Produced water from an oil extraction site in South Kuwait was sampled after primary oil – water separation had been carried out. The produced water was filtered through a mixture of activated charcoal and esterified...Produced water from an oil extraction site in South Kuwait was sampled after primary oil – water separation had been carried out. The produced water was filtered through a mixture of activated charcoal and esterified cellulosic material gained from spent coffee grounds as a tertiary adsorption treatment. The earth-alkaline metal ions and heavy metals were separated from the de-oiled produced water by addition of either sodium or potassium hydroxide in the presence of carbon dioxide or by direct addition of solid sodium carbonate. The resulting filtrate gave salt of industrial purity upon selective crystallization on evaporation.展开更多
Large volumes of water are generated in gas- and oil-production. This includes the water that is present originally in the reservoirs, but also water that is injected into the wells. While currently much of the produc...Large volumes of water are generated in gas- and oil-production. This includes the water that is present originally in the reservoirs, but also water that is injected into the wells. While currently much of the produced water is either reinjected or disposed of after treatment, treated produced water is increasingly seen as an interesting resource, especially in water-scarce regions. This review looks at different PW treatment methods available, with an emphasis on the management of PW in oil- and gas production on the Arabian Peninsula.展开更多
[Objectives]To analyze the composition of volatile oils from mango leaves from different producing areas.[Methods]The volatile oils in mango leaves from different areas was extracted by steam distillation,and the GC-M...[Objectives]To analyze the composition of volatile oils from mango leaves from different producing areas.[Methods]The volatile oils in mango leaves from different areas was extracted by steam distillation,and the GC-MS method combined with retention index and peak area normalization method was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis.[Results]The volatile oils of mango leaves in southern provinces contained high content of terpenes,such asα-gurjunene(18.39%-34.13%),(+)-viridiflorene(8.95%-16.30%)and(E)-β-ocimene(3.49%-7.63%).The volatile oils components of mango leaves were significantly different in different provinces,for example,mango leaves produced in Hainan Province contained a large amount ofβ-selinene(23.00%),but not in other provinces.[Conclusions]The origin had a great influence on the composition and contents of volatile oils in mango leaves.展开更多
The most important waste stream created during oil and gas production is oilfield-produced water.When discharged without treatment,it poses a significant risk of pollution of marine ecosystems.While adequate treatment...The most important waste stream created during oil and gas production is oilfield-produced water.When discharged without treatment,it poses a significant risk of pollution of marine ecosystems.While adequate treatment before disposal is acceptable,achieving authorized discharge criteria continues to be a problem for the petroleum sector.This research examined the physicochemical characteristics of produced water at various month intervals before and after treatment.Heavy metal and organic component concentrations in water samples were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy and gas chromatography.The results indicate that produced water from a certain Niger Delta oilfield contains significant amounts of heavy metals and some organic compounds after treatment.The present laws,as well as the measurement of dispersed oil and grease content,have been in place for a long period of time without considerable change,even though most dangerous components in produced water are dissolved.It is recommendable for the prospective field developers/operators to consider the dissolved components of produced water and consider the economic consequences of adopting tertiary produced water polishing technologies.展开更多
文摘Produced water from an oil extraction site in South Kuwait was sampled after primary oil – water separation had been carried out. The produced water was filtered through a mixture of activated charcoal and esterified cellulosic material gained from spent coffee grounds as a tertiary adsorption treatment. The earth-alkaline metal ions and heavy metals were separated from the de-oiled produced water by addition of either sodium or potassium hydroxide in the presence of carbon dioxide or by direct addition of solid sodium carbonate. The resulting filtrate gave salt of industrial purity upon selective crystallization on evaporation.
文摘Large volumes of water are generated in gas- and oil-production. This includes the water that is present originally in the reservoirs, but also water that is injected into the wells. While currently much of the produced water is either reinjected or disposed of after treatment, treated produced water is increasingly seen as an interesting resource, especially in water-scarce regions. This review looks at different PW treatment methods available, with an emphasis on the management of PW in oil- and gas production on the Arabian Peninsula.
文摘[Objectives]To analyze the composition of volatile oils from mango leaves from different producing areas.[Methods]The volatile oils in mango leaves from different areas was extracted by steam distillation,and the GC-MS method combined with retention index and peak area normalization method was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis.[Results]The volatile oils of mango leaves in southern provinces contained high content of terpenes,such asα-gurjunene(18.39%-34.13%),(+)-viridiflorene(8.95%-16.30%)and(E)-β-ocimene(3.49%-7.63%).The volatile oils components of mango leaves were significantly different in different provinces,for example,mango leaves produced in Hainan Province contained a large amount ofβ-selinene(23.00%),but not in other provinces.[Conclusions]The origin had a great influence on the composition and contents of volatile oils in mango leaves.
文摘The most important waste stream created during oil and gas production is oilfield-produced water.When discharged without treatment,it poses a significant risk of pollution of marine ecosystems.While adequate treatment before disposal is acceptable,achieving authorized discharge criteria continues to be a problem for the petroleum sector.This research examined the physicochemical characteristics of produced water at various month intervals before and after treatment.Heavy metal and organic component concentrations in water samples were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy and gas chromatography.The results indicate that produced water from a certain Niger Delta oilfield contains significant amounts of heavy metals and some organic compounds after treatment.The present laws,as well as the measurement of dispersed oil and grease content,have been in place for a long period of time without considerable change,even though most dangerous components in produced water are dissolved.It is recommendable for the prospective field developers/operators to consider the dissolved components of produced water and consider the economic consequences of adopting tertiary produced water polishing technologies.
