The Mn-Ce-Fe mixed oxide(MCFe)was prepared by co-precipitation and the catalytic performance was tested by using 1,2-dichlorobenzene(1,2-DCB)and furan as model molecules of PCDD/F.The effect of O_(2)concentration,SO_(...The Mn-Ce-Fe mixed oxide(MCFe)was prepared by co-precipitation and the catalytic performance was tested by using 1,2-dichlorobenzene(1,2-DCB)and furan as model molecules of PCDD/F.The effect of O_(2)concentration,SO_(2) and NO on the catalytic activity was studied.At 270℃,the MCFe oxide catalyst presents significant simultaneous removal efficiency of 75.25%and 100%for 1,2-DCB and furan,respectively.Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)method(BET),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),H_2-temperature programmed reduction(H_(2)-TPR),NH_(3)-temperature programmed desorption(NH_3-TPD)and O_(2)-TPD were used to characterize the catalysts before and after the reaction.Competition tests suggest that the oxidation behavior of furan occurred prior to that of 1,2-DCB.According to the intermediate products detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),the by-products include chlorinated hydrocarbons,long-chain hydrocarbons,ketone,etc.Possible catalytic oxidation reaction paths are proposed.展开更多
This paper presents the development and application of a production data analysis software that can analyze and forecast the production performance and reservoir properties of shale gas wells.The theories used in the ...This paper presents the development and application of a production data analysis software that can analyze and forecast the production performance and reservoir properties of shale gas wells.The theories used in the study were based on the analytical and empirical approaches.Its reliability has been confirmed through comparisons with a commercial software.Using transient data relating to multi-stage hydraulic fractured horizontal wells,it was confirmed that the accuracy of the modified hyperbolic method showed an error of approximately 4%compared to the actual estimated ultimate recovery(EUR).On the basis of the developed model,reliable productivity forecasts have been obtained by analyzing field production data relating to wells in Canada.The EUR was computed as 9.6 Bcf using the modified hyperbolic method.Employing the Pow Law Exponential method,the EUR would be 9.4 Bcf.The models developed in this study will allow in the future integration of new analytical and empirical theories in a relatively readily than commercial models.展开更多
Although mining production depends on various equipments, significant amount of production loss can be attributed a specific equipment or fleet. Bottleneck is defined not only by production loss but also by our satisf...Although mining production depends on various equipments, significant amount of production loss can be attributed a specific equipment or fleet. Bottleneck is defined not only by production loss but also by our satisfaction from the equipment. The user satisfaction could be measured as machine effectiveness.Mining literatures on performance improvement and optimization of equipment operations assert importance of availability, utilization and production performance as key parameters. These three parameters are useful for evaluating effectiveness of equipment. Mine production index(MPI), which can represent the effect of these factors, has been applied for continuous operation in mining. MPI uses Fuzzy Delphi Analytical Hierarchy Process to determine importance of each three parameter for individual equipment. A case study in a Swedish open pit mine was done to evaluate the field application of MPI.The results reveal that crusher is the bottleneck equipment in studied mine. As a methodical approach,an algorithm which uses MPI and detects bottleneck in continuous mining operation has been proposed.展开更多
One of the important indicators of shale gas reservoir excavation is capacity evaluation,which directly affects whether large-scale shale gas reservoirs can be excavated.Capacity evaluation is the basis of system anal...One of the important indicators of shale gas reservoir excavation is capacity evaluation,which directly affects whether large-scale shale gas reservoirs can be excavated.Capacity evaluation is the basis of system analysis and dynamic prediction.Therefore,it is particularly important to conduct capacity evaluation studies on shale gas horizontal wells.In order to accurately evaluate the horizontal well productivity of shale gas staged fracturing,this paper uses a new method to evaluate the productivity of Fuling shale gas.The new method is aimed at the dynamic difference of horizontal wells and effectively analyzes the massive data,which are factors affecting the productivity of shale gas horizontal wells.According to the pressure system,production dynamic characteristics,well trajectory position,fracturing transformation mode and penetration depth,32 wells were divided into four types.Then,based on the classification,the principal component analysis methods can be used to evaluate the horizontal well productivity of shale gas.The new method of capacity evaluation has improved the accuracy by 10.25%compared with the traditional method,which provides a theoretical basis for guiding the efficient development of the horizontal wells of Fuling shale gas.展开更多
