Intrinsic product polarization and branch ratio in the S（~1D,~3P）＋HD reaction on three electronic states

The intrinsic product polarization and intramolecular isotope effect of the S（~1D,~3P） ＋ HD reaction have been investigated on both the lowest singlet state（1A） and the triplet state（3A and 3A） potential energy surfaces by using quasi-classical trajectory and quantum mechanical methods.The calculations indicate that intramolecular isotope effects are different on the three electronic states.The stereodynamics study shows that the P（θr） distributions,P（φ r） distributions,and polarization-dependent differential cross sections（PDDCSs）（00） are sensitive to mass factor and the product angular momentum vectors are not only aligned but also oriented.

Ratio-Cum-Product Estimator Using Multiple Auxiliary Attributes in Single Phase Sampling

In this paper, we have proposed a class of ratio-cum-product estimator for estimating population mean of study variable for single phase sampling using multi-auxiliary attributes. The expressions for mean square error are derived. An empirical study is given to compare the performance of the estimator with existing estimators. It has been found that the ratio-cum-product estimator using multiple auxiliary attributes is more efficient than mean per unit, product and ratio estimators using one auxiliary attribute, and Product and Ratio estimators using multiple auxiliary attributes in single phase sampling.

ANALYSES OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IRRIGATED AND NONIRRIGATED AREA FOR LUMINOUS ENERGY UTILIZATION RATIO AND PRODUCTIVE POTENTIALITIES IN NINGXIA

Situated in arid and semi-arid lands, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is locatedat the middle reaches of the Yellow River. An adequate system of gravity irrigation was es-tablished in the north of Ningxia. Adding to abundant sunshine, strong solar radiation andmoderate heat, the agriculture is very developed. The south mountainous area of Ningxia, including both Yanchi and Tongxin counties,is short of rain, The vast lands cannot be irrigated. Nonirrigated agriculture and

Appraisement on Contributive Ratio of Scientific and Technical Progresses in Milk Productive Enterprises by Model C^2GS^2

Scientific and technical progress has been the driving forces of enterprises development.Milk productive enterprises are developing faster and growing better.It is very important to measure the contributive ratio of scientific and technical progress in milk productive enterprises.And the appraisement could help to develop milk productive enterprises.The model C^2GS^2 was established to appraise the contributive ratio of scientific and technical progress in milk productive enterprises in the research.And the appraisement on the contributive ratio of scientific and technical progress in milk productive enterprises was made by the model.In the results of appraisement,science and technology play a main role in milk productive enterprises.It is shown that our milk productive enterprises are developed by scientific and technical progress while not by input of productive factors.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration with Different Concentrate-roughage Ratios on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Fattening Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] This paper was to study effects of pelleted total mixed ration with different concentrate-roughage ratios on production performance and serum biochemical parameters of fattening Hainan black goats.[Method] Thirty-six fattening Hainan black goats with the same genetic background and similar initial weight of(14.08±0.13) kg were randomly assigned into three treatments. Goats were fed with Juncao + concentrate(control group), pelleted total mixed ration I(concentrate: roughage 50 ∶50, group Ⅰ) and Ⅱ(concentrate: roughage 45∶55, group Ⅱ), respectively. The test lasted 45 d.[Result] The final weight, daily gain and feed intake of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were significantly higher than those of control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the final weight and daily gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were also markedly higher than those of experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the feed/gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly lower than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). The feed gain cost of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was markedly lower than that in experimental group Ⅱ( P<0.05), but was significantly higher than that in experimental group Ⅰ(P<0.05);the gross profit of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly higher than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). Compared with control group and experimental group Ⅱ, the serum total protein and glucose lev-els in experimental group Ⅱ increased significantly(P<0.05), but the urea nitrogen content reduced(P>0.05).[Conclusion] When the concentrateroughage ratio of pelleted total mixed ration was 50∶50, the fattening effect of Hainan black goat was better, and the serum total protein and glucose levels were evidently improved.

