this, some features cannot be found by the algorithm or it can extract some pixels unduly. So the current article aims to show the results with the software development that uses the original and reference image to calculate some statistics about the extraction process. Furthermore, the calculated statistics can be used to evaluate the extraction process.

Research on the Reform of Course Assessment and Evaluation in Colleges and Universities

Under the background of the new concept of“four evaluations”,colleges and universities need to strengthen the management of learning process,promote the reform of curriculum process evaluation,build a diversified student learning evaluation system,reflect the achievement of curriculum objectives,timely feedback and form continuous improvement.This paper discusses the necessity of the reform of college curriculum evaluation,interprets the concept of the new concept,and puts forward the implementation method of the evaluation reform,in order to contribute to the reform of college curriculum evaluation.

Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process to a WiMAX Performance Evaluation Model

Evaluating performance of individual features of WiMAX technology is a topic of widespread discussion. Currently, there is no quantitative way of measuring WiMAX technology so that wireless operators can meet their design objectives. This paper outlines a set of design criteria for WiMAX and provides a decision-making aid that ranks the importance of criteria using Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP）. This ranking should sufficiently reflect market expectations of the relative importance of various design criteria. A model integrating AHP priorities with enhanced Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA） is the basis for formulating a technological value in simple, comparable format. A case study is provided to show how this technological value is used to evaluate a three year network deployment plan. In the future, this model could be extended to WiMAX equipment suppliers for the purpose of validating performance targets of individual criteria, and enhancing supplier roadmaps for future network development.

Research on the Teaching Evaluation System for Art Creation Classes

Traditional art creation design research is a course that cultivates comprehensive talents in the Fine Arts Department of Sichuan University of Arts.This course has been offered over eight terms,and its purpose is to cultivate students’comprehensive design ability.This course aims to cultivate the abilities to create and inherit traditional art as well as to control and study the course of art creation.Based on the teaching practice of this course,the teaching evaluation system is reformed and studied so as to form a better evaluation system for the teaching of art creation.

Evaluation of suitability area by ground source heat pump system in Baotou plain

According to the elements of hydrogeological conditions,lithology,stratigraphic thermal physical parameters,construction technology and economic rational elements,the evaluation system of ground source heat pump( GSHP) were established in Baotou plain. The factor weights were determined by using analytic hierarchy process,and the comprehensive element method was selected to evaluate the region suitability of GSHP system. The results show that the suitable area is 559. 63 km2 for utilizing GSHP in the studied area,accounting for 62. 58% of the total area; while the unsuitable area is 334. 60 km2,accounting for37.42%. The evaluating results can provide not only a scientific basis for development and utilization rationally of shallow geothermal heat in Baotou,but also offer an important reference to the other areas.

A Preliminary Study on Strategies to Improve Writing Skills in Lower Grades of Primary School

Teaching writing is an essential component of Chinese education in primary schools and an important foundation for students’reading,writing,and core literacy development.However,due to various reasons,children in the lower grades always face multiple difficulties in the learning task of writing.Based on this educational status quo,this article puts forward strategic suggestions for improving writing skills in the lower grades of primary school.Teachers should analyze students and attend to each student individually,optimize teaching methods,and implement hierarchical teaching.They should also strengthen the training of students’fine motor skills to solidify the physiological foundation for writing.Emphasis should be placed on cultivating the core quality of aesthetic creation.Employing multiple process evaluations can inspire children’s long-term interest in learning.

Modeling and analysis of cloud computing system survivability based on Bio-PEPA

For the cloud computing system,combined wth the memory function and incomplete matching of the biological immune system,a formal modeling and analysis method of the cloud computing system survivability is proposed by analyzing the survival situation of critical cloud services.First,on the basis of the SAIR(susceptible,active,infected,recovered)model,the SEIRS(susceptible,exposed,infected,recovered,susceptible)model and the vulnerability diffusion model of the distributed virtual system,the evolution state of the virus is divided into six types,and then the diffusion rules of the virus in the service domain of the cloud computing system and the propagation rules between service domains are analyzee.Finally,on the basis of Bio-PEPA(biological-performance evaluation process algebra),the formalized modeling of the survivability evolution of critical cloud services is made,and the SLIRAS(susceptible,latent,infected,recovered,antidotal,susceptible)model is obtained.Based on the stochastic simulation and the ODEs(ordinary differential equations)simulation of the Bio-PEPA model,the sensitivity parameters of the model are analyzed from three aspects,namely,the virus propagation speed of inter-domain,recovery ability and memory ability.The results showthat the proposed model has high approximate fitting degree to the actual cloud computing system,and it can well reflect the survivable change of the system.