From a time value of revenue point of view,it is preferred that the time between reservoir stimulation and oil production response is small.Heavy oil combustion processes have a lag time between air injection and liqu...From a time value of revenue point of view,it is preferred that the time between reservoir stimulation and oil production response is small.Heavy oil combustion processes have a lag time between air injection and liquid production,but the common practice in production data analysis uses simultaneous injection and production data when seeking a relationship between them.In this research,the time scales of production for the Kerrobert toe-to-heel air injection(THAI)heavy oil project in Saskatchewan,Canada,is analyzed by using cross correlation analysis,i.e.time delay analysis between air injection and oil production.The results reveal two time scales with respect to production response with two distinctive recovery mechanisms:(1)a short time scale response(nearly instantaneous)where oil production peaks right after air injection(directly after opening production well)reflecting cold heavy oil production mechanisms,and(2)a longer time scale(of order of 100-300 days)response where peak production occurs associated with the collective phenomena of air injection,heat generating reactions,heat transfer,and finally,heated mobilized heavy oil drainage to the production well.This understanding of the two time scales and associated production mechanisms provides a basis for improving the performance of THAI.展开更多
In recent years,many trials have been made to use the Rate Transient Analysis(RTA)techniques as a method to describe the gas condensate reservoirs.The problem with using these techniques is the multi-phase behavior of...In recent years,many trials have been made to use the Rate Transient Analysis(RTA)techniques as a method to describe the gas condensate reservoirs.The problem with using these techniques is the multi-phase behavior of the gas condensate reservoirs.Therefore,the Pressure Transient Analysis(PTA)is commonly used in this case to analyze the reservoir parameters.In this paper,we are going to compare the results of both PTA and RTA of three wells in gas condensate reservoirs.The comparison showed a great match between the results of the two mentioned techniques for the first time using a reference GOR of 75,000 SCF/STB.Therefore,we concluded that we could depend on RTA instead of PTA to spare the cost associated with the PTA in the gas condensate reservoirs.展开更多
Decomposition analysis has been widely used to assess the determinants of energy and CO_(2)emissions in academic research and policy studies.Both the methodology and application of decomposition analysis have been lar...Decomposition analysis has been widely used to assess the determinants of energy and CO_(2)emissions in academic research and policy studies.Both the methodology and application of decomposition analysis have been largely improved in the past decades.After more than 50 years’developments,decomposition studies have become increasingly sophisticated and diversified,and tend to converge internally and integrate with other analytical approaches externally.A good understanding of the literature and state of the art is critical to identify knowledge gaps and formulate future research agenda.To this end,this study presents a literature survey for decomposition analysis applied to energy and emission issues,with a focus on the period of 2016–2021.A review for three individual decomposition techniques is first conducted,followed by a synthesis of emerging trends and features for the decomposition analysis literature as a whole.The findings are expected to direct future research in decomposition analysis.展开更多
In February, the auto production and sales amounted to 170,000 units, higher than the same period of last years. It was an important cause that most manufactures had a good production beginning. In February, 178,000 u...In February, the auto production and sales amounted to 170,000 units, higher than the same period of last years. It was an important cause that most manufactures had a good production beginning. In February, 178,000 units of automobiles were produced, 26.73% up over last month. The accumulated production of February amounted to 319,600 units, rose by 27.20% up over the same period of last year. Because ’the China Automobile, Civil retrofitted vehicle, motorcycle manufactures and their production catalog’ was emended, the above data included some new enterprises’ production. Removed this factor, the展开更多