Automatic Detection Instrument for the Ratio of Chlorine to Bromine in Oxidized Liquid of Bromine Production Based on Fuzzy Method

In the process of bromine production,because of lag adjustment methods,there are problems of adjusting delay,raw material wastage and low growth rate.By considering the nature of bromine production,with the help of fuzzy data processing method,computer detection and display technique,we designed an automatic detection instrument for the ratio of chlorine to bromine in oxidized liquid of bromine production.This instrument can be used to detect the different parameters of raw materials adjustment and control in real time,and afford assurance that raw materials will be adjusted in time.This paper briefly introduces the working mechanism,hardware and software design of the instrument.

Generalized Ratio-Cum-Product Estimators for Two-Phase Sampling Using Multi-Auxiliary Variables

In this paper, we have proposed estimators of finite population mean using generalized Ratio- cum-product estimator for two-Phase sampling using multi-auxiliary variables under full, partial and no information cases and investigated their finite sample properties. An empirical study is given to compare the performance of the proposed estimators with the existing estimators that utilize auxiliary variable(s) for finite population mean. It has been found that the generalized Ra-tio-cum-product estimator in full information case using multiple auxiliary variables is more efficient than mean per unit, ratio and product estimator using one auxiliary variable, ratio and product estimator using multiple auxiliary variable and ratio-cum-product estimators in both partial and no information case in two phase sampling. A generalized Ratio-cum-product estimator in partial information case is more efficient than Generalized Ratio-cum-product estimator in No information case.

Ratio-Cum-Product Estimator Using Multiple Auxiliary Attributes in Two-Phase Sampling

In this paper, we have proposed three classes of ratio-cum-product estimators for estimating population mean of study variable for two-phase sampling using multi-auxiliary attributes for full information, partial information and no information cases. The expressions for mean square errors are derived. An empirical study is given to compare the performance of the estimator with the existing estimator that utilizes auxiliary attribute or multiple auxiliary attributes. The ratio-cum-product estimator in two-phase sampling for full information case has been found to be more efficient than existing estimators and also ratio-cum-product estimator in two-phase sampling for both partial and no information case. Finally, ratio-cum-product estimator in two-phase sampling for partial information case has been found to be more efficient than ratio-cum-product estimator in two-phase sampling for no information case.

Effects of Different Row Ratios of Male and Female Parents and Application Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Hybrid Wheat Seed Production and Its Component Factors

In order to screen suitable high hybrid wheat seed production technology,the split-plot experiment design was adopted and study was carried out about the effects of the different row ratios of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid wheat seed production and its component factors. The results showed that the seed production increased with the increase in the number of female parent row. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2 ∶ 6,the seed production was 3 683. 8 kg/ha; when the application amount of nitrogen fertilization was 50 kg/ha,the seed production was 3 649. 4 kg/ha; the interaction between the row ratio of male and female parents and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer indicated that when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 6 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the seed production reached the highest( 4160. 6 kg/ha). The row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the component factors of seed production,including the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 7 grains,1. 12 g,and 62. 6% respectively; when application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 450 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 0 grains,1. 08 g,and59. 2% respectively; the interaction of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage; when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 29. 6grains,1. 24 g,and 71. 6% respectively. The number of grains per spike is the largest component factor for seed production. Increasing the number of grains per spike can increase the seed production. According to the effects of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on the component factors of seed production,the optimal condition was 2∶ 5-2∶ 6 for row ratio of male and female parents and 300-450 kg/ha for application amount of nitrogen fertilizer.

