Anti-inflammatory effects of Solanum procumbens on a low dose complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model

Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Solanum procumbens on complete Freund’s adjuvantinduced arthritis rat models.Methods:We isolated and identified five compounds in the ethanolsoluble Solanum procumbens extract(SP)with anti-inflammatory effects,including ursolic acid,β-sitosterol,hexadecanoic acid,cisvaccenic acid,and vanillic acid.Additionally,we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of SP on rheumatoid arthritis symptoms,including paw volumes,local temperatures,withdrawal latency,and mechanical withdrawal threshold at the hind paw and white blood cell(WBC)number from complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis rat models.Results:We have successfully established a complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model at a low dose(1 mg/mL).SP extract significantly reduced paw volumes(P<0.05),prolonged withdrawal latencies(P<0.05),decreased local temperature,and increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold(P<0.05),but only SP extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg significantly decreased WBC numbers.Conclusions:SP extract could be a potential medication candidate with anti-inflammatory effects for arthritis,but it requires further investigation into the mechanism of the SP and its effectiveness on other models as well as clinical trials.

平卧菊三七提取物降尿酸活性的物质基础分析

为探究平卧菊三七降尿酸活性物质基础,评价不同乙醇体积分数(0%、30%、70%)回流提取对平卧菊三七提取物有效成分含量、黄嘌呤氧化酶(xanthine oxidase,XOD)抑制能力及抗氧化活性的影响,利用非靶向代谢组学技术对提取物进行物质鉴定分析,同时,建立次黄嘌呤和氧嗪酸钾造模的高尿酸血症小鼠模型,以XOD抑制活性较高的30%醇提物和70%醇提物进行体内降尿酸效果评价。结果表明,提取物的XOD抑制活性和总黄酮、总有机酸含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05、P<0.01),超氧阴离子自由基清除能力与总酚含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。非靶向代谢组学共检测出705种差异代谢物,结合体外实验结果,推测柚皮素、1,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、α-亚麻酸、阿魏酸、香叶木素等物质为平卧菊三七降尿酸关键物质。30%和70%醇提物均可通过降低血清尿酸和抑制XOD缓解高尿酸血症(P<0.01),且一定程度上缓解高尿酸血症带来的肝脏氧化损伤。本研究通过体内和体外实验验证平卧菊三七具备降尿酸活性,对平卧菊三七降尿酸物质基础进行探讨,为平卧菊三七降尿酸活性物质的制备和功能食品开发提供理论依据。

匐枝青藓(Brachythecium procumbens)对重金属铅污染的光合特性响应

利用人工移植盆栽方法,包括对照在内,共设置11个不同浓度Pb处理,研究Pb污染对匐枝青藓各种光合色素含量及净光合速率的影响。结果表明,各种光合色素对铅污染的响应敏感性不同,叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素都很敏感,叶绿素b相对较差。短时间（7d）和低浓度的铅污染（0.2~0.5mmol.L-1）时,匐枝青藓配子体中各种光合色素的含量显著高于对照。随着铅污染时间的延长（≥14d）和浓度的增高,各种光合色素含量则随着铅浓度升高而逐渐下降。铅污染时间越长,浓度越高,光合色素含量降低幅度越大,其中叶绿素a含量降低最为关键。匐枝青藓的净光合速率在铅污染状态下也发生了显著变化,短时间污染下,随着铅污染浓度增高呈现出明显的先升后降的趋势,但长时间高浓度铅污染时,其下降速度和幅度更大,与对照相比,50%净光合速率的铅污染浓度阈值更低。匐枝青藓配子体各种光合色素的含量变化和净光合速率的变化可以作为监测环境重金属铅污染的生理指标,进行长期定性地指示区域环境重金属铅污染的状况。

基于UPLC-QTOF-MS和网络药理学探讨平卧菊三七治疗高尿酸血症潜在作用机制

目的鉴定平卧菊三七入血化学成分,采用网络药理学方法探讨平卧菊三七治疗高尿酸血症潜在作用机制。方法通过超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间串联质谱(UPLC-QTOF-MS)联用技术鉴定大鼠入血成分,利用TCMSP、Swiss Target Prediction、Gene-Cards数据库获得入血成分及疾病作用靶点,并通过STRING数据库、Cytoscape软件筛选核心靶点并构建PPI网络图、“入血成分-交集靶点”图;运用DAVID平台进行基因本体(GO)功能富集及KEGG通路富集分析。结果测得平卧菊三七入血成分24个,共筛选得到13个核心靶点、162个生物过程、86条信号通路。结论平卧菊三七可能通过槲皮素、咖啡酸、芦丁、秦皮乙素等活性成分作用于STAT3、RELA、IL6、PTGS2等核心靶点来调控细胞增殖、迁移等多个生物学过程,从而协同发挥治疗高尿酸血症的作用。