The accumulated automobile production and sales rose by 23.26% and 25.72% respectively over the same period of last year. In March, 233,117 units of auto were turned out, 30.90% up over last month. The accumulated pro...The accumulated automobile production and sales rose by 23.26% and 25.72% respectively over the same period of last year. In March, 233,117 units of auto were turned out, 30.90% up over last month. The accumulated production of January^March was 550,993 units. It is remarkable that the acc(?)mulated production of cars, trucks, and buses all increased at high speed, 19.03%, 22.98%, and 26.94% up over the same period of last year respectively.展开更多
In January, 137,303 units of automobiles were turned out, 2.93% down over the last January. The productions of cars and buses were 9.39% and 6.32% up over the last January with the volumes of 40,814 and 52,365 units. ...In January, 137,303 units of automobiles were turned out, 2.93% down over the last January. The productions of cars and buses were 9.39% and 6.32% up over the last January with the volumes of 40,814 and 52,365 units. But the productions of cars and buses were 26.41% and 8.78% down over last month. While the figure for trucks in January was 6.40% down and 36.35% down over the same period of last year and last month respectively with the output of 44,124 units. The auto sales in January amounted to 121,103 units, 4.20% down over the same period of last year. Especially the sales were 43.83%展开更多
Compared with last month, April is the golden time for auto industry. In April, auto production and sales rose by a wide margin over the same period of last year. Information from the CAAM shows that in April 236,048 ...Compared with last month, April is the golden time for auto industry. In April, auto production and sales rose by a wide margin over the same period of last year. Information from the CAAM shows that in April 236,048 automobiles rolled of the production line, 30.90% up over the last month. According to the relevant statistics, the accumulated production (of January to April, the same below) was 787。展开更多
China is the world’s largest producer of copper processing products as well as the world’s largest copper consumer market.In 2013,China produced more than 13.60 million tons of copper processing products,accounting ...China is the world’s largest producer of copper processing products as well as the world’s largest copper consumer market.In 2013,China produced more than 13.60 million tons of copper processing products,accounting for60%of the world’s total production.Since then,this proportion has expanded year by year,and will increase to about 66.7%in 2016.Meanwhile,China consumed nearly 11展开更多
Textile industry, a major driver of the Chinese economy, has fallen victim to the global credit crisis and weaker demand. In the first two months, the output, sale, investment and export of textile industry grew at a ...Textile industry, a major driver of the Chinese economy, has fallen victim to the global credit crisis and weaker demand. In the first two months, the output, sale, investment and export of textile industry grew at a slower pace than last year. But things began to pick up after that as the economy slowly begins to recover since March. Signif icant gains at that time will be hard to come by, and won’t be nearly enough to prevent other sizeable slippage in overall textile and apparel activity.展开更多
In 1998, China encountered difficulties in economy which had seldom occurred since the reform and open-ing-up. The national economy increased by 7.8% in GDP, a decline of 1% over 1997. Under such a eco-nomical circums...In 1998, China encountered difficulties in economy which had seldom occurred since the reform and open-ing-up. The national economy increased by 7.8% in GDP, a decline of 1% over 1997. Under such a eco-nomical circumstance, China auto industry witnessed characteristics differing from those of previous years which are described as below: 1. Production and sales growth from moderate展开更多
Due to the seven-day-holiday and the state policy on relaxing the control over the price of cars, the production and sales in May had a correction, nearly 16% down.
基金Project supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ23E060002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51976192)。
文摘The Mn-Ce-Fe mixed oxide(MCFe)was prepared by co-precipitation and the catalytic performance was tested by using 1,2-dichlorobenzene(1,2-DCB)and furan as model molecules of PCDD/F.The effect of O_(2)concentration,SO_(2) and NO on the catalytic activity was studied.At 270℃,the MCFe oxide catalyst presents significant simultaneous removal efficiency of 75.25%and 100%for 1,2-DCB and furan,respectively.Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)method(BET),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),H_2-temperature programmed reduction(H_(2)-TPR),NH_(3)-temperature programmed desorption(NH_3-TPD)and O_(2)-TPD were used to characterize the catalysts before and after the reaction.Competition tests suggest that the oxidation behavior of furan occurred prior to that of 1,2-DCB.According to the intermediate products detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),the by-products include chlorinated hydrocarbons,long-chain hydrocarbons,ketone,etc.Possible catalytic oxidation reaction paths are proposed.