Model-based optimal design of phase change ionic liquids for efficient thermal energy storage

The selection of phase change material(PCM)plays an important role in developing high-efficient thermal energy storage(TES)processes.Ionic liquids(ILs)or organic salts are thermally stable,non-volatile,and non-flammable.Importantly,researchers have proved that some ILs possess higher latent heat of fusion than conventional PCMs.Despite these attractive characteristics,yet surprisingly,little research has been performed to the systematic selection or structural design of ILs for TES.Besides,most of the existing work is only focused on the latent heat when selecting PCMs.However,one should note that other properties such as heat capacity and thermal conductivity could affect the TES performance as well.In this work,we propose a computer-aided molecular design(CAMD)based method to systematically design IL PCMs for a practical TES process.The effects of different IL properties are simultaneously captured in the IL property models and TES process models.Optimal ILs holding a best compromise of all the properties are identified through the solution of a formulated CAMD problem where the TES performance of the process is maximized.[MPyEtOH][TfO]is found to be the best material and excitingly,the identified top nine ILs all show a higher TES performance than the traditional PCM paraffin wax at 10 h thermal charging time.

Acceptability,usefulness,and satisfaction with a web-based video-tailored physical activity intervention:The TaylorActive randomized controlled trial

Purpose:This study aimed to examine the usage,acceptability,usability,perceived usefulness,and satisfaction of a web-based video-tailored physical activity(PA)intervention(TaylorActive)in adults.Methods:In 2013-2014,501 Australian adults aged 18+years were randomized into a video-tailored intervention,text-tailored intervention,or control group.Over 3 months,the intervention groups received access to 8 sessions of personally tailored PA advice delivered via the TaylorActive website.Only the delivery method differed between the intervention groups:video-tailored vs.text-tailored.Google Analytics and telephone surveys conducted at post intervention(3 months)were used to assess intervention usage,acceptability,usability,perceived usefulness,and satisfaction.Quantitative and qualitative process data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis.Results:Of 501 recruited adults,259 completed the 3-month post-intervention survey(52%retention).Overall,usage of the TaylorActive website with respect to number of website visits,intervention sessions,and action plans completed was modest in both the video-tailored(7.6士7.2 visits,mean±SD)and text-tailored(7.3±5.4 visits)groups with no significant between-group differences.The majority of participants in all groups used the TaylorActive website less than once in 2 weeks(66.7%video-tailored,62.7%text-tailored,87.5%control;p<0.001).Acceptability was rated mostly high in all groups and in some instances,significantly higher in the intervention groups compared to the control group(p<0.010).Usability was also rated high;mean Systems Usability Scores were 77.3(video-tailored),75.7(text-tailored),and 74.1(control)with no significant between-group differences.Perceived usefulness of the TaylorActive intervention was low,though mostly rated higher in the intervention groups compared to the control group(p<0.010).Satisfaction with the TaylorActive website was mixed.Participants in both intervention groups liked its ease of use,personalized feedback,and tracking of progress,but also found completing action plans and survey questions for each session repetitive and tedious.Conclusion:Providing personally tailored PA advice on its own(through either video or text)is likely insufficient to ensure good retention,usage,perceived usefulness,and satisfaction with a web-based PA intervention.Strategies to address this may include the incorporation of additional intervention components such as activity trackers,social interactions,gamification,as well as the use of advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies to allow more personalized dialogue with participants.

Manufacturing Process Oriented Environmental Friendly Assessment with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution

Green manufacturing is a mode to realize environmental friendliness by considering the environmental impact and energy consumption in manufacturing process.In order to make an environmental friendly assessment for manufacturing process,a multi-criteria decision making( MCDM) model combined with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process( FAHP) and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution( FTOPSIS) is proposed in this work.The environmental and resource criteria and manufacturing process objects are identified as the first step.Then,the weights of the criteria are calculated by FAHP.Finally,based on experts' evaluation using fuzzy words,the manufacturing process objects are ranked by FTOPSIS.The proposed methodology is applied to a gear shaft manufacturing.The sensitivity analysis and comparisons are implemented to prove its robustness and effectiveness for the ecofriendly assessment for process objects.