爵床总黄酮有效部位对抗小鼠实验性骨质疏松的作用研究

文章探究了爵床总黄酮有效部位在对抗醋酸泼尼松致小鼠实验性骨质疏松方面的作用及机制。实验对象为50只小鼠,随机分为正常对照组、爵床总黄酮有效部位高、中、低剂量组,以及模型组。通过给小鼠灌胃醋酸泼尼松,诱导小鼠发生实验性骨质疏松症。每组小鼠分别灌胃相应药物,每日一次,连续4周后取血清检测生化指标,并对小鼠股骨进行骨物理和骨生化指标检测。结果显示,醋酸泼尼松模型组小鼠的股骨中骨羟脯氨酸、骨钙、骨磷含量明显降低(P<0.01),血清中血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶含量明显升高(P<0.01);而爵床总黄酮有效部位剂量组相对模型组,小鼠股骨骨重和骨质含量明显提高(P<0.01),且血清中碱性磷酸酶含量显著增加(P<0.05)。该结果验证了爵床总黄酮有效部位能对抗小鼠实验性骨质疏松的作用机制。

平卧菊三七黄嘌呤氧化酶活性抑制提取物的成分分析和降尿酸作用

抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶(xanthine oxidase,XOD)活性降低尿酸生成是预防和治疗高尿酸血症的有效手段。为获得安全性高的天然来源XOD活性抑制剂,该文以XOD活性抑制率为指标,优化超声波提取条件获得食药兼用资源平卧菊三七XOD活性抑制提取物(Gynura procumbens(Lour.)Merr.extract,GE),利用液质联用技术鉴定其物质组成,并检测其降高尿酸血症小鼠血尿酸作用。经超高效液相色谱串联四级杆飞行时间质谱分析发现,GE主要含有4个单咖啡酰基奎尼酸、6个二咖啡酰基奎尼酸等绿原酸类物质和槲皮素及3个糖苷、山奈酚及1个糖苷等黄酮类物质。GE经乙酸乙酯萃取(GEA)和正丁醇萃取(GEB)后,XOD活性抑制率均提高。动物实验表明,GE、GEA和GEB均有效降低血清尿酸水平和肝XOD活性(P<0.01),显著降低肝丙二醛水平(P<0.01)、升高超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性,降低促炎因子IL-6和TNF-α含量(P<0.05)、恢复抑炎因子IL-10水平(P<0.01),从而减轻肾脏尿酸盐沉积和炎症,且GEA和GEB效果好于GE。研究结果可为开发食药资源降尿酸护肝肾产品提供理论基础。

匍枝青藓(Brachythecium procumbens)对铅胁迫的生理响应

苔藓植物是对环境变化最为敏感的指示植物之一.以匍枝青藓(Brachythecium procumbens(Mitt.)Jaeg.)为实验材料,测定铅胁迫下藓类植物的生理生化变化,研究探讨匍枝青藓对重金属胁迫的响应.实验结果表明:匍枝青藓总叶绿素含量随着铅胁迫时间的延长和铅处理浓度的升高而表现为先升后降的趋势;过氧化物酶(POD)含量总体呈现升高的趋势,但在铅处理浓度为0.0010～0.0012mmol/L时表现出了最大的耐受限度;丙二醛(MDA)含量随着铅处理浓度的升高呈现逐渐升高的趋势,随着铅处理时间的延长MDA含量整体呈现先升后降的趋势.结果说明匍枝青藓在铅胁迫下产生明显的生理生化指标变化,为进一步探索藓类植物对重金属胁迫的响应及其机理提供了科学依据.