基金supported by the Energy Efficiency&Resources Core Technology Program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)granted financial resource from the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy,Republic of Korea(No.20172510102090).
文摘This paper presents the development and application of a production data analysis software that can analyze and forecast the production performance and reservoir properties of shale gas wells.The theories used in the study were based on the analytical and empirical approaches.Its reliability has been confirmed through comparisons with a commercial software.Using transient data relating to multi-stage hydraulic fractured horizontal wells,it was confirmed that the accuracy of the modified hyperbolic method showed an error of approximately 4%compared to the actual estimated ultimate recovery(EUR).On the basis of the developed model,reliable productivity forecasts have been obtained by analyzing field production data relating to wells in Canada.The EUR was computed as 9.6 Bcf using the modified hyperbolic method.Employing the Pow Law Exponential method,the EUR would be 9.4 Bcf.The models developed in this study will allow in the future integration of new analytical and empirical theories in a relatively readily than commercial models.
文摘Although mining production depends on various equipments, significant amount of production loss can be attributed a specific equipment or fleet. Bottleneck is defined not only by production loss but also by our satisfaction from the equipment. The user satisfaction could be measured as machine effectiveness.Mining literatures on performance improvement and optimization of equipment operations assert importance of availability, utilization and production performance as key parameters. These three parameters are useful for evaluating effectiveness of equipment. Mine production index(MPI), which can represent the effect of these factors, has been applied for continuous operation in mining. MPI uses Fuzzy Delphi Analytical Hierarchy Process to determine importance of each three parameter for individual equipment. A case study in a Swedish open pit mine was done to evaluate the field application of MPI.The results reveal that crusher is the bottleneck equipment in studied mine. As a methodical approach,an algorithm which uses MPI and detects bottleneck in continuous mining operation has been proposed.
文摘One of the important indicators of shale gas reservoir excavation is capacity evaluation,which directly affects whether large-scale shale gas reservoirs can be excavated.Capacity evaluation is the basis of system analysis and dynamic prediction.Therefore,it is particularly important to conduct capacity evaluation studies on shale gas horizontal wells.In order to accurately evaluate the horizontal well productivity of shale gas staged fracturing,this paper uses a new method to evaluate the productivity of Fuling shale gas.The new method is aimed at the dynamic difference of horizontal wells and effectively analyzes the massive data,which are factors affecting the productivity of shale gas horizontal wells.According to the pressure system,production dynamic characteristics,well trajectory position,fracturing transformation mode and penetration depth,32 wells were divided into four types.Then,based on the classification,the principal component analysis methods can be used to evaluate the horizontal well productivity of shale gas.The new method of capacity evaluation has improved the accuracy by 10.25%compared with the traditional method,which provides a theoretical basis for guiding the efficient development of the horizontal wells of Fuling shale gas.
基金support from the Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering at the University of Calgary,the University of Calgary’s Canada First Research Excellence Fund program(the Global Research Initiative for Sustainable Low-Carbon Unconventional Resources)
文摘From a time value of revenue point of view,it is preferred that the time between reservoir stimulation and oil production response is small.Heavy oil combustion processes have a lag time between air injection and liquid production,but the common practice in production data analysis uses simultaneous injection and production data when seeking a relationship between them.In this research,the time scales of production for the Kerrobert toe-to-heel air injection(THAI)heavy oil project in Saskatchewan,Canada,is analyzed by using cross correlation analysis,i.e.time delay analysis between air injection and oil production.The results reveal two time scales with respect to production response with two distinctive recovery mechanisms:(1)a short time scale response(nearly instantaneous)where oil production peaks right after air injection(directly after opening production well)reflecting cold heavy oil production mechanisms,and(2)a longer time scale(of order of 100-300 days)response where peak production occurs associated with the collective phenomena of air injection,heat generating reactions,heat transfer,and finally,heated mobilized heavy oil drainage to the production well.This understanding of the two time scales and associated production mechanisms provides a basis for improving the performance of THAI.
