Suitability Evaluation of Rural Settlements Based on Accessibility of Production and Living： A Case Study of Tingzu Town in Hubei Prov- ince of China

Rural settlements are the main carriers of agriculture, rural areas and farmers; thus, optimizing the production and living space of rural settlements is highly significant to rural development. Taking the effective allocation of resources as the starting point, a suitability evaluation system of rural settlements, based on accessibility of production and living, was proposed in this study to provide scientific basis for the optimization of production and living space. The accessibility of production and living was measured by an im- proved two-step floating catchment area method, which considered proximity and availability based on the inclination of rural residents. The suitability evaluation system consisted of traditional suitability evaluation and newly proposed limiting factor identification based on the loss score proportion of suitability. Tingzu Town of Hubei Province, China, was chosen as the case study area. Based on the re- suits of the suitability evaluation system, corresponding suggestions on rural land consolidation, industry division, as well as the layout of health care and education facilities were proposed to optimize the production and living space of rural settlements in Tingzu Town. It is found that the suitability evaluation based on accessibility of production and living is more scientific and accurate than the traditional ones which significantly overestimate production and living convenience. Moreover, the limiting factor identification can help us put forward suggestions according to local conditions and bring about the highly targeted optimization of production and living space of rural settlements.

Novel,non-colonizing,single-strain live biotherapeutic product ADS024 protects against Clostridioides difficile infection challenge in vivo

BACKGROUND The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that Clostridioides difficile(C.difficile)causes half a million infections(CDI)annually and is a major cause of total infectious disease death in the United States,causing inflammation of the colon and potentially deadly diarrhea.We recently reported the isolation of ADS024,a Bacillus velezensis(B.velezensis)strain,which demonstrated direct in vitro bactericidal activity against C.difficile,with minimal collateral impact on other members of the gut microbiota.In this study,we hypothesized that in vitro activities of ADS024 will translate in vivo to protect against CDI challenge in mouse models.AIM To investigate the in vivo efficacy of B.velezensis ADS024 in protecting against CDI challenge in mouse models.METHODS To mimic disruption of the gut microbiota,the mice were exposed to vancomycin prior to dosing with ADS024.For the mouse single-dose study,the recovery of ADS024 was assessed via microbiological analysis of intestinal and fecal samples at 4 h,8 h,and 24 h after a single oral dose of 5×108 colony-forming units(CFU)/mouse of freshly grown ADS024.The single-dose study in miniature swine included groups that had been pre-dosed with vancomycin and that had been exposed to a dose range of ADS024,and a group that was not pre-dosed with vancomycin and received a single dose of ADS024.The ADS024 colonies[assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)using ADS024-specific primers]were counted on agar plates.For the 28-d miniature swine study,qPCR was used to measure ADS024 levels from fecal samples after oral administration of ADS024 capsules containing 5×109 CFU for 28 consecutive days,followed by MiSeq compositional sequencing and bioinformatic analyses to measure the impact of ADS024 on microbiota.Two studies were performed to determine the efficacy of ADS024 in a mouse model of CDI:Study 1 to determine the effects of fresh ADS024 culture and ADS024 spore preparations on the clinical manifestations of CDI in mice,and Study 2 to compare the efficacy of single daily doses vs dosing 3 times per day with fresh ADS024.C.difficile challenge was performed 24 h after the start of ADS024 exposure.To model the human distal colon,an anerobic fecal fermentation system was used.MiSeq compositional sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed to measure microbiota diversity changes following ADS024 treatment.To assess the potential of ADS024 to be a source of antibiotic resistance,its susceptibility to 18 different antibiotics was tested.RESULTS In a mouse model of CDI challenge,single daily doses of ADS024 were as efficacious as multiple daily doses in protecting against subsequent challenge by C.difficile pathogen-induced disease.ADS024 showed no evidence of colonization based on the observation that the ADS024 colonies were not recovered 24 h after single doses in mice or 72 h after single doses in miniature swine.In a 28-d repeat-dose study in miniature swine,ADS024 was not detected in fecal samples using plating and qPCR methods.Phylogenetic analysis performed in the human distal colon model showed that ADS024 had a selective impact on the healthy human colonic microbiota,similarly to the in vivo studies performed in miniature swine.Safety assessments indicated that ADS024 was susceptible to all the antibiotics tested,while in silico testing revealed a low potential for off-target activity or virulence and antibioticresistance mechanisms.CONCLUSION Our findings,demonstrating in vivo efficacy of ADS024 in protecting against CDI challenge in mouse models,support the use of ADS024 in preventing recurrent CDI following standard antibiotic treatment.

