During the period of social transformation in modern China,the sudden onslaught of malignant infectious diseases,the helplessness of the public,and the impact of the modern Western medical system promoted the profound...During the period of social transformation in modern China,the sudden onslaught of malignant infectious diseases,the helplessness of the public,and the impact of the modern Western medical system promoted the profound self‑revolution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Multiple factors,including politics,economy or religion contributed to the formulation of paper-based“TCM proclamation”.This paper,based on the prevention and control of cholera advocated in TCM proclamation,analyzes the new ways of cholera spread in China in early modern times and the complicated“country‑region‑medical institutions‑other institutions‑individuals”correlations.展开更多
During the period of social transformation in modem China,the sudden onslaught of malignant infectious diseases,the helplessness of the public,and the impact of the modem Western medical system promoted the profoimd s...During the period of social transformation in modem China,the sudden onslaught of malignant infectious diseases,the helplessness of the public,and the impact of the modem Western medical system promoted the profoimd self-revolution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Multiple factors,including politics,economy or religion contributed to the formulation of paper-based“TCM proclamation”.This paper,based on the prevention and control of cholera advocated in TCM proclamation,analyzes the new ways of cholera spread in China in early modem times and the complicated“country-region-medical instilulions-other institutions-individuals”correlations.展开更多
The accession of the Tudor dynasty to the English throne marked England’s transition into the modern age and a confrontation with new challenges both in culture and politics.The growth of a new wealthy middle class b...The accession of the Tudor dynasty to the English throne marked England’s transition into the modern age and a confrontation with new challenges both in culture and politics.The growth of a new wealthy middle class brought about confusion and disorder,threatening the superiority of an aristocracy that had stood the test of time.Throughout the Elizabethan age,when luxurious clothes signified social position and declared an aspiration of rank,apparel proved to be the medium through which such confusion became evident.Moral righteousness was the real concern for both Church and State:homilies against excess in apparel were read in churches,calling for sobriety as a virtue indispensable to the salvation of the soul.Urged through necessity and by preachers like Philippe Stubbes,Elizabeth I’s Parliament passed sumptuary proclamations to restrict clothing and impose social order on the basis of economic income.Convinced that costly attire was a cause of poverty and crime,Elizabeth’s proclamations on apparel were,with the exception of the law passed in 1559,based on Henry VIII’s law of 1533,but were no longer negative or prohibitive in character,simply establishing what the people had to do and wear.展开更多
The Mantetsu Employee Association(MEA)was a complex organization with various platforms,whose importance had not been acknowledged at the beginning of its establishment.After the outbreak of the Mukden Incident,MEA pu...The Mantetsu Employee Association(MEA)was a complex organization with various platforms,whose importance had not been acknowledged at the beginning of its establishment.After the outbreak of the Mukden Incident,MEA published two“Proclamations,”blatantly boasting of the“triumph”of Japanese invasion.Its members directly took part in military actions of the Kwantung Army,assisted the Kwantung Army with invasion,and performed actively in plotting the illegal establishment of Manchukuo.After Japan’s occupation of Northeast China,MEA regularly organized grand memorial activities to the Incident,so as to strengthen the consolidation of“Japanese in Manchuria.”MEA was an important force in Japan’s colonization of Northeast China,which endeavored to support Japan’s colonial rule in the region.展开更多
文摘During the period of social transformation in modern China,the sudden onslaught of malignant infectious diseases,the helplessness of the public,and the impact of the modern Western medical system promoted the profound self‑revolution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Multiple factors,including politics,economy or religion contributed to the formulation of paper-based“TCM proclamation”.This paper,based on the prevention and control of cholera advocated in TCM proclamation,analyzes the new ways of cholera spread in China in early modern times and the complicated“country‑region‑medical institutions‑other institutions‑individuals”correlations.
文摘During the period of social transformation in modem China,the sudden onslaught of malignant infectious diseases,the helplessness of the public,and the impact of the modem Western medical system promoted the profoimd self-revolution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Multiple factors,including politics,economy or religion contributed to the formulation of paper-based“TCM proclamation”.This paper,based on the prevention and control of cholera advocated in TCM proclamation,analyzes the new ways of cholera spread in China in early modem times and the complicated“country-region-medical instilulions-other institutions-individuals”correlations.
文摘The accession of the Tudor dynasty to the English throne marked England’s transition into the modern age and a confrontation with new challenges both in culture and politics.The growth of a new wealthy middle class brought about confusion and disorder,threatening the superiority of an aristocracy that had stood the test of time.Throughout the Elizabethan age,when luxurious clothes signified social position and declared an aspiration of rank,apparel proved to be the medium through which such confusion became evident.Moral righteousness was the real concern for both Church and State:homilies against excess in apparel were read in churches,calling for sobriety as a virtue indispensable to the salvation of the soul.Urged through necessity and by preachers like Philippe Stubbes,Elizabeth I’s Parliament passed sumptuary proclamations to restrict clothing and impose social order on the basis of economic income.Convinced that costly attire was a cause of poverty and crime,Elizabeth’s proclamations on apparel were,with the exception of the law passed in 1559,based on Henry VIII’s law of 1533,but were no longer negative or prohibitive in character,simply establishing what the people had to do and wear.
文摘The Mantetsu Employee Association(MEA)was a complex organization with various platforms,whose importance had not been acknowledged at the beginning of its establishment.After the outbreak of the Mukden Incident,MEA published two“Proclamations,”blatantly boasting of the“triumph”of Japanese invasion.Its members directly took part in military actions of the Kwantung Army,assisted the Kwantung Army with invasion,and performed actively in plotting the illegal establishment of Manchukuo.After Japan’s occupation of Northeast China,MEA regularly organized grand memorial activities to the Incident,so as to strengthen the consolidation of“Japanese in Manchuria.”MEA was an important force in Japan’s colonization of Northeast China,which endeavored to support Japan’s colonial rule in the region.