Carbon storage and sequestration rate assessment and allometric model development in young teak plantations of tropical moist deciduous forest, India

Carbon （C） sequestration through plantations is one of the important mitigation measures for rising levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This study aimed to assess C stocks and their sequestration rate, and to develop allometric models for estimation of C stocking in age-series young teak （Tectona grandis） planta- tions （1, 5, 11, 18, 24 and 30 years） by using biomass and productivity estimation and regression, respectively. These plantations were raised in tropical moist deciduous forests of Kumaun Himalayan tarai. Total C stocks estimated for these plantations were 1.6, 15.8, 35.4, 39.0, 61.5 and 73.2 Mg ha-1, respectively. Aboveground and belowground C storage in- creased with increasing plantation age; however, the range of their percentage contribution showed little variation （87.8-88.2 and 11.7-12.7 %, respectively）, The rate of C sequestration for these respective plantations was 1.06, 6.95, 5.46, 5.42, 3.39 and 5.37 Mg ha-1 a-1. Forty percent of the aboveground annual storage was retained in the tree while 60 % was released in the form of foliage, twigs, and fruit litter. In the case of total （tree） annual production, 43 % was retained while 57 % was released as litter including root. C stock, C sequestration rate, accumulation ratio （1.4-18.1）, root：shoot C ratio （0.61--0.13） and production efficiency （0.01-0.18） were comparable to some previous reports for other species and forests. These data could be useful in deciding the harvesting age for young teak with respect to C storage and sequestrationrate. Four allometric models using linear regression equations were developed between biomass （twice the C stock） and diameter, girth, and height of the tree at different ages. The diameter model was found more suitable for C stock predic- tion in similar areas.

Rate Coefficients and Branching Ratio for Multi-Channel Hydrogen Abstractions from CH3OH by F

The hydrogen abstraction reaction F+CH3OH has two possible reaction pathways: HF+CH3O and HF+CH2OH. Despite the absence of intrinsic barriers for both channels, the former has a branching ratio comparable to the latter, which is far from the statistical limit of 0.25 (one out of four available H atoms). Furthermore, the measured branching ratio of the two abstraction channels spans a large range and is not quantitatively reproduced by previous theoretical predictions based on the transition-state theory with the stationary point information calculated at the levels of MФller-Plesset perturbation theory and G2. This work reports a theoretical investigation on the kinetics and the associated branching ratio of the two competing channels of the title reaction using a quasi-classical trajectory approach on an accurate full-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) fitted by the permutation invariant polynomial-neural network approach to ca. 1.21x10^5 points calculated at the explicitly correlated (F12a) version of coupled cluster singles doubles and perturbative triples (CCSD(T)) level with the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set. The calculated room temperature rate coeffcient and branching ratio of the HF+CH3O channel are in good agreement with the available experimental data. Furthermore, our theory predicts that rate coeffcients have a slightly negative temperature dependence, consistent with barrierless nature of the reaction.

Model study on Bohai ecosystem 1. Model description and primary productivity

A Nutrient -Phytoplankton -Zooplankton（NPZD） type of ecological model is developed to reflect the biochemical process, and further coupled to a primitive equation ocean model, an irradiation model as well as a river discharge model to reproduce ecosystem dynamics in the Bohai Sea. Modeled primary production shows reasonable consistency with observations quantitatively and qualitatively; in addition, f-ratio is examined in detail in the first time, which is also within the range reported in other studies and reveals some meaningful insight into the relative contributions of ammonium and nitrate to the growth of phytoplankton in the Bohai Sea.

Hydrogen Production by Coal Gasification Coupled with <i>in Situ</i>CO₂Capture

CO2 adsorption enhanced gasification process is a prospective technology to be used in hydrogen production with nearly zero CO2 emission. In this paper, a gasification kinetics steady state model is developed based on the chemical kinetics mechanism with the condition of fluidization. It is used to predict the parameters of gas phase and solid phase for a continuous flow reactor with steady state. The variation of components distribution with gasification temperature and pressure are determined, from which the optimal operation parameters of gasifier can be obtained.