Significance of Live Streaming in Shaping Business: A Critical Review and Analytical Study

With the rise of live streaming on social media, platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube have become powerful business tools. They enable users to share live videos, fostering direct connections between businesses and their customers. This critical literature review paper explores the impact of live streaming on businesses, focusing on its role in attracting and satisfying consumers by promoting products tailored to their needs and wants. It emphasizes live streaming’s crucial role in engaging customers, a key to business growth. The study also provides viable strategies for businesses to leverage live streaming for growth and customer engagement, underscoring its importance in the business landscape.

Assessing the role of forest resources in improving rural livelihoods in West Bengal of India

Forest resources play a vital role in supporting the livelihoods of rural communities residing in forest-rich areas.In India,a forest-rich country,a significant proportion of non-timber forest products(NTFPs)is consumed locally,supporting numerous rural communities relying on forests for essential resources,such as firewood,timber,and NTFPs.This study focuses on two forest-dominant districts in West Bengal of India,namely,Jhargram District and Paschim Medinipur District.Furthermore,this study aims to enhance the understanding of forest-dependent communities by comparing the standard of living among different village classes.Thus,we categorized villages into three classes based on the distance from home to forests,including inner villages,fringe villages,and outer villages.Through focus group discussions and household surveys,we explored the sources of local economy,income sources of household,and reasons for economic diversification in different village classes.The study findings confirm that substantial variations existed in the income sources and the standard of living in these villages.Forest income varied dramatically among the three village classes,with inner villages having greater forest income than fringe villages and outer villages.Meanwhile,households in outer villages depended on forests and engaged in diverse economic activities for their livelihoods.Compared with inner and fringe villages,households in outer villages derived a significant portion of their income from livestock.This discrepancy can be attributed to challenges,such as inadequate transportation,communication,and underdeveloped market chains in inner villages.Moreover,these findings emphasize the need to develop sustainable forest management practices,create alternative income-generation opportunities,and improve infrastructure and market access in inner villages,as well as promote economic diversification in outer villages.Through targeted policy measures,these forest-rich regions can achieve improved livelihoods,enhanced standard of living,and increased resilience for their communities.

Why Linear Thermodynamics Does Describe Change of Entropy Production in Living Systems?

We propose a hypothesis according to which there is a hierarchy of included steady states in living systems. Each steady state is not stable and exists only in a certain frame of time, named characteristic time. Evolution of system to any steady state leads to a change of boundary conditions for all steady states having lesser characteristic time. It should not be very rapid. In the opposite case, the level of entropy production could change so much that the system achieves a critical unstable point of any included steady state. Passing through the critical point leads to reorganization of the entire hierarchy of the steady states or to the complete collapse of the system as a dissipative structure. Also one should take into account that living systems are the result of long-term biological evolution. The species that are able to maintain their integrity for the longest time interval have evolutionary advantage. Therefore, it is quite likely that difference between current value of the entropy production and value of the entropy production in nearest steady state is small enough to satisfy the laws of linear thermodynamics. Experimental data confirm the hypothesis. Limits of applicability of linear thermodynamics to biological systems are discussed.

Assessing the impacts of ecological-living-productive land changes on eco-environmental quality in Xining City on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

The Ecological-living-productive land(ELPL)classification system was proposed in an effort to steer China's land pattern to an ecological-centered path,with the development model shifting from a single function into more integrated multifunction land use.The focus is coordinating the man-land contradictions and developing an intensive,efficient and sustainable land use policy in an increasingly tense relationship between humans and nature.Driven by socioeconomic change and rapid population growth,many cities are undergoing urban sprawl,which involves the consumption of cropland and ecological land and threatens the ecological balance.This paper aims to quantitatively analyze the critical effects of ELPL changes on eco-environmental quality according to land use classification based on leading function of ecology,living and production from 1990 to 2015 with a case study of Xining City.Also,four future land use scenarios were simulated for 2030 using the Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS)model that couples human and natural effects.Our results show a decrease in productive land(PL)and an increase in ecological land(EL)and living land(LL)in Xining City.Forestry ecological land(FEL)covered the top largest proportion;agriculture productive land(APL)showed the greatest reduction and urban and rural living land(U-RLL)presented a dramatic increase.The eco-environmental quality improved in 1990-2010,mainly affected by the conversion of APL to FEL and GEL.However,the encroachment of U-RLL into APL,other ecological land(OEL)and FEL was the main contributor to the decline in eco-environmental quality in 2010-2015 as well as the primary reason for the increase area of lower-quality.The Harmonious Development(HD)-Scenario,characterized by a rational allocation of LL and PL and a better eco-environment,would have implications for planning and monitoring future management of ELPL,and may represent a valuable reference for local policy-makers.

