Gas evolution characteristics of three kinds of no-bake resin-bonded sands for foundry in production

No-bake resin-bonded sand is commonly used in casting production.However,its air pollution is relatively serious,especially in the molding and pouring process.For this reason,it is necessary to study the gas evolution characteristics of no-bake resin-bonded sand from room temperature to high temperatures,and not only the amount of gaseous products,but also the composition of the gaseous products.No-bake furan resin-bonded sand(#1),phenolic urethane no-bake resin-bonded sand(#2),and alkaline phenolic no-bake resin-bonded sand(#3)are the three most common no-bake resin-bonded sands in casting.The gas evolution volume and rate of these three no-bake resin-bonded sands were studied.Thermogravimetry-mass spectrometer(TG-MS),headspace-gas chromatography/mass spectrometer(HS-GC/MS),and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometer(PY-GC/MS)were used to measure the composition of the gaseous products emitted from binders at room temperature and high temperatures.The differences between formaldehyde,heterocyclic aromatic compounds(HAC),monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(MAH),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)gaseous products from the three types of no-bake resin-bonded sands during the molding and casting process were compared.From the perspective of environmental protection,alkaline phenolic no-bake resin-bonded sand and no-bake furan resin-bonded sand are better than phenolic urethane no-bake resin-bonded sand.

Development of Production Technology of Castle Composite Materials

The application of mechanical and chemical syntheses in an high-energy vibration mill of the FESTU makes easy the process of the introduction of reinforced powders in castle composite materials on the Al basis. The obtained reinforced phases of Al-Ti-C composition have high specific Surface due to peculiarities of explosive mechanical and chemical syntheses. It increases the uniformity of their distribution in a matrix melt during the mixing process and also increases properties of castle composite materials.

Nitrous oxide emission and reduction in a laboratory-incubated paddy soil response to pretreatment of water regime

A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate nitrous oxide(N 2O) emission and reduction in a paddy soil(Stagnic Anthrosol) response to the pretreatment of water regime. The paddy soil was maintained under either air dried(sample D) or submerged(sample F) conditions for 110 d before the soil was adjusted into soil moisture of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% water holding capacity(WHC) respectively, and then incubated with or without 10%(v/v) acetylene for 138 h at 25℃. At lower soil water content (≤60% WHC), N 2O emission from the sample F was 2 29 times higher than that from the sample D( P <0 01). While, N 2O emission from the sample F was only 29 and 14 percent of that from the sample D at the soil moisture of 80% and 100% WHC, respectively( P <0 01). The maximal N 2O emissions observed at soil moisture of 80% WHC were about 24 and 186 times higher than the minima obtained at the soil moisture of 20% WHC for the sample F and D, respectively. But at the soil moisture of 80% and 100% WHC, N 2O emission from the sample F with acetylene(F+ACE) was comparable to that of the sample D with acetylene (D+ACE). The results showed that the F sample produced N 2O ability in denitrification was similar to the sample D, however, the sample F was in the better reduction of N 2O to N 2 than the sample D even after the soil moisture was adjusted into the same level of 80% or 100% WHC. Therefore, the pretreatment of water regime influenced the strength and product composition of denitrification and N 2O emission from the paddy soil.

Three Stage Equilibrium Model for Coal Gasification in Entrained Flow Gasifiers Based on Aspen Plus

A three stage equilibrium model is developed for coal gasification in the Texaco type coal gasifiersbased on Aspen Plus to calculate the composition of product gas, carbon conversion, and gasification teml^erature. The model is divided into three stages including pyrolysis and combustion stage, char gas reaction stage, and gas p.hase reaction stage. Part of the water produced in thepyrolysis and combust!on stag.e is assumed to be involved inthe second stage to react with the unburned carbon. Carbon conversion is then estimated in the second stage by steam participation ratio expressed as a function of temperature. And the gas product compositions are calculated from gas phase reactions in the third stage. The simulation results are consistent with published experimental data.

Analysis of Hydration Mechanism and Microstructure of Composite Cementitious Materials for Filling Mining

To obtain the compositions and microstructure of hydration products of cementitious material in different hydration ages and its growth law of filling strength, the optimal proportion of composite cementitious material was determined according to the chemical composition of cement clinker which was composed of the Portland cement 32.5R, CSA 42.5 sulphoaluminate cement and two gypsum（CS）. The characterization of composite cementitious materials in different hydration ages was conducted by NMR, XRD and SEM techniques. The mechanism of hydration was explored. It is shown that the compressive strength of the test block increases gradually with the increase of hydration age. The microstructure of composite cementitious material can be changed from Al-O octahedron into Al-O tetrahedron in the hydration process. The hydrated alkali alumi niumsilicate formed with Si-O tetrahedron and Al-O tetrahedron. The degree of polymerization of Si-O tetrahedron gradually increased, and the structural strength of cementitious materials continued to increase. The diffraction peak of clinker minerals gradually decreased with the extension of hydration age. The CaSO4 completely hydrated to produce Aft during hydration which resulted in high early strength of cementitious material. The early hydration product of composite cementitious materials was Aft with a needle bar structure. The main middle and last hydration products were CSH gel and CH gel with dense prismatic shape. The microscopic pore of composite cementitious material gradually decreased and improved the later strength of filling block. The strong support was provided for mined-out area.