Establishment and evaluation of operation function model for cascade hydropower station

Toward solving the actual operation problems of cascade hydropower stations under hydrologic uncertainty, this paper presents the process of extraction of statistical characteristics from long-term optimal cascade operation, and proposes a monthly operation function algorithm for the actual operation of cascade hydropower stations through the identification, processing, and screening of available information during long-term optimal operation. Applying the operation function to the cascade hydropower stations on the Jinshajiang-Yangtze River system, the modeled long-term electric generation is shown to have high precision and provide benefits. Through comparison with optimal operation, the simulation results show that the operation function proposed retains the characteristics of optimal operation. Also, the inadequacies and attribution of the algorithm are discussed based on case study, providing decision support and reference information for research on large-scale cascade operation work.

Chaotic Optimal Operation of Hydropower Station with Ecology Consideration

Traditional optimal operation of hydropower station usually has two problems. One is that the optimal algorithm hasn’t high efficiency, and the other is that the optimal operation model pays little attention to ecology. And with the development of electric power market, the generated benefit is concerned instead of generated energy. Based on the analysis of time-varying electricity price policy, an optimal operation model of hydropower station reservoir with ecology consideration is established. The model takes the maximum annual power generation benefit, the maximum output of the minimal output stage in the year and the minimum shortage of eco-environment demand as the objectives, and reservoir water quantity balance, reservoir storage capacity, reservoir discharge flow and hydropower station output and nonnegative variable as the constraints. To solve the optimal model, a chaotic optimization genetic algorithm which combines the ergodicity of chaos and the inversion property of genetic algorithm is exploited. An example is given, which shows that the proposed model and algorithm are scientific and feasible to deal with the optimal operation of hydropower station.

Optimal Operation of Multi-Objective Hydropower Reservoir with Ecology Consideration

Aiming at the problem that traditional optimal operation of hydropower reservoir pays little attention to ecology, an optimal operation model of multi-objective hydropower reservoir with ecology consideration is established which combines the ecology and power generation. The model takes the maximum annual power generation benefit, the maximum output of the minimal output stage in the year and the minimum shortage of ecological water demand as objectives, and water quantity balance of reservoir, reservoir storage, discharge flow, output and so on as constraints. Chaotic genetic arithmetic is developed to solve the optimal model. An example is studied, showing that the annual generation of the proposed model is 8 million kW?h less than that model without ecology consideration, which is about 0.28 percent. But the proposed model is in favor of river ecology protection, and can promote the sustainable utilization of water resources. So it is worthy and necessary for the optimal operation of hydropower reservoir with ecology consideration.

Operation Analysis on T&D Equipment in Three Gorges LeftBank Hydropower Station

The paper outlines the Yangtze Three Gorges water conservancy complex. It describes the power transmission and distribution equipment in the Three Gorges LeftBank Hydropower Station, especially large high-voltage distribution devices. It elaborates the measures for suppressing GIS over-voltage and the tests on VFTO, besides technical measures to ensure safety and stability of power system in the station. It also makes some analyses and summaries about the problems encountered in operation of the equipment.

Effects of Mountain Rivers Cascade Hydropower Stations on Water Ecosystems

China is rich in hydropower resources,and mountain rivers have abundant water resources and huge development potential,which have a profound impact on the pattern of water resources allocation in China.As the main way of water resources and hydropower development,the construction of cascade hydropower stations,while meeting the requirements of water resources utilization for social development,has also brought adverse effects on river ecosystems.Therefore,the impact of the construction of cascade hydropower stations on mountainous river ecosystems,where the minimum ecological flow of rivers must be ensured and reviewed.In addition,this paper proposed the deficiencies and outlooks for cascade hydropower stations based on previous research results.