文摘In recent years,many trials have been made to use the Rate Transient Analysis(RTA)techniques as a method to describe the gas condensate reservoirs.The problem with using these techniques is the multi-phase behavior of the gas condensate reservoirs.Therefore,the Pressure Transient Analysis(PTA)is commonly used in this case to analyze the reservoir parameters.In this paper,we are going to compare the results of both PTA and RTA of three wells in gas condensate reservoirs.The comparison showed a great match between the results of the two mentioned techniques for the first time using a reference GOR of 75,000 SCF/STB.Therefore,we concluded that we could depend on RTA instead of PTA to spare the cost associated with the PTA in the gas condensate reservoirs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.72222020,72173134,71934007 and 71804189)the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22&ZD106).
文摘Decomposition analysis has been widely used to assess the determinants of energy and CO_(2)emissions in academic research and policy studies.Both the methodology and application of decomposition analysis have been largely improved in the past decades.After more than 50 years’developments,decomposition studies have become increasingly sophisticated and diversified,and tend to converge internally and integrate with other analytical approaches externally.A good understanding of the literature and state of the art is critical to identify knowledge gaps and formulate future research agenda.To this end,this study presents a literature survey for decomposition analysis applied to energy and emission issues,with a focus on the period of 2016–2021.A review for three individual decomposition techniques is first conducted,followed by a synthesis of emerging trends and features for the decomposition analysis literature as a whole.The findings are expected to direct future research in decomposition analysis.
文摘In February, the auto production and sales amounted to 170,000 units, higher than the same period of last years. It was an important cause that most manufactures had a good production beginning. In February, 178,000 units of automobiles were produced, 26.73% up over last month. The accumulated production of February amounted to 319,600 units, rose by 27.20% up over the same period of last year. Because ’the China Automobile, Civil retrofitted vehicle, motorcycle manufactures and their production catalog’ was emended, the above data included some new enterprises’ production. Removed this factor, the
文摘The accumulated automobile production and sales rose by 23.26% and 25.72% respectively over the same period of last year. In March, 233,117 units of auto were turned out, 30.90% up over last month. The accumulated production of January^March was 550,993 units. It is remarkable that the acc(?)mulated production of cars, trucks, and buses all increased at high speed, 19.03%, 22.98%, and 26.94% up over the same period of last year respectively.
文摘In January, 137,303 units of automobiles were turned out, 2.93% down over the last January. The productions of cars and buses were 9.39% and 6.32% up over the last January with the volumes of 40,814 and 52,365 units. But the productions of cars and buses were 26.41% and 8.78% down over last month. While the figure for trucks in January was 6.40% down and 36.35% down over the same period of last year and last month respectively with the output of 44,124 units. The auto sales in January amounted to 121,103 units, 4.20% down over the same period of last year. Especially the sales were 43.83%
文摘Compared with last month, April is the golden time for auto industry. In April, auto production and sales rose by a wide margin over the same period of last year. Information from the CAAM shows that in April 236,048 automobiles rolled of the production line, 30.90% up over the last month. According to the relevant statistics, the accumulated production (of January to April, the same below) was 787。
文摘China is the world’s largest producer of copper processing products as well as the world’s largest copper consumer market.In 2013,China produced more than 13.60 million tons of copper processing products,accounting for60%of the world’s total production.Since then,this proportion has expanded year by year,and will increase to about 66.7%in 2016.Meanwhile,China consumed nearly 11
文摘Textile industry, a major driver of the Chinese economy, has fallen victim to the global credit crisis and weaker demand. In the first two months, the output, sale, investment and export of textile industry grew at a slower pace than last year. But things began to pick up after that as the economy slowly begins to recover since March. Signif icant gains at that time will be hard to come by, and won’t be nearly enough to prevent other sizeable slippage in overall textile and apparel activity.
文摘In 1998, China encountered difficulties in economy which had seldom occurred since the reform and open-ing-up. The national economy increased by 7.8% in GDP, a decline of 1% over 1997. Under such a eco-nomical circumstance, China auto industry witnessed characteristics differing from those of previous years which are described as below: 1. Production and sales growth from moderate
文摘Due to the seven-day-holiday and the state policy on relaxing the control over the price of cars, the production and sales in May had a correction, nearly 16% down.