Productivity and international energy price shocks are reflected in PPI and CPI via industrial chains.China’s in-depth participation into the global value chains has increasingly lengthened its industrial production ...Productivity and international energy price shocks are reflected in PPI and CPI via industrial chains.China’s in-depth participation into the global value chains has increasingly lengthened its industrial production chains.The question is how the changing length of production chains will affect CPI and PPI,as well as CPI-PPI correlation?By constructing a global input-output price model,this paper offers a theoretical discussion on the impact of production chain length on the CPI-PPI divergence.Our findings suggest that the price shock of international bulk commodities has a greater impact on China’s PPI than that on CPI.The effects on both China’s PPI and CPI estimated by using the single-country input-output model are higher than the results estimated with the global input-output model.However,the difference between CPI and PPI variations estimated with the global input-output model is greater than the result estimated with the single-country input-output model,which supports the view that the lengthening of production chains,especially international production chains,leads to a divergence between CPI and PPI.Empirical results based on cross-national panel data also suggest that the lengthening of production chains has reduced the CPI-PPI correlation for countries,i.e.the lengthening of production chains has increased the PPI-CPI divergence.That is to say,policymakers should target not just CPI in maintaining price stability,but instead focus on the stability of both PPI and CPI.Efforts can be made to proactively adjust the price index system,and formulate the industrial chain price index.展开更多
The Chinese masters of the seventeenth century inspire luxury brand Chanel Some brands like Chanel continually put on the market products that carry an element of dream: an
Objective:To study the secondary warehouse management system and operation mode of medical low value consumables under SPD mode.Methods:From August 2018 to August 2019,the management mode of the secondary warehouse ma...Objective:To study the secondary warehouse management system and operation mode of medical low value consumables under SPD mode.Methods:From August 2018 to August 2019,the management mode of the secondary warehouse management system of medical low value consumables was selected.According to the management method,it can be divided into the observation group and the control group.The relevant data of the observation group was based on SPD mode,and the data of the control group was based on the traditional mode.According to the improvement of the two groups of data management effect,data integration and analysis are carried out to judge the effectiveness of the SPD mode of medical low value consumables secondary warehouse management system and its working mode.Results:During the analysis of the two groups of data,the relevant data were analyzed.The data validity of the observation group was higher(94.0%),and the differences of the limitations and problems in the management process had more advantages,while the relevant data corresponding to the two groups of data had significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:According to the current research results,Based on the collection,storage and central management of data electronic medical record information,the secondary warehouse management system of medical low value consumables under SPD mode is connected with clinical information system and management information system,which realizes the unification,resource integration and efficient operation of different business systems in the hospital,so as to help improve the quality and efficiency of medical care,prevent and reduce medical errors,Control and reduce medical expenses.展开更多
本文借鉴复合型电商平台的运营现实,以FBP(fulfilled by POP),即商家进驻电商平台后将产品运入平台仓库,商家负责产品销售,平台负责发货和售后,及SOP(sale on POP),即电商平台只提供一个销售平台,商家自主运营、发货、售后两种进驻模式...本文借鉴复合型电商平台的运营现实,以FBP(fulfilled by POP),即商家进驻电商平台后将产品运入平台仓库,商家负责产品销售,平台负责发货和售后,及SOP(sale on POP),即电商平台只提供一个销售平台,商家自主运营、发货、售后两种进驻模式商家和平台的竞合为参考,分别构建了平台自营或FBP模式、自营+FBP模式、自营+FBP+SOP模式下的在线渠道竞争模型。通过构建价格和服务同时影响消费者选择的效用函数,综合采用博弈论和最优化方法来确定不同模式下的参与者定价和服务决策,并借助算例分析进行深入研究。结果表明;无论何种模式,自己提供服务的商家和平台最优收益的实现都会受众多条件的影响,将服务交由平台提供的商家反而总能实现最优;进驻模式中参与者数量的增加会降低在线渠道的服务水平,但对于提高总的市场需求具有正向作用。此外,尽管自营或FBP模式能够为平台或FBP商家带来更大收益,但当消费者对FBP商家产品偏好较小,自营+FBP模式能够为在线渠道带来较自营模式更多的整体收益。展开更多
By establishing the VEC model, the relationship between Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI) is explored by using Johansen cointegration test and impulse response function. The results show that t...By establishing the VEC model, the relationship between Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI) is explored by using Johansen cointegration test and impulse response function. The results show that there is a long-term equilibrium cointegration relationship between CPI and PPI. CPI has a certain impact on PPI. PPI also has a certain impact on CPI. PPI has a great impact on itself both in the long-term and short-term. The current CPI will be adversely affected by the previous CPI and the positive impact of the previous PPI. The current PPI will be positively affected by the previous phase of CPI and the previous phase of PPI.展开更多
基金the Special Project of the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)“Open Development of China’s Trade and Investment:Basic Patterns,Overall Effects,and the Dual Circulations Paradigm”(Grant No.72141309)NSFC General Project“GVC Restructuring Effect of Emergent Public Health Incidents:Based on the General Equilibrium Model Approach of the Production Networks Structure”(Grant No.72073142)+1 种基金NSFC General Project“China’s Industrialization Towards Mid-and High-End Value Chains:Theoretical Implications,Measurement and Analysis”(Grant No.71873142)the Youth project of The National Social Science Fund of China“Research on the green and low-carbon development path and policy optimization of China’s foreign trade under the goal of‘dual carbon’”(Grant No.22CJY019).