A Class of Estimators for Population Ratio in Simple Random Sampling Using Variable Transformation

This paper is an extension and generalization of the study carried out by [1] on the estimation of the population ratio (R) of the population means of two variables (y and x) under Simple Random Sampling (SRS) scheme, using a variable transformation of the auxiliary variable, x. All the six estimators proposed by [1] are easily identified as special cases of the proposed class of estimators. Asymptotic properties of the proposed class of estimators are derived theoretically and subsequently verified using empirical illustrations. Some of the proposed estimators are found to have relatively large gains in efficiency over the customary ratio estimator, ?for the given data set.

Biomass and dominance of conservative species drive above-ground biomass productivity in a mediterranean-type forest of Chile

Background: Forest productivity has a pivotal role in human well-being. Vegetation quantity, niche complementarity, mass-ratio, and soil resources are alternative/complementary ecological mechanisms driving productivity. One challenge in current forest management depends on identifying and manipulating these mechanisms to enhance productivity. This study assessed the extent to which these mechanisms control aboveground biomass productivity(AGBP) of a Chilean mediterranean-type matorral. AGBP measured as tree aboveground biomass changes over a 7-years period, was estimated for twelve 25 m × 25 m plots across a wide range of matorral compositions and structures. Variables related to canopy structure, species and functional diversity, species and functional dominance, soil texture, soil water and soil nitrogen content were measured as surrogates of the four mechanisms proposed. Linear regression models were used to test the hypotheses. A multimodel inference based on the Akaike’s information criterion was used to select the best models explaining AGBP and for identifying the relative importance of each mechanism.Results: Vegetation quantity(tree density) and mass-ratio(relative biomass of Cryptocarya alba, a conservative species) were the strongest drivers increasing AGBP, while niche complementarity(richness species) and soil resources(sand, %) had a smaller effect either decreasing or increasing AGBP, respectively. This study provides the first assessment of alternative mechanisms driving AGBP in mediterranean forests of Chile. There is strong evidence suggesting that the vegetation quantity and mass-ratio mechanisms are key drivers of AGBP, such as in other tropical and temperate forests. However, in contrast with other studies from mediterranean-type forests, our results show a negative effect of species diversity and a small effect of soil resources on AGBP.Conclusion: AGBP in the Chilean matorral depends mainly on the vegetation quantity and mass-ratio mechanisms.The findings of this study have implications for matorral restoration and management for the production of timber and non-timber products and carbon sequestration.

IMF production and symmetry energy in heavy ion collisions near Fermi energy

The symmetry energy at the time of the production of intermediate mass fragments(IMFs) is studied using experimentally observed IMF multiplicities combined with quantum statistical model calculations(QSM of Hahn and St cker).The ratios of difference in chemical potentials between neutrons and protons relative to the temperature,(μn-μp)/T,and the double ratio temperature,T,were extracted experimentally in the reactions of64,70Zn,64Ni+58,64Ni,112,124Sn,197Au,232Th at 40A MeV.The extracted(μn-μp)/TTscales linearly with δNN,where δNN is the asymmetry parameter,(N-Z)/A,of the emitting source and(μn-μp)/T=(11.1 1.4)δNN0.21 was derived.The experimentally extracted(μn-μp)/T and the double ratio temperatures are compared with those from the QSM calculations.The temperatures-,T,and densities,ρ,extracted from the(μn-μp)/T values agreed with those from the double ratio thermometer which used the yield ratios of d,t,h and α particles.However the two analyses of the differential chemical potential analysis and the initial temperature analysis end up almost identical relation between T and ρ.T=5.25±0.75 MeV is evaluated from the(μn-μp)/Tanalysis,but no density determination was possible.From the extracted T value,the symmetry energy coefficient Esym =14.6±3.5 MeV is determined for the emitting source of T=5.25±0.75 MeV.