Adolescents’ perspectives on a school-based physical activity intervention:A mixed method study

Purpose'. To examine adolescent experiences and perspectives of the GoActive intervention (ISRCTN31583496) using mixed methods processevaluation to determine satisfaction with intervention components and interpret a*dolescents experiences of the intervention process in order toprovide insights for future intervention design.Methods'. Participants (n = 1542;13.2 土 0.4 years, mean 土 SD) provided questionnaire data at baseline (shyness, activity level) and post-intervention(intervention acceptability, satisfaction with components). Between-group differences (boys vs. girls and shy/inactive vs. others) weretested with linear regression models, accounting for school clustering. Data from 16 individual interviews (shy/inactive) and 11 focus groupswith 48 participants (mean = 4;range 2—7) were thematically coded. Qualitative and quantitative data were merged in an integrative mixedmethods convergence matrix, which denoted convergence and dissonance across datasets.Results'. Effect sizes for quantitative results were small and may not represent substantial between-group differences. Boys (vs. girls) preferredclass-based sessions (0 = 0.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1—0.3);qualitative data suggested that this was because boys preferred competition,which was supported quantitatively (0 = 0.2, 95%CI: 0.1-0.3). Shy/inactive students did not enjoy the competition (0 = -0.3, 95%CI:—0.5 to —0.1). Boys enjoyed trying new activities more (0 = 0.1, 95%CI: 0.1 -0.2);qualitative data indicated a desire to try new activities acrossall subgroups but identified barriers to choosing unfamiliar activities with self-imposed choice restriction leading to boredom. Qualitative datahighlighted critique of mentorship;adolescents liked the idea, but older mentors did not meet expectations.Conclusion. We interpreted adolescent perspectives of intervention components and implementation to provide insights into future complexinterventions aimed at increasing young people's physical activity in school-based settings. The intervention component mentorship was liked inprinciple, but implementation issues undesirably impacted satisfaction;competition was disliked by girls and shy/inactive students. The resultshighlight the importance of considering gender differences in preference of competition and extensive mentorship training.

Analysis of structural fuzzy random seismic response

The earthquake loads specified for the aseismic structure design depend mainly on the predicted seismic intensity and the site soil classification.Earthquake excitation not only has evident randomness but also has strong fuzziness owing to the imprecision in the definition and evaluation norms of seismic intensity and site soil classification.A realistic analysis and design of structural systems subjected to such earthquake excitations must account for the uncertainty arising from both randomness and fuzziness simultaneously in a consistent and rational manner.In this paper,the models of stationary and nonstationary filtered white noise fuzzy stochastic processes of the earthquake ground motion are set up.And then the analysis methods for fuzzy random seismic response of single degree of freedom and multi degree of freedom systems are put forward by the theory of fuzzy stochastic dynamical systems(Zhang,1991;Zhang and Wang,1993).

Study on Process Economics of Natural Resource Utilization

Finite supply of non-regenerative resources triggers a competition between economic entities or between areas, which requires the ways regarding their utilization with higher levels in science and the standards regarding their use with higher efficiency in economics. To solve a problem of process evaluation in science and of driving force in economics during a process design or a process run for natural resources utilization, a process evaluation parameter originated from natural gas hydrate preparation from a small scale to industrialization scale and the equation of the criterion dependent are introduced to evaluate a variety of processes of natural resources utilization. The analyses indicate that the parameter is relevant to internal undeveloped resources amount change with a stable mass composition in a virtual black box model and external variable market with an implication of process efficiency in economy or of process efficiency of resource utilization and that the parameter has similar features of the thermodynamic state functions. Moreover, the equation of the criterion provided is a difference between the value of the process evaluation parameter at the final state and the value of the process evaluation parameter at the initial state in an actual process, which can be used to determine the direction of development and to judge the size of the driving force in an actual process or an economical run. The provided examples and correlative mathematical description can guide how an identification for the undeveloped resources and a real-time adjustment of dynamic production for the developing resource are done and how decisions regarding resource exploitation, the venture forecasting of capital utilization and updating technology are made. The parameter used itself and the equation of the derived criterion can help by playing a predictive role for selecting the optimal use processes and for designing new process of the natural resource utilization or capital use, and by playing a practical role for adjusting factual production status and for improving the actual process of the utilization of resource or capital in an economic society. Finally, those closed resource systems having accumulation or depletion of the resources or a variable mass such as a decomposition system, a fission system and a biological reproduction system will become possible future research objectives under the guide of this work.

