LIFE CYCLE AND PRODUCTION OF CHIRONOMIDAE(DIPTERA) IN BIANDANTANG, A TYPICAL MACROPHYTIC LAKE (HUBEI, CHINA)

The life cycle and annual production of four dominant species of Chironomids ( Chironomus plumosus, Chironomus sp., Clinotanypus sp., Tokunagayusurika akamusi) were studied with samples taken monthly in Biandantang Lake at eight stations from April, 1996 to March, 1997. Instar frequency data showed C. plumosus was univoltine, while the other three were bivoltine. Production in wet weight (g/(m 2·a)) calculated by the size frequency method for each species were: C. plumosus, 2.663 ; Chironomus sp.,1.161 ;Clinotanypus sp., 0.270; T. akamusi , 1.476. Based on the mean standing stock, their P/B ratios were 3.2, 4.0, 6.2 and 4.4, respectively.

Life cycle assessment of oxygen-18 production using cryogenic oxygen distillation

In this study, life cycle assessment of oxygen-18 by using cryogenic distillation of oxygen is performed using SimaPro 8.3 software. Life cycle assessment is performed to understand the environmental profile and hotspots of this process in order to be used in design and development. Simulation of oxygen-18 process is executed by Hysys software, and the required inputs and outputs for inventory of life cycle were acquired. By doing life cycle assessment and considering achieved results after characterization and normalization of inventory data it has been investigated that in the majority of environmental impacts electricity consumption has a huge contribution relative to other parts of the system like liquefied oxygen production from air separation unit,required facilities for air separation and oxygen-18 units, and needed transportation. Also, among 17 impact categories investigated in ReCiPe impact assessment method, fossil depletion, climate change(human health),particulate matter formation, climate change(ecosystem), human toxicity, and metal depletion have the most contribution in entire environmental loads respectively. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis showed that changing life cycle impact assessment method from ReCiPe to IMPACT 2002+ has no significant effect on acquired results and results are confident. In addition, assumption of market for depleted oxygen from heavy isotopes which is withdrawn from top of distillation columns showed some positive effects compared to first case and environmental impacts resulted from liquefied oxygen production(feed) reduced but because of huge contribution of electricity consumption compared to other sections, this positive effect has no remarkable influence on entire environmental loads of product system.

A Study of the Bullwhip Effect for Short Life Cycle Products in Supply Chain Management

Shorter product life cycles present new dressed in supply chain literature. This research challenges to managing production and logistics not adequately adaddresses issues pertaining to the management of supply chains in a short life cycle environment. In this paper, we study the short life cycle environment; then we develop the ventory policy of the indirect manufacturer by explicitly using his demand us an output of the retailer＇s optimal inoptimal ordering policy. Finally, we also provide causes of the bullwhip effect in the context of short life cycle products.

Life cycle assessment of mobile phone housing

The life cycle assessment of the mobile phone housing in Motorola(China) Electronics Ltd. was carried out, in which materials flows and environmental emissions based on a basic production scheme were analyzed and assessed. In the manufacturing stage, such primary processes as polycarbonate molding and surface painting are included, whereas different surface finishing technologies like normal painting, electroplate, IMD and VDM etc. were assessed. The results showed that housing decoration plays a significant role within the housing life cycle. The most significant environmental impact from housing production is the photochemical ozone formation potential. Environmental impacts of different decoration techniques varied widely, for example, the electroplating technique is more environmentally friendly than VDM. VDM consumes much more energy and raw material. In addition, the results of two alternative scenarios of dematerialization showed that material flow analysis and assessment is very important and valuable in selecting an environmentally friendly process.

The study of the life cycle of technology assessment model

The life cycle of technology is one of the most important indexes to weigh up the risk of the investment to neo tech.There are so many uncertainties because it is conditioned by a lot of factors,we can not make a rational forecasting by traditional assessment method.So this paper gives a comprehensive consideration to the factors that influence production and makes some modification to production function, and establishes the life cycle of technology assessmet model by the method of fuzzy mathematics. So it quantifies the risk of investment.We can take it as one foundational index for the decision making of the investment.

The study of metal cycles in China

A model of Fe-flow in the life cycle of steel product was put forward and analyzed. Three important resource and environmental indicators for Fe-flow analysis,that is,steel scrap index,iron ore index and iron loss index were derived from this model. Illustrative examples,demonstrating the influence of the variation of steel output on steel scrap index and iron ore index were given. Case studies for estimating the values of steel scrap index of Japan,China and USA in the period of 1988-1997 were carried out. It was clarified that the main reason of severe deficiency in steel scraps for China's steel industry was its continued rapid growth. The study of iron,copper,zinc and lead cycle in China was carried out successfully according to this model.