爵床化学成分、药理作用与临床应用的研究进展及其质量标志物预测分析

爵床主要含有木脂素、黄酮、生物碱等类型的化学成分,临床上常用于辅助治疗疟疾、热病、肺热咳嗽、毒蛇咬伤等疾病。现代药理研究表明其具有抗血小板聚集、镇痛、抗肿瘤和抗炎等多种药理作用。本综述对爵床的本草考证进行了更具体的归纳,并结合国内外研究对爵床的化学成分、药理作用以及临床应用进行了总结,基于“五原则”及网络药理学、传统药性对爵床的质量标志物(Q-Marker)进行预测分析。初步预测6′-羟基爵床脂定A、6'-羟基爵床脂定B、6'-羟基爵床脂定C、爵床脂定B、金不换甲醚、山奈酚等成分可作为爵床的Q-Marker,以期为更好地开发和利用爵床属植物资源提供借鉴。

Hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic study of Gynura procumbens leaf extracts

Objective:To study the antidiabetic activity of Gynura procumbens(G.procumbens)used in the traditional management of diabetes in Southern Asia.Methods:G.procumbens leaves were extracted sequentially with graded percentage of ethanol in water(95%,75%,50%,25%and 0%),and the extracts were tested for antidiabetic activity using acute(7 h),subcutaneous glucose tolerance test and sub-chronic(14 d)test in non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.The extracts were further subjected to phytochemical studies.Results:In acute dose(1 g/kg),the extracts significantly lowered fasting blood glucose(FBG)in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats(P<0.05).However,the FBG-lowering effect of the 25%extract compared to the other extracts,was rapid(47%after 2 h)and the highest:53%,53%and 60%in the 3rd,5th,and 7th h,respectively(P<0.05),comparable only to the effect of metformin.Furthermore,the extracts suppressed peak FBG in subcutaneous glucose tolerance test,but only the 0%and 25%extracts,and metformin sustained the decrease until the 90th min(P<0.05).Moreover,in the 14 days study,the 25%extract exerted the highest FBG-lowering effect,namely 49.38%and 65.43%on days 7 and 14,respectively(P<0.05),similar to the effect of metformin(46.26%and 65.42%).Total flavanoid and phenolic contents in the extracts were found to decrease with increase in polarity of extraction solvents.The composition of reference compounds(chlorogenic acid,rutin,astragalin and kaempferol-3-O-nrtinoside)followed a similar trend.Conclusions:G.procumbens contains antidiabetic principles,most extracted in 25%ethanol.Interaction among active components appears to determine the antidiabetic efficacy,achieved likely by a metformin-like mechanism.

金鱼藤(Asarina procumbens)‘维多利亚瀑布’遗传转化体系建立

以金鱼藤‘维多利亚瀑布’品种为试验材料,建立根癌农杆菌介导金鱼藤遗传转化体系,以获得转LiSEP3基因金鱼藤植株。结果表明,金鱼藤愈伤组织最佳侵染时间为16 min,最佳菌液侵染浓度为OD600=0.6。菌液侵染后得到正常膨大生长抗性愈伤43个。抗性金鱼藤愈伤经PCR检测,呈阳性转基因愈伤20个。选取15株由阳性愈伤发育成的转基因金鱼藤植株幼苗,RT-PCR检测,最终获得阳性植株9株。

Effect of combination of Gynura procumbens aqueous extract and Trigona spp. honey on fertility and libido of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic male rats

Objective: To study the effects of co-administration of Gynura procumbens (GP) and kelulut honey (KH) on male fertility and libido in diabetes-induced rats. Methods: A total 42 males Sprague Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly and equally divided into six different groups. All groups except a normal control group were induced with 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) intravenously to induce diabetes. A positive control group was treated with an antidiabetic drug, metformin (500 mg/kg) whereas a negative control group remained untreated throughout the experiment. Meanwhile, another three treatments on diabetic rat groups were performed and categorised as Group 1 (450 mg/kg GP+ 300 mg/kg KH), Group 2 (450 mg/kg GP + 600 mg/kg KH) and Group 3 (450 mg/kg GP+ 1200 mg/kg KH). Treatments were given for seven consecutive days through oral gavage and all rats were euthanized on day 8th for fasting blood glucose analysis, sperm quality, spermatogenesis, sexual behaviour and implantation sites analysis. Results: Fasting blood glucose levels were significantly reduced after treatment of GP and KH, compared to negative and positive controls. The treated groups showed significant increment in sperm quality compared to all control groups. Testes histology illustrated significant damages on leydig and sertoli cells for both negative and positive controls. On the contrary, co-administration of GP and KH displayed regeneration of leydig and sertoli cells in the testes. Additionally, the number of implantation sites significantly increased in females copulated with treated groups, compared to controls. Besides, the libido analysis displayed improvement of libido in treated groups, compared to all controls. Throughout the study, insignificant variances were recorded between the treated groups, indicating that treatment in Group 1 was sufficient to trigger significant improvement on fasting blood glucose level, fertility, and libido in diabetic male rats. Conclusions: Co-administration of GP and KH has great potential to serve as a pro-fertility agent amongst diabetic patients.