LIFE CYCLE AND PRODUCTION OF CHIRONOMIDAE(DIPTERA) IN BIANDANTANG, A TYPICAL MACROPHYTIC LAKE (HUBEI, CHINA)

The life cycle and annual production of four dominant species of Chironomids ( Chironomus plumosus, Chironomus sp., Clinotanypus sp., Tokunagayusurika akamusi) were studied with samples taken monthly in Biandantang Lake at eight stations from April, 1996 to March, 1997. Instar frequency data showed C. plumosus was univoltine, while the other three were bivoltine. Production in wet weight (g/(m 2·a)) calculated by the size frequency method for each species were: C. plumosus, 2.663 ; Chironomus sp.,1.161 ;Clinotanypus sp., 0.270; T. akamusi , 1.476. Based on the mean standing stock, their P/B ratios were 3.2, 4.0, 6.2 and 4.4, respectively.

大庆油田SEC储量储采形势及增储策略

大庆油田目前已进入双特高后期开发阶段,储采比逐渐降低,SEC储量替换率仅为0.4左右,增储与稳产需求的矛盾日益加剧。通过对大庆油田目前SEC储采现状、增储特点、影响因素进行分析,认为资源品质下降、长期低油价、成本上升以及评估精细程度不足这4个方面是造成储采失衡的主要原因。为改善储采状况,大庆油田形成了较为有效的增储做法,结合大庆油田实际提出了加强技术创新与应用、提升新区勘探与开发效率、优化天然气资源利用、强化精细管理与成本控制、融入绿色发展与新能源等实现储采平衡的工作方向及增储策略。研究成果为东部同类老油田的长远高质量发展提供决策参考。

Effects of Different Breeds,Number of Squabs and Temperature on Production Performance of Pigeons

To explore the effects of breeds,number of nurturing squabs,and temperature on nest feed conversion ratio and analyze the effects of number of nurturing squabs on parent pigeon body mass,fertility rate,and laying intervals,5 widely used breeds of pigeon were nurtured under the condition of natural laying and hatching in this research.In each breed,24 pair pigeons nurturing 1,2,3,and 4 squabs were chosen to measure the production performance,respectively.The results indicated that different numbers of nurturing squabs had a significant effect on parent pigeon body mass changes and survival rate of 28-d old squabs(P<0.05);the nest feed conversion ratio of breeds nurturing 1 squab(7.58)was extremely significantly higher than those of nurturing 2,3,and 4 squabs(P<0.01);the nest feed conversion ratio of breeds nurturing 2 squabs(4.75)was extremely significantly higher than those of nurturing 3(3.95)and 4 squabs(3.75)(P<0.01);there was no significant difference between breeds nurturing 3 and 4 squabs(P>0.05).Laying intervals of breeds nurturing 4 squabs(43.8 d)were significantly higher than those of nurturing 3(37.4 d),2(35.4 d),and 1(33.8 d)squabs(P<0.05).Nest feed conversion ratio significantly increased with the decrease of environment temperature(P<0.05).The breed showed no effect on the nest feed conversion ratio.In production,nurturing 3 squabs of parent pigeons is appropriate.In some cold areas in winter,cold protection measures should be taken.

高地层倾角油藏高低部位油井液量配比研究

在高倾角断块油藏中,受重力作用影响,高、低部位油井开发效果差异大。运用物理模拟实验分析了地层倾角对高、低部位油井开发效果的影响,推导了考虑均衡驱替的水驱断块倾角油藏高、低部位油井产液量配比计算方法,并通过与数值模拟结果对比,验证了油井产液量配比计算方法的准确性。研究发现:随着储层倾角的增加,高部位流线变少、水驱波及区域变小、采出程度变低。随着储层倾角增加,达到均衡动用所需的油井产液量配比(高部位油井产液量与低部位油井产液量比)增加。在相同储层倾角的情况下,随着原油密度和注水强度增加,倾角对达到均衡驱替所需的油井产液量配比的影响变弱,油井产液量配比降低。该研究对高倾角断块油藏均衡开发具有指导意义。