生命周期评价方法在印染产品环境影响分析中的应用

印染行业由于具有高水耗、高能耗和高污染的特性,成为全球范围内环境管理和可持续发展议程的重点行业。随着环境保护意识的增强和可持续发展需求的提升,生命周期评价方法可以评估产品从原材料获取、生产、使用到废弃全过程的环境影响,识别重点环境影响区域,提出相应的改进措施。在印染产品的环境影响中应用生命周期评价方法,可以通过详细的案例分析,定义目标和范围,执行生命周期清单分析,进行生命周期影响评估,并对结果进行解释。基于生命周期提出优化策略,可以为印染行业的环境影响减缓提供理论基础。

数字革命周期下新质生产力培育的机制和路径

新质生产力是数字革命下生产力现代化转型和跃升的最新体现。在新一轮数字革命的关键时点探讨新质生产力培育的机制和路径,要顺应数字革命迭代演变的规律,构建“技术—产业—生态”的新分析范式。数字革命会经历技术导入、融入渗透以及生态构建三个时期,首先以颠覆式数字创新形成技术创新簇群,为新质生产力培育注入新动能;其次以新兴数字产业和传统产业深度互动,为新质生产力培育提供支撑;最后以算网协同的基础设施体系,为新质生产力培育提供生态平台。在数字革命不同时期构建新型生产关系,一是要完善新型举国体制,提升国家创新体系整体效能;二是要转变产业政策导向,实现从“选择性”向“功能性”转型;三是要加快国家治理体系的数字化变革,形成多元协同的数字治理新格局。

生命周期评价在钢铁行业的应用及研究进展

钢铁行业是传统意义上的高能耗和高污染物排放行业。由于生命周期评价(LCA)可以很好地量化其潜在环境影响,找到更有效的清洁生产路径,在推动钢铁行业的绿色化、低碳化和高质量发展中得到了广阔应用。本文通过国内外文献回顾和统计分析,重点论述了LCA在钢铁行业以下3个方面的应用及研究进展:1)评估钢铁企业/钢铁产品在从原材料采掘开始到生产出厂过程中的环境影响,寻找企业/产品节能减排机会;2)评估清洁生产改进技术或方案的环境效应,为钢铁行业提升清洁生产水平提供决策依据;3)评估其作为“中间产品”对下游行业的环境影响贡献,促进全产业链的可持续发展。最后,提出了未来研究关注的3个重要方向,旨在进一步推动LCA在钢铁行业的研究和应用。

面向产品全生命周期管理的知识模型构建

为有效地描述产品全生命周期管理各阶段产生的无组织散乱状态的数据以及数据之间的联系,论文提出了一种基于知识图谱的产品全生命周期数据建模方法。该方法有效地解决了系统数据模型重复存储以及模型间关联性缺失的问题。同时,为提高数据建模效率,论文提出了融合图神经网络和基于注意力机制的LSTM的算法模型以实现数据自动建模。为验证算法模型的有效性,基于产品数据集进行了算法性能对比实验。结果表明,论文算法相较于其他算法具有更好的性能指标,可以应用于产品全生命周期管理(Product Lifecycle Management,PLM)系统自动构建知识模型。

基于生命周期法的生鲜农产品冷链物流绿色度评价

随着国家节能减排政策的深入,生鲜冷链作为能耗较高的物流产业,其绿色性引起了人们的重视。文章基于生鲜农产品冷链物流的全生命周期分析其各阶段的绿色性,以各阶段碳排放量和资源利用率为指标建立绿色度评价体系,并以番茄为例,基于生命周期法的计算数值,采用熵权法进行权重计算,进而用灰色关联度法进行绿色度评价。评价结果表明,生鲜农产品运输过程的损耗是对绿色度影响最大的因素,其次是车辆的能源利用率和货物的实载率。另外,水路运输的碳排放量远低于公路运输,但受限于地理条件和运输时间。针对评价结果,给出了提高生鲜农产品冷链物流绿色度的建议,为减少碳排放量提供了改进方向。