青藓(Brachythecium procumbens)和细叶小羽藓(Haplocladium microphyllum)人工栽培方案的优化

青藓(Brachythecium procumbens)和细叶小羽藓(Haplocladium microphyllum)是公园绿地中广泛分布的有观赏价值的藓类植物.研究了栽培基质、营养液组成及其浓度、光照强度、配子体播种方式4个因素对秋冬季节青藓和细叶小羽藓植株生长的影响,获得了两种藓类植物的人工栽培的优化栽培方案.栽培青藓的方案如下:采用泥炭:蛭石按1∶1体积比混合的基质,将配子体植株剪成细碎小段(长约1 mm)种植,以全光照为条件,使用1/2剂量Hoagland&Arnon通用配方营养液,基质p H值为5.841,电导率(EC值)为140.2μS/cm,总孔隙度74.30%,大小空隙比1∶5.84;栽培细叶小羽藓的方案为:以泥炭:蛭石按2∶1体积比混合的基质,将配子体剪成细碎小段(长约1 mm)种植,以全光照为条件,并使用1/2剂量Hoagland&Arnon通用配方营养液,基质p H值为5.764,EC值为165.4μS/cm,总孔隙度76.82%,大小空隙比1∶4.33.

Evaluation of the Preventive and Therapeutic Activities of <i>Tridax procumbens</i>against Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia Induced in Wistar Rats

From the Asteraceaes family, Tridax procumbens is a wild species frequently found in fields, meadows and roadsides. It is traditionally used to treat yellow fever, typhoid fever, high blood pressure and diabetes. In this work we used the hydro-ethanolic extract of the leaves and stems of the plant and also the fractions of this extract to determine the preventive and therapeutic activities of the plant against obesity, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. The yields of the fractions obtained by decantation of the hydro-ethanolic extract are respectively 0.160% with hexane, 0.073% with dichloromethane, 0.09% with diethyl ether and 0.150% with ethyl acetate. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia were induced in the rats submitted to a fatty and sweet diet for 28 days. Our results showed a significant increase in glycemia, weight and triglyceride level in rats that were subjected to the diet. On the other hand, the rats treated with the dose of 500 mg/kg of body weight of Tridax procumbens extract during the induction showed a reduction in weight gain and an absence of increase in blood sugar and triglyceride levels. The ethyl acetate fraction of Tridax procumbens extract administered to fatty and hyperglycemic rats at 50 mg/kg of body weight for 14 days did not induce change in the blood sugar and triglycerides level of fatty and hyperglycemic rats. If it seems obvious that the extract of Tridax procumbens prevents hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, the ethyl acetate fraction does not seem to have a therapeutic effect.

平卧菊三七复方制剂美白祛斑的效应机制研究

目的探究平卧菊三七复方制剂(GPCP)的美白祛斑作用。方法运用紫外线扫描、酪氨酸酶抑制率测定、自由基清除实验等方法体外评估GPCP的美白能力;建立紫外线诱导的色素沉积模型检测GPCP的色素沉着调节能力和β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)、环氧化酶-2(COX-2)及基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)的蛋白表达水平。结果体外实验结果表明,GPCP的紫外线吸收能力优于阳性药物熊果苷;平卧菊三七中的小分子化合物绿原酸、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B、对羟基肉桂酸不仅表现出较强的自由基清除活性,还表现出较强的酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力。动物实验结果表明,第1,7,15天时低、高剂量GPCP均能降低皮肤中的黑色素含量以及β-catenin、COX-2及MMP-9的蛋白表达水平。结论GPCP通过其良好的抗氧化活性以及酪氨酸酶抑制活性,减少皮肤中紫外诱导的色素沉着,这可能是通过下调MMP-9-COX-2/β-catenin通路信号实现。

响应面法优化爵床总黄酮的提取工艺及理化性质

目的:采用响应面法优化爵床总黄酮的回流提取工艺,并对其进行稳定性和抗氧化活性考察。方法:以爵床为药材,选择不同的料液比、乙醇体积分数、提取时间和提取温度作为单因素,以爵床总黄酮提取量为指标,进行单因素考察;继而运用响应面法进行优化,获得最佳提取工艺。通过设定不同的温度、光照、pH以及金属离子等条件,考察爵床总黄酮的稳定性;通过对DPPH自由基清除率进行测定,评价其抗氧化活性。结果:爵床总黄酮提取工艺的最佳条件,料液比1:23 g/mL、乙醇体积分数55%、提取时间20 min、提取温度70℃;提取量为9.02 mg/g。稳定性试验结果表明,爵床总黄酮在30~90℃、pH4~9条件下较稳定,在金属离子Cu^(2+)、Fe^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Al^(3+)、Ba^(2+)条件下较不稳定。DPPH自由基清除率结果表明,爵床总黄酮对DPPH自由基的IC50为0.079 mg/mL。结论:响应面法优化爵床总黄酮回流提取工艺稳定、可靠,提取物具有一定的稳定性和抗氧化活性。