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration via Steelmaking Slag Carbonation in Alkali Solutions: Experimental Investigation and Process Evaluation

Carbon dioxide mineral sequestration with steelmaking slag is a promising method for reducing carbon dioxide in a large- scale setting. Existing calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide in steelmaking slag can be easily leached by water, and the formed calcium carbonate can be easily wrapped on the surface of unreacted steelmaking slag particles. Thus, further increase in the carbonation reaction rate can be prevented. Enhanced carbon dioxide mineral sequestration with steel- making slag in dilute alkali solution was analysed in this study through experiments and process evaluation. Operating conditions, namely alkali concentration, reaction temperature and time, and liquid-to-solid ratio, were initially investigated. Then, the material and energy balance of the entire process was calculated, and the net carbon dioxide sequestration efficiency at different reaction times was evaluated. Results showed that dilute alkali solution participated in slowing down the leaching of active calcium in the steelmaking slag and in significantly improving carbonation conversion rate. The highest carbonation conversion rate of approximately 50% can be obtained at the optimal conditions of 20 g/L alkali concentration, 2 mL/L liquid-to-solid ratio, and 70 ℃ reaction temperature. Carbonation reaction time significantly influences the net carbon dioxide sequestration efficiency. According to calculation, carbon dioxide emission of 52.6 kg/t- slag was avoided at a relatively long time of 120 min.

Process evaluation of E-learning in continuing medical education:evidence from the China-Gates Foundation Tuberculosis Control Program

Background:E-learning is a growing phenomenon which provides a unique opportunity to address the challenges in continuing medical education(CME).The China-Gates Foundation Tuberculosis(TB)Control Program implemented online training forTB health workers in three provinces of China.We aim to evaluate the implementation of E-learning CME programs,analyse the barriers and facilitators during the implementation process,and to provide policy recommendations.

Detection of schedule delay risk of empirical construction projects

In Ethiopian construction projects, schedule delay risk is a predominant issue because it is not properly addressed. Although several studies have been focused on the various effects of risk in construction projects, limited efforts have been made to investigate the typical and the overall schedule delay risk. In this study, our aim is to detect the typical and overall schedule delay risk throughout the construction project lifecycle, which consists of the pre-construction, construction, and post-construction stages, and compare the stages with each other. Common criteria, sub-criteria, and attributes were developed for all alternatives for the purpose of making a risk decision. The methodology that was followed integrated the multiplecriteria decision-making(MCDM) model of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process comprehensive evaluation(FAHPCE)and the relative important index(RII). Data were collected from 77 participants, who were selected through purposive sampling from different contracting organizations in Ethiopian construction projects by means of questionnaires that were distributed to experienced experts. The findings showed that there is a typical delay risk either in the type or in the level of the different construction activities.Consequently, the most influenced alternative is the construction stage because of the high-risk responsibility,resource, and contract condition related criteria. The postconstruction stage was the second most influenced stage because of the high-risk responsibility-related criteria. The pre-constructed stage was the least influenced stage that consist high-risk criteria of responsibility, resource, and contract condition related. These differences provided noteworthy information about risk mitigation in construction projects by identifying the exact risk level on specific activity to make appropriate decision.

Performance Modelling of Patient Flow Scheduling Through a Formal Method

Smart environment is being used in many areas to deliver more services to individuals in a physical space, such as a hospital. In the UK, the National Health Service(NHS) provides free and high quality healthcare service for all residents. Smart hospital environment is able to support NHS and provide more convenience. Patient flow scheduling is a crucial section in a smart hospital environment. Smart hospital environment aims to provide a smart environment in the hospital to facilitate individual experience and improve the quality of healthcare service.First of all, this paper investigates a real world patient flow scenario of a hospital in the UK and models a general scheduling scheme based on the scenario using a compositional formal approach, i.e. performance evaluation process algebra(PEPA). This scheduling scheme uses an easy-implemented solution(the grouping scheme) to reduce the waiting queue in the hospital. Secondly, fluid flow analysis is used for the performance analysis by generating a set of ordinary differential equations(ODEs) in terms of the PEPA model.

On Evaluating the Rate Function of Large Deviations for Jump Processes

This is a sequel to our joint paper in which upper bound estimates for large deviations for Markov chains are studied.The purpose of this paper is to characterize the rate function of large devia- tions for jump processes.In particular,an explicit expression of the rate function is given in the case of the process being symmetrizable.