Differential Evolution Algorithm with Application to Optimal Operation of Multipurpose Reservoir

This paper includes an application of Differential Evolution (DE) for the optimal operation of multipurpose reservoir. The objective of the study is to maximize the hydropower production. The constraints for the optimization problem are reservoir capacity, turbine release capacity constraints, irrigation supply demand constraints and storage continuity. For initializing population, the upper and lower bounds of decision variables are fixed. The fitness of each vector is evaluated. The mutation and recombination is performed. The control parameters, i.e., population size, crossover constant and the weight are fixed according to their fitness value. This procedure is performed for the ten different strategies of DE. Sensitivity analysis performed for ten strategies of DE suggested that, De/best/1/bin is the best strategy which gives optimal solution. The DE algorithm application is presented through Jayakwadi project stage-I, Maharashtra State, India. Genetic algorithm is utilized as a comparative approach to assess the ability of DE. The results of GA and ten DE strategies for the given parameters indicated that both the results are comparable. The model is run for dependable inflows. Monthly maximized hydropower production and irrigation releases are presented. These values will be the basis for decision maker to take decisions regarding operation policy of the reservoir. Results of application of DE model indicate that the maximized hydropower production is 30.885 ×106 kwh and the cor-responding irrigation release is 928.44 Mm3.

考虑水风光联合发电效益最大的水电站水库优化调度

为了经济合理地充分发挥水电站水库的调节能力,促进风光资源的高效消纳,基于微观经济学生产产品时存在的边际产量递减规律,以水电站水库调节能力为可变要素,将风光资源消纳视为“固定要素”的充分发挥,建立了水风光联合发电效益最大模型,可求解得到促进风光资源经济消纳的水电站水库优化调度方案。算例分析结果表明:在入库流量、负荷需求以及水库运行状态等因素一定的条件下,模型可充分反映水电站水库参与风光出力调节时对风光资源的消纳和水风光联合发电效益的贡献,给出了不同情景下水电站水库参与风光出力调节的优化调度方案,对于在保障电力系统安全的前提下充分发挥水电站水库的调节能力和提升水风光联合发电效益具有一定的参考价值。

基于改进模糊故障树法的梯级水电站联合运行期风险分析

以我国某大型梯级水电站为例,基于文献分析法识别其联合运行期的风险源,建立风险指标体系,对传统的模糊故障树法进行改进,在其量化风险概率的基础上,利用层次分析法确定基本事件重要性权重,二者相结合对梯级水电站联合运行期进行风险分析,计算出梯级水电站联合运行期的风险发生概率。结果表明,梯级水电站联合运行期的风险发生概率为4.22×10^(-3),根据《水电站大坝运行安全评价导则》综合判定,风险等级较高,应合理制定相应措施加强风险防范,降低风险损失。研究结果为制定梯级水电站风险防控措施以及进行风险管理提供了基础和支持。

小水电集约化运维管理三方演化博弈研究

“双碳”背景下,为推进小水电集约化运维管理,保证其高质量发展。基于演化博弈理论,构建小水电业主、政府与运维服务企业之间的三方博弈模型,并运用Matlab软件进行数值仿真分析,以探究小水电集约化运维管理三方策略选择的演化路径。结果表明:初始策略的变化对博弈三方演化收敛速度有显著影响;在一定条件下,博弈系统将演化稳定于较理想的均衡状态(1,0,1);运维成本效益、政府奖惩力度、运维平台智慧度和方案收费系数是影响小水电实现集约化运维管理的主要因素。研究结论可为小水电业主参与集约化运维管理和政府制定相关政策提供一定的理论指导。

汛期水风光多能互补动态调度模型研究

为充分利用水电站水库汛期在预报无洪水或小洪水时的调节能力,将汛期运行水位动态控制域对应库容作为调节风光运行的可用库容,在提高水库调节能力的基础上给出了考虑入库洪水实时状态的汛期水电站水库动态消纳风光调度模式,以风光出力期望值加水电出力之和与负荷偏差最小为目标,结合风光出力不确定性建立了汛期水风光多能互补动态调度模型,并以福建省水口水电站为例进行模拟调度计算。结果表明:所提动态消纳风光调度模式能够在保证防洪安全的前提下充分合理利用水位动态控制域内的调节能力来调节风光出力,使失负荷时段数和发电量缺口期望值相较于传统调度模式分别降低约37%和32%,水电站水库平均发电水头提高约4.39%,不仅可提高系统出力可靠性,且能增加系统运行效益。研究成果可为汛期调节风光出力提供参考。