文摘Productivity and international energy price shocks are reflected in PPI and CPI via industrial chains.China’s in-depth participation into the global value chains has increasingly lengthened its industrial production chains.The question is how the changing length of production chains will affect CPI and PPI,as well as CPI-PPI correlation?By constructing a global input-output price model,this paper offers a theoretical discussion on the impact of production chain length on the CPI-PPI divergence.Our findings suggest that the price shock of international bulk commodities has a greater impact on China’s PPI than that on CPI.The effects on both China’s PPI and CPI estimated by using the single-country input-output model are higher than the results estimated with the global input-output model.However,the difference between CPI and PPI variations estimated with the global input-output model is greater than the result estimated with the single-country input-output model,which supports the view that the lengthening of production chains,especially international production chains,leads to a divergence between CPI and PPI.Empirical results based on cross-national panel data also suggest that the lengthening of production chains has reduced the CPI-PPI correlation for countries,i.e.the lengthening of production chains has increased the PPI-CPI divergence.That is to say,policymakers should target not just CPI in maintaining price stability,but instead focus on the stability of both PPI and CPI.Efforts can be made to proactively adjust the price index system,and formulate the industrial chain price index.
文摘The Chinese masters of the seventeenth century inspire luxury brand Chanel Some brands like Chanel continually put on the market products that carry an element of dream: an
文摘Objective:To study the secondary warehouse management system and operation mode of medical low value consumables under SPD mode.Methods:From August 2018 to August 2019,the management mode of the secondary warehouse management system of medical low value consumables was selected.According to the management method,it can be divided into the observation group and the control group.The relevant data of the observation group was based on SPD mode,and the data of the control group was based on the traditional mode.According to the improvement of the two groups of data management effect,data integration and analysis are carried out to judge the effectiveness of the SPD mode of medical low value consumables secondary warehouse management system and its working mode.Results:During the analysis of the two groups of data,the relevant data were analyzed.The data validity of the observation group was higher(94.0%),and the differences of the limitations and problems in the management process had more advantages,while the relevant data corresponding to the two groups of data had significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:According to the current research results,Based on the collection,storage and central management of data electronic medical record information,the secondary warehouse management system of medical low value consumables under SPD mode is connected with clinical information system and management information system,which realizes the unification,resource integration and efficient operation of different business systems in the hospital,so as to help improve the quality and efficiency of medical care,prevent and reduce medical errors,Control and reduce medical expenses.
文摘本文借鉴复合型电商平台的运营现实,以FBP(fulfilled by POP),即商家进驻电商平台后将产品运入平台仓库,商家负责产品销售,平台负责发货和售后,及SOP(sale on POP),即电商平台只提供一个销售平台,商家自主运营、发货、售后两种进驻模式商家和平台的竞合为参考,分别构建了平台自营或FBP模式、自营+FBP模式、自营+FBP+SOP模式下的在线渠道竞争模型。通过构建价格和服务同时影响消费者选择的效用函数,综合采用博弈论和最优化方法来确定不同模式下的参与者定价和服务决策,并借助算例分析进行深入研究。结果表明;无论何种模式,自己提供服务的商家和平台最优收益的实现都会受众多条件的影响,将服务交由平台提供的商家反而总能实现最优;进驻模式中参与者数量的增加会降低在线渠道的服务水平,但对于提高总的市场需求具有正向作用。此外,尽管自营或FBP模式能够为平台或FBP商家带来更大收益,但当消费者对FBP商家产品偏好较小,自营+FBP模式能够为在线渠道带来较自营模式更多的整体收益。
文摘By establishing the VEC model, the relationship between Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI) is explored by using Johansen cointegration test and impulse response function. The results show that there is a long-term equilibrium cointegration relationship between CPI and PPI. CPI has a certain impact on PPI. PPI also has a certain impact on CPI. PPI has a great impact on itself both in the long-term and short-term. The current CPI will be adversely affected by the previous CPI and the positive impact of the previous PPI. The current PPI will be positively affected by the previous phase of CPI and the previous phase of PPI.