“三生”空间视角下苏南水网乡村景观生态风险评价——以石头潭片区为例

苏南水网乡村是新型城镇化建设的先行区,然而快速经济建设对“三生”空间景观格局造成较大干扰,引发的景观生态风险变化值得关注。研究以苏州市石头潭片区为例,选取1990、2000、2010、2020年4期土地利用数据,基于景观格局指数构建景观生态风险评价模型,定量分析研究区“三生”空间景观生态风险时空分异特征。结果表明,1)1990-2020年石头潭片区“三生”空间面积变化显著。生态空间面积稳步增加;农业生产空间面积逐年缩减;工业生产空间、城镇生活空间与农村生活空间扩张显著。“三生”空间类型转移以农业生产空间转向城镇生活空间与工业生产空间为主。2)研究区“三生”空间与景观生态风险存在关联性,高风险区主要分布于澄湖等水域生态空间,中风险区主要为沿湖荡分布的农业生产空间与农村生活空间,低风险区多为成片聚集分布的城镇生活空间与工业生产空间。1990-2020年石头潭片区景观生态风险等级不断上升,较高、高风险区面积逐步扩张,面积占比分别上升14.43%、7.50%。3)石头潭片区景观生态风险存在显著空间正相关性;生态风险指数空间分布以高-高与低-低聚集为主,空间分异特征明显。

基于“源-汇”理论的山区农村居民点“三生空间”优化研究——以井陉县为例

本研究根据农村居民点以及太行山区县域“三生空间”分布特征,基于“源-汇”理论和MCR模型,从生态源地扩张和生产源地扩张的角度,依据“三生”功能构建阻力面指标体系,计算最小累积阻力面差,实现县域“三生空间”的划分和农村居民点分类整治优化。结果表明:(1)基于“源-汇”理论的最小累积阻力模型在山区“三生空间”格局构建,农村居民点分类整治中具有相容性和可行性;(2)研究区以生态保护区和生态优化区为主,生态空间占比59.5%,以生态功能为主,农村居民点分布中生产功能占比62.7%,以生产功能导向为主,因此,乡村整治要根据农村居民所处的主导功能分类整治;(3)乡村整治应综合考虑农村居民点的生活、生产、生态功能特征,分类促进山区乡村振兴和生态文明建设。

利用转移矩阵模型研究江苏省长江岸线变化

开展长江生态环境监测,推动长江经济带发展是关系国家发展全局的重大战略,是加快推进生态文明建设的客观需要。以2015-2021年江苏省沿江2 km岸线范围内土地利用数据为研究对象,利用转移矩阵模型计算研究区域内各时间节点的转移矩阵表,分析生态、生活和生产空间用地的转入转出以及增减情况;再采用高斯-赛德尔迭代法绘制三生空间流转的桑基图,对江苏省长江岸线变化进行定量分析,为长江经济带(江苏段)的生态监测提供技术支持。

“三生”视角下中国式现代化水平测度与发展路径——以江苏省淮安市为例

基于“三生”协同发展理念与中国式现代化5大特征的内在逻辑关系阐释,构建中国式现代化发展测度指标体系,运用熵值法和耦合协调度模型定量测度江苏省及其各设区市中国式现代化发展水平和结构,并以淮安市为例进行重点分析.结果表明:江苏省中国式现代化发展水平和结构总体进入后疫情时期的恢复和调整阶段;当前淮安市中国式现代化发展存在的主要问题表现在人口规模巨大的现代化发展内生动力不足、全体人民共同富裕的现代化发展不充分问题凸显、人与自然和谐共生的现代化发展潜力有待挖掘等方面,究其本质,在于发展不充分、不均衡.因此,重构产业技术体系、优化产业空间体系、完善产业服务体系,构建城乡一体的现代化产业体系是破解淮安市中国式现代化发展难题的重要路径.