采气井站高效生产运行机制的探索与实践

中石化西南油气分公司采气三厂为推进“集中监控、无人值守、少人巡检、专业维修”管理模式落地,以生产指挥中心为核心,以生产组织运行关键业务为重点,以扁平化组织架构为支撑,利用信息化手段,明确内外操职能和工作界面,做强生产指挥中心“内操”职能,做实基层班组“外操”职能,内操通过信息化平台对生产现场实时管控,通过气田PCS系统一体化联动;外操对生产异常及时处置,有效提高了异常发现和管控的及时率,促使生产运行管理理念由管正常向管异常转变。逐步形成了“全面覆盖、无缝链接、精准高效”的立体管理体系,无人值守场站比例由标准化建设前23%提升至49%。

2022年长江上游流域严重干旱对三峡水电站水力发电的影响分析

利用三峡水电站精细化水文数据推算了高时间分辨率的发电量数据,量化了2022年长江上游流域严重干旱对三峡水电站水力发电的影响,并结合汇流区域气象站点降水量数据,分析了汇流区域气象干旱对三峡水电站水力发电的影响机理。结果表明:2022年三峡水电站水力发电量的减少主要集中在7—11月,该时期总水力发电量较正常情况减少了241.10亿kW·h(44.75%);其中,9月水力发电量减少幅度最大,水力发电量较正常情况减少了68.43亿kW·h(61.05%)。2022年三峡水电站汇流区域7—8月的气象干旱快速传导为水文干旱;同时,6—11月三峡水电站对发电量的调节能力变弱,水文干旱对发电量影响较强;三峡水电站汇流区域7—8月发生的气象干旱与防汛库容的要求,对水力发电均产生了较强影响,其“蓄丰补枯”作用的发挥也受到了明显的不利影响。

农村小水电多要素智能管理探索与实践

农村小水电站存在机组效率低、出力不足、运行水平低、安全监控不足、管理难度大等问题,为此,选取广东省龙门县开展农村小水电站多要素智能管理探索与实践研究。该小水电站利用了智能化改造、集约化运行、物业化管理等管理模式,采用了小水电智能控制装置与报警、安全生产图像智能识别、小水电集中监控服务端等智能管理关键技术。通过对龙门县6个小水电站的数据统计跟踪,研究发现引入小水电站多要素智能管理模式和关键技术后,小水电站运行效率普遍得到提高,年发电量增长了10%左右。相关成果可以为提高农村小水电站的自动化管理水平和安全运行水平提供参考。

基于最优流量分配的水电站短期精细化调度研究

在水电站发电调度研究中,因“以水定电”和“以电定水”两种模式应用场景不同,通常独立使用短期调度模型或实时调度模型,这会导致调度过程中各时段出力的求解有所偏差,难以保证短期调度与实时调度出力计算的一致性和最优性。因此,通过构建最优流量分配模型,将短期调度模型和时段内机组最优流量分配模型进行耦合,可得到短期调度模型中各计算时段内的理论最优出力,实现电站与机组在短期及实时调度层面的无缝衔接。以阿尔塔什电站的发电调度为例,通过计算发现所建短期精细化调度模型的调度期发电量提高了近9%,相较于传统优化调度方式额外提高了5.5%,极大地提高了水电站的经济效益。

虎跳峡河段梯级对下游梯级电站水资源利用效益的补偿作用

为了给虎跳峡河段梯级开发方案和工程规模的决策提供参考,促进工程早开工、早见效,基于考虑控制性水库调蓄、已建在建跨流域引调水工程和河道外新增耗水量的边界条件,建立了长江上游控制性水库联合调度模型,计算分析了虎跳峡河段梯级不同调节库容方案时水库自身库容的利用情况,以多年平均年发电量和平枯水期发电量指标为代表分析了对下游梯级电站水资源利用效益的补偿作用。通过分析论证认为:结合汛期需要预留58.6亿m^(3)防洪库容的要求,虎跳峡河段设置60亿~120亿m^(3)调节库容,即可在充分利用本河段水力资源的同时,增加下游梯级电站多年平均年发电量56.2亿~119.4亿kW·h,多年平均平枯水期发电量161.5亿~294.0亿kW·h,继续增加调节库容,虽然对下游梯级电站的补偿效益更为显著,但库容利用率较低,边际效应递减较快。