蛇接骨提取物抗氧化活性的研究

为了探讨蛇接骨粗提物的抗氧化能力,通过检测其羟基自由基(·OH)、总还原能力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)等指标,评估了蛇接骨提取物的体外抗氧化活性,同时测定了其粗提物中总多糖及多酚含量。结果表明:蛇接骨75%乙醇提取物的总多糖含量达到12.26%,多酚含量为0.79%;清除DPPH·(IC50=18.68 mg·mL^(-1))、·OH(IC50=1.32 mg·mL^(-1))的效果也较好,与阳性对照组的抗坏血酸效果相当。说明蛇接骨75%乙醇提取物具有较好的体外抗氧化活性。

平铺白珠种子萌发特性研究

为提高平铺白珠的繁殖效率,以采集的平铺白珠‘极速贵族’种子为供试材料,测量种子形态、千粒重、吸水特性;并通过培养皿滤纸萌发法统计不同GA3处理和温度处理下种子的发芽率;将无菌萌发所获幼苗与常规播种苗长势进行对比。结果表明,平铺白珠‘极速贵族’种子属小粒种子(千粒重(0.2995±0.0111)g),种子种皮薄且透水性良好。GA3浸种时间、GA3浸种浓度和温度三者间存在交互作用,其中GA3浓度和温度是影响种子萌发的关键因子,浓度为1000 mg/L的GA3溶液浸泡种子12~24 h,环境温度为白天25℃、夜晚15℃的条件有利于促进种子萌发,种子发芽率可达90%以上,显著高于对照(64.67%)。无菌苗长势要优于常规播种苗,无菌萌发1500 mg/L GA3预处理种苗的平均株高(12.17 mm)和平均根长(18.15 mm)均高于常规播种苗的株高(9.65 mm)和根长(13.31 mm),培养基配方为WPM+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+30 g/L蔗糖。

蔓三七根多糖的理化性质

以蔓三七根为实验材料,采用水提醇沉法获得蔓三七根粗多糖,经Sevage试剂纯化后得蔓三七根多糖,然后测定多糖、糖醛酸、硫酸根以及蛋白质的含量和单糖组成。结果表明,蔓三七根多糖主要由鼠李糖(6-脱氧-L-甘露糖,L-rhamnose)、木糖(xylose)、阿拉伯糖[L(+)-树胶醛糖,L-arabinose]、甘露糖(mannose)、半乳糖(galactose)、葡萄糖(glucose)6种单糖组成。

平卧菊三七根中化学成分的研究

目的:研究平卧菊三七根中化学成分。方法:通过柱层析色谱、制备型高效液相色谱等方法进行分离、纯化,运用核磁共振、质谱等波谱技术以及文献数据对比鉴定各化合物结构。结果:从平卧菊三七根中共分离出9个化合物,分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1)、胡萝卜苷(2)、β-豆甾烯醇(3)、5α-stigmastna-3-one(4)、亚油酸甲酯(5)、1-甲氧基苯基-1-醇(6)、山柰酚-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)、芦丁(8)、山柰酚(9)。结论:化合物1、5~8和9均为首次从菊三七属中分离得到,酚类化合物如黄酮是该植物中的主要成分。

平卧菊三七中绿原酸提取及纯化工艺的优化

采用超声醇提法从平卧菊三七(Gynura procumbens)中提取绿原酸,设计正交试验考察乙醇体积分数、料液比、pH、超声功率对绿原酸提取率的影响。通过静态吸附—解吸试验优选适合绿原酸纯化的大孔树脂,并运用单因素试验优化动态吸附—解吸条件。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇体积分数70%、料液比1∶15(m∶V,g/mL)、pH 4、超声功率120 W,此条件下绿原酸得率为3.13%。HPD600型树脂对绿原酸有较高的吸附率和解吸率,优化后的吸附条件为上样流速2 mL/min、pH 3;适宜的洗脱剂为体积分数30%和50%的乙醇,纯化后绿原酸的纯度为77.4%。