深圳推广实施UDI促“三医联动”新发展的实践思考

自2019年以来,医疗器械唯一标识(UDI)推广应用工作正在全国范围内分阶段、分步骤实施。深圳市先行先试,严格按照国家和省市相关政策要求落实相关工作,在UDI政策、标准、技术和应用等多个层面进行了探索,以标准先行、行业宣贯、企业培训、平台应用全方位建设医疗器械追溯体系,UDI的推广实施已取得实质性成效。深圳市形成“一个平台支撑,两个端口发力,三个部门联动,四个标准指引”的工作模式,搭建全省首个UDI追溯平台并于2021年10月14日正式上线启用,以UDI编码为关键信息,采集医疗器械的生产、流通和临床使用信息,为落地实施UDI工作提供技术支撑、精准监管和智慧监管。该平台现已通过数据接口等方式采集了来自深圳400余家制造商的8万多种产品(UDI-DIs),深圳30余家甲级三级医院的100余万条临床患者使用信息。目前,深圳市正以UDI追溯平台作为推动UDI实施工作的实际“抓手”,有序扩大UDI实施企业范围,增加医疗机构试点,丰富数据对接方式。本研究总结了深圳市UDI推广实施过程中遇到的挑战以及应对策略和方法,梳理了深圳市推广UDI实施的成效做法,旨在以推广UDI工作为契机,形成推动“三医联动”应用示范效应和可复制的经验总结,为全面实现深圳市医疗器械全生命周期精准追溯和深圳市医疗器械产业高质量发展贡献力量。

木竹产品碳足迹评价研究进展

气候变化是全球治理的一个重要方面,评估人类活动引起的温室气体排放量是应对气候变化的基础性工作,受到世界各国政府、科研机构和企业广泛关注。随着我国“碳达峰”“碳中和”(简称“双碳”)目标的提出以及相关政策的落地实施,碳足迹作为温室气体排放测度指标,其重要性日益凸显。开展木竹产品碳足迹评价是我国木竹加工企业落实国家“双碳”目标的核心工作,对木竹产业低碳高质量发展亦具有重要意义。本文全面分析锯材、改性材、人造板及其制品、结构用集成材和胶合木等主要木竹产品碳足迹评价的研究现状,以及碳足迹评价方法的研究进展。目前,生命周期评价法是国际主流的碳足迹评价方法,依据的标准主要为ISO/TS 14067、GHG Protocol和PAS 2050;在木竹产品中储存的生物碳及其延迟碳排放效应的评估方法,以及计入产品碳足迹评价结果的形式等方面尚未形成国际共识;因不同国家木竹加工技术水平和能源结构有所不同,同一类别产品碳足迹差异显著。此外,不同科研人员采用的评价标准和研究假设等各异,导致同一产品碳足迹评价结果可比性不强。未来应:1)研制木竹产品延迟碳排放效应的评估方法,科学量化木竹产品对应对气候变化的积极贡献;2)制定适于木竹产品碳足迹评价国际统一的产品种类规则,进一步增强碳足迹核算结果的可比性,推动木竹产品碳足迹评价结果国际互认;3)建立木竹产品全生命周期回溯跟踪体系,助力木竹产品全生命周期碳足迹评价工作的顺利开展;4)构建契合我国木竹产业特点全国统一的碳排放因子数据库,为准确计量木竹产品碳足迹提供数据支撑。

考虑PLC和市场结构的实物期权投资决策

应用实物期权方法探讨投资决策问题,提出了一种同时考虑产品生命周期和市场结构的分析模型。研究表明,不确定程度越大、产品生命周期越长、企业垄断力越强、折现率越低则实物期权价值和投资临界值越高,导致最佳投资点延迟。

生命周期评价方法在医药领域的应用现状与研究进展

生命周期评价(life cycle assessment,LCA)方法可以系统识别和评估不同产品与工艺之间的环境问题,确定污染物排放量并最大限度地减少产品和工艺过程中的环境影响。相比于基础大宗化工产品,医药化学品及中间体通常比较复杂,所带来的环境影响更大,通过生命周期评价可以量化分析医药领域中产品全生命周期过程造成的潜在环境影响,以支持医药领域“双碳”目标发展。本文简述了生命周期评价方法的四个步骤:目的和范围的确定,生命周期清单分析,生命周期影响评价和生命周期解释。并在此基础上,从药物生产、医疗器械、医疗服务三方面综述了生命周期评价在医药领域的应用现状和研究进展,指出了现有的医药生命周期评价研究所存在的一些问题,如研究相对较少、数据收集困难,尤其是药物中间体结构复杂、生命周期上游清单数据缺失,以及数据质量不高、生命周期影响评价方法不统一等。最后,针对未来医药领域生命周期评价发展提出相关建议。