小南海库区生态系统生产总值变化预测与分析

目前处于研究论证阶段的小南海水电站是长江重庆河段内集交通、能源、水利等多重功能为一体的重大基础设施工程,是位于超大城市主城区的大型枢纽工程项目,受到广泛关注。为了系统地评估和预测该项目建设可能的生态效益和影响,参考生态系统生产总值的研究框架和方法,通过构建库区生态系统生产总值评估指标体系,综合运用影子价格法、机会成本法等方法预测水电站建设给库区生态系统生产总值带来的影响。结果表明:①水电站建设不仅可以助力重庆市防洪、供水和航运,还将推动生态系统生产总值提升和生态价值“外溢”,总体上水电站建设前后生态系统生产总值共增加56.86亿元,生态产品价值、生态调节服务价值和生态文化服务价值总量均呈现上升趋势。②水电价值升高趋势较为明显,预计提升50.88亿元/a,其次是休闲旅游价值,预计提升0.34亿元/a;自然景观价值提升约2.30亿元/a;水源涵养、洪水调蓄价值分别提升2.32亿元/a和1.28亿元/a。③水电站建设导致坝址上游水位抬升,林草面积被少量侵占,将对土壤保持价值有轻微影响,建议同步实施一江两岸青山工程水土保持措施,保障库区水土保持效益的维持与提升。从生态、经济、社会多维度评估权衡小南海水电站建设可能造成的库区生态系统结构和生态系统生产总值的变化,可以为水电站建设后的库区生态空间生态修复与绿色发展方向提供指引。

基于工业互联网平台的水电站数据资产转化系统设计与应用

随着工业互联网技术的快速发展,作为能源领域的重要组成部分,水电站正面临数字化转型的迫切需求。基于长江电力的工业互联网平台,设计并建设了向家坝水电站数据资产转化系统,旨在实现对水电站运行作业过程数据资产的积累、转化与共享,进而提升运行人员的工作水平,实现水电厂安全、经济、高效运营的目标。

基于VR技术的水电站运维仿真系统设计

水电站运维需要技术人员具有较高的熟练度,在运维仿真系统上进行运维操作训练,而操作的真实性影响实际运维效果,因此基于VR技术设计水电站运维仿真系统。分析水电站的层次结构,在此基础上采用VR技术建立水电站的虚拟环境,提高运维仿真操作的真实性;设计漫游控制模型,支持用户在水电站虚拟环境中的场景交互。利用Unity 3D引擎开发虚拟水电站功能,设计人机交互平台、共享内存区及程序通信、简报系统。实验结果表明,所设计系统建模效率和精度较高,可准确地完成水电站中设备运行状态的监测。

基于大数据的水电站运维远程智能监控系统构建与应用

为解决偏远山区水电站运行维护难的问题,基于大数据、云服务、传感器和人工智能技术,设计开发了一套水电站运维远程智能监控系统,系统通过传感器对现场设备进行监测,然后通过局部均值分析法(LMD)对现场采集到的复杂振动信号进行分解处理,最后利用Elman神经网络的故障诊断专家系统进行故障诊断,可实现远程监测、控制和故障诊断等功能;系统在设计的100人并发用户下,CPU占有率仅为11.7%,每月消耗网络流量395.8GB<1000GB(设计网络流量),平均每一次响应时间仅为3.3ms;系统大大降低了运维人员的工作强度,提高了故障诊断效率,降低了运维成本,在实际工程中取得了较好的应用效果。

两种河床式水电站调度曲线的分析与研究

为了分析低水头、日调节或径流式水电站的出力情况,研究适用于水电站的发电调度运行方式曲线,笔者研究分析折线形和山峰形两种出力限制曲线,对两种曲线合理性进行分析和验证,并提出应用建议。结果表明,两种曲线均可以大幅提高水电站及电网调度对短期(日内)预想出力的预测精度。两种曲线均可适用于低水头、径流式水电站在不同水头条件的调度需求,有一定借鉴意义。