基于斯坦克伯格博弈理论的直播电商农产品供应链定价策略

为深入理解直播电商环境下农产品供应链的定价策略及面临的挑战,介绍了斯坦克伯格博弈理论及直播电商农产品供应链的框架和核心特征。评述了直播电商农产品供应链定价问题的复杂性,并建立了基于假设的多种决策模型。通过数值分析方法,分析了这些模型的有效性和适用性。结果表明,直播电商环境下农产品供应链定价策略的选择对增加各参与方的利益具有明显影响,且集中决策模式在实现供应链整体利益最大化方面效果最佳。归纳了直播电商农产品供应链面临的主要挑战和决策困境,得出了优化直播电商农产品供应链定价策略的重要性,以期最大化供应链各环节参与者的共同利益。提出了针对直播电商农产品供应链定价问题的改进建议和策略,认为在直播电商快速发展的背景下,采用先进的博弈理论对定价策略进行科学分析与优化,对提升农产品供应链的整体效率和竞争力至关重要。

FPSO生活楼模块吊排结构强度与优化

针对浮式生产储卸油轮(FPSO)生活楼模块整体吊装安全需求,开展FPSO生活楼模块整体吊装过程中吊排结构型式与强度优化设计研究。基于板式吊排结构强度校核理论,利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS参数化建模对吊排强度进行分析,提出吊排结构优化流程;通过迭代计算,对不同承载能力的吊排结构进行优化定型。研究结果表明:优化定型后的吊排结构质量小于原始结构质量,在结构强度允许范围内,实现了整体结构的轻量化,研究结果可为整体式吊排结构设计提供一定参考。

基于“三生”空间的湖南省土地利用格局及多功能演变

为了增强土地的多功能性,缓解土地资源紧张和功能性较弱等问题。该研究基于“三生”空间视角,通过“要素-结构-空间-功能”的土地利用多功能机制,构建多功能评价指标体系,采用熵值法和TOPSIS法对其土地利用多功能水平进行评价。同时借助ArcGIS软件,采用土地利用空间转移模型、土地利用动态度等空间分析方法对该区域2000—2020年土地利用格局演变特征进行分析。最后基于“空间+功能”的双视角探析土地利用空间格局演变与功能转变之间的动态关系。结果表明:1)2000—2020年湖南省土地利用“三生”空间格局演变波动较大,生产空间与生态空间收缩,生活空间扩张;其中又以生活空间扩张显著,生产空间与生态空间之间转换较为频繁为主要特点,是造成湖南省土地利用“三生”空间波动重组的主要因素。2)区域分布格局,生产空间主要分布于省北部的常德、益阳、岳阳以及中部衡阳、娄底、邵阳、永州4市交界的中心区域;生活空间主要分布于以长株潭城市群为中心的核心分布区以及各市城市中心区域;生态空间分布面积最广,主要分布于省西部及西南部丘陵山地区域,以及位于省北部的洞庭湖水域区等;区域变化以环长株潭区域土地利用格局演变更剧烈,其次是东、西、南三面山地区域;动态度结果显示全省土地利用总体动态变化率有提升态势。3)2000—2020年土地利用“三生”功能水平呈现逐年递增趋势,生态功能评分最高,变化最明显,生产功能次之,波动中水平趋于稳定,生活功能最低,呈逐年提升趋势;区域间水平差异由低水平高差距向高水平的相对均衡转变。4)土地利用空间格局变化与功能转变之间具有较大的关联性,尤其在时序变化上呈现一定的变化规律,最后基于“空间+功能”的土地利用多功能机制,对两者关系进行了一次有益尝试。在“一对多”机制关系研究中,未来需要结合土地多功能测度方法更加准确识别“三生”空间和功能之间的相互关系。

三生空间视角下传统村落空间基因图谱构建及特征解析——以扎尕那村为例

传统村落三生空间的优化布局有赖于对其空间特征及其内在结构的认识。文章以扎尕那村为例,从三生空间的视角建立空间基因图谱,并以此为基础确定村落三生空间基因特征。研究表明:(1)基于土地利用数据构建三生空间基因描述具有区别于单一空间基因的新维度;(2)运用参数化方法进行空间基因识别提取具有可操作性;(3)借助“三生空间关系”图形及“地理信息要素分类”编码的形式实现空间基因图谱表达可更好服务于国土空间规划;(4)基于空间基因图谱识别出的扎尕那三生空间特征明显,生态空间由9种景观类型组成,裸岩与林地是景观的基质;生活空间建设用地破碎度较高,呈自由式带状布局;生产空间形成农林牧垂直经济类型。

基于岭南传统建筑元素的文化创意产品设计研究

文章以设计的角度研究岭南传统建筑的创新转化,旨在为岭南传统建筑的“活态化”应用提供新的途径。岭南传统建筑是岭南文化的瑰宝,是地域性的文物,承载着该地区的历史记忆。文章论述了岭南传统建筑的三种形式,提出以原型式设计、情景式设计两种思路去创意开发岭南传统建筑文化创意产品,并以镬耳墙与茶具相结合进行设计实践。结果表明,现代设计能够赋能传统建筑文化,将静态的岭南建筑文化以可移动、可消费的实体产品融入日常的生活中,以期赋予传统建筑新的生命力和时代价值,达到文化传承传播与经济效益的双赢。

黄河流域收缩城市“三生”功能耦合协调分析

利用第五、第六和第七次全国人口普查资料对黄河流域的收缩城市进行识别并测算其收缩强度,借助多指标综合评价法、耦合协调度模型分析2010年、2015年和2020年收缩城市的“三生”功能大小及耦合协调度,进一步运用随机森林模型探究其关键影响因素。结果表明:在黄河流域内90个地级市(州、盟)中,持续收缩型城市有27个,阶段收缩型城市有9个,潜在收缩型城市有29个,城市收缩现象显著;不同区域收缩城市的“三生”功能水平差异显著,其中生产和生活功能整体呈上升态势;“三生”功能的耦合协调度呈现由勉强协调向初级协调发展的特征,中、下游区域协调度优于上游,经济社会的快速发展和人民生活水平的提高有助于“三生”功能的耦合协调发展。

儿童成长家庭客厅家具产品创新设计研究与实践

通过若干设计实践案例,探讨亲子家庭客厅家具创新设计的方法。定位儿童成长家庭,通过开展市场调研,合理构建QDF质量屋;以“形式追随生活”的理念开展概念设计;严格执行《儿童家具通用技术条件》,深化产品设计。通过一系列儿童成长家庭客厅家具的创新设计尝试,提出若干儿童成长家庭客厅的创新家具产品设计解决方案。探析出儿童成长家庭的客厅家具可以从儿童的学习和运动能力的需求方面寻找设计创新点。在产品创新设计过程中需要注意:结合家庭消费观念,选择适合的解决方案;注重功能的可识别性与安全可靠;遵循尽可能简约的设计原则;选择色彩应用时,应综合考虑家庭成员的需求;产品设计风格要与全屋定制趋势相匹配。

山地旅游目的地“三生”系统耦合协调时空演化分析——以贵州省为例

以贵州省9个市(州)为例,构建“生产—生活—生态”系统耦合协调评价指标体系,运用加权TOPSIS法对该区三大系统的综合发展水平进行评价,再基于重心模型和耦合协调模型分析“三生”系统的时空耦合态势。结果表明:(1)研究期内,贵州省各市(州)“三生”系统的发展水平不一致,其综合评价指数差异显著。(2)“三生”系统的重心一直位于贵阳市境内,但偏移方向有所不同;“三生”系统两两之间空间耦合性从高到低依次为“生产—生活”系统、“生活—生态”系统、“生产—生态”系统。(3)从时间上看,“三生”系统耦合协调度以波动上升和保持稳定为主,空间上呈现出以贵阳、遵义为核心的“核心—边缘”式结构特征。

我国网络直播营销产品质量政府监管的困境与优化路径——基于回应性规制理论的思考

作为一种新型营销模式,网络直播带来巨大发展机遇的同时,也对直播营销产品质量监管提出了一系列挑战,如传统经济分析工具失灵、监管理论支撑不力,法律依据未成体系、监管“底气”不足以及监管模式滞后等问题。法和社会学视角下的回应性规制理论倡导纵向的监管策略和横向的监管主体间监管权分配的方案,意在构建出监管机构与被监管者的良性互动,调动各种力量参与监管过程的混合型监管模式。“他山之石可以攻玉”,我国可以本土化回应性规制理论,坚持包容创新审慎干预的理念,修订完善网络直播营销产品质量监管法律规则,明确监管机关职权、智慧化监管手段,以构建网络直播营销产品质量监管新模式,实现网络直播营销产品质量监管优化。

主播群体规模对品牌直播销售绩效的倒U型影响研究——来自化妆品行业的实证?

直播电商活动中,主播群体是促进产品销售的核心人群。本研究重点关注品牌网络直播活动中主播群体规模、产品线宽度和品牌类型的匹配对品牌直播销售绩效的影响。本研究收集了2020年8月-12月共18周内化妆品行业中具有代表性的17个奢侈品牌和27个非奢侈品牌的抖音直播销售数据,其中包含261个主播、1,658个产品和3,119场直播。通过采用STATA的双向固定效应模型分析,本研究发现主播群体规模对品牌直播销量有显著的倒U型影响,直播产品线宽度对品牌直播销量有显著的直接正向影响。同时,直播产品线宽度和品牌类型调节了主播群体规模对品牌直播销量的倒U型影响。