The Institutional Framework of Common Prosperity in the Process of Chinese Modernization

The report to the 20th CPC National Congress makes it clear that achieving common prosperity for all is an essential requirement of Chinese modernization,and that China has come to a historical period when concrete measures can be taken to promote common prosperity with a well-researched and effective system.In the new journey of Chinese modernization,we must correctly understand productive forces and production relations,properly handle the relation between efficiency and fairness,and promote common prosperity with sound systems.Therefore,efforts must be made to create an institutional framework of common prosperity that involves three pillars—socialism with Chinese characteristics as the fundamental system,improving the efficiency and vitality of productive forces as the basic system,and preserving fairness and adjusting productive relations and income distribution as the foundational system.To succeed,we must do the following three things.First,we should uphold the system where the Party leads the country,and all our work and the people run the country.Second,we should improve the basic economic system in which public ownership is the mainstay,the high-level socialist market economy,related systems,to promote high-quality economic development,and auxiliary systems to realize common prosperity with the digital economy.Third,we should perfect the institutional arrangements related to primary,secondary,and tertiary income distribution.

The Multiplier Algebra of a Ternary Algebra

In this article, we have given the definition of the relative double multiplier (quasi-multiplier) on a ternary algebra,and studied the isomorphic problem of the multiplier algebra M(A,e) of a ternary algerbra A.

Are regional precipitation-productivity relationships robust to decadal-scale dry period?

Precipitation(PPT)is the primary climatic determinant of plant growth and aboveground net primary productivity(ANPP)for many of the world’s major terrestrial ecosystems.Thus,relationships between PPT and productivity can provide insight into how changes in climate may alter ecosystem functions globally.Spatial PPT–ANPP relationships for grasslands are found remarkably similar around the world,but whether and how they change during periods of extended climatic anomalies remain unknown.Here,we quantifed how regional-scale PPTANPP relationships vary between an extended wet and a dry period by taking advantage of a 35-year record of PPT and NDVI(as a surrogate for ANPP)at 1700 sites in the temperate grasslands of northern China.We found a sharp decrease in the strength of the spatial PPT–ANPP relationship during an 11-year period of below average PPT.We attributed the collapse of this relationship to asynchrony in the responses of different grassland types to this decadal period of increased aridity.Our results challenge the robustness of regional PPT–productivity if aridity in grasslands is increased globally by climate change.

Relative pollen productivities of typical steppe species in northern China and their potential in past vegetation reconstruction

The Relative Pollen Productivities(RPPs)of common steppe species are estimated using Extended R-value(ERV)model based on pollen analysis and vegetation survey of 30 surface soil samples from typical steppe area of northern China.Artemisia,Chenopodiaceae,Poaceae,Cyperaceae,and Asteraceae are the dominant pollen types in pollen assemblages,reflecting the typical steppe communities well.The five dominant pollen types and six common types(Thalictrum,Iridaceae,Potentilla,Ephedra,Brassicaceae,and Ulmus)have strong wind transport abilities;the estimated Relevant Source Area of Pollen(RSAP)is ca.1000 m when the sediment basin radius is set at 0.5 m.Ulmus,Artemisia,Brassicaceae,Chenopodiaceae,and Thalictrum have relative high RPPs;Poaceae,Cyperaceae,Potentilla,and Ephedra pollen have moderate RPPs;Asteraceae and Iridaceae have low RPPs.The reliability test of RPPs revealed that most of the RPPs are reliable in past vegetation reconstruction.However,the RPPs of Asteraceae and Iridaceae are obviously underestimated,and those of Poaceae,Chenopodiaceae,and Ephedra are either slightly underestimated or slightly overestimated,suggesting that those RPPs should be considered with caution.These RPPs were applied to estimating plant abundances for two fossil pollen spectra(from the Lake Bayanchagan and Lake Haoluku)covering the Holocene in typical steppe area,using the"Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites"(REVEALS)model.The RPPs-based vegetation reconstruction revealed that meadow-steppe dominated by Poaceae,Cyperaceae,and Artemisia plants flourished in this area before 6500–5600 cal yr BP,and then was replaced by present typical steppe.

AN ECO- AND INNO-PRODUCT DESIGN SYSTEM APPLYING INTEGRATED AND INTELLIGENT QFDE AND TRIZ METHODOLOGY

The green environmental laws and regulations are legislated, implemented, and enforced in many countries and economic regions. The provision of green products and services are the fast growing trend in global consumer markets. Therefore, introducing new products with environmental considerations becomes critical for global brand manufacturers. This research depicts an integrated and intelligent eco- and inno-product design methodology to support environmental friendly green product development. The methodology adopts approaches, such as life cycle assessment （LCA）, quality function deploymnet for environement （QFDE）, theory of inventive problem solving （TRIZ） and back-propagation network （BPN） to achieve eco- and inno-design objectives. LCA evaluates and compares the environmental impacts of production. QFDE transforms high-level concerns of environment into design requirements. When there are many historical QFDE data, the BPN prediction model is trained and deployed to automate the specifications of green design improvement. TRIZ is to support the creation of innovative product design ideas effectively and efficiently during the concept design stage. Finally, this paper presents two eco-design cases of power adaptor to demonstrate the proposed methodology.

A Relative Error Estimation Approach for Multiplicative Single Index Model

As an alternative to absolute error methods, such as the least square and least absolute deviation estimations, a product relative error estimation is proposed for a multiplicative single index regression model. Regression coefficients in the model are estimated via a two-stage procedure and their statistical properties such as consistency and normality are studied. Numerical studies including simulation and a body fat example show that the proposed method performs well.

The two Kantian notions of causality： an analytic enquiry

In response to the tricky problem, raised by Hume, of the relationship between causality and freedom, Kant came up with the concept of two kinds of causality： causality of nature and causality of freedom. While the former belongs in the phenomenal realm in the context of speculative reason, the latter, no more than a negative notion in the transcendental realm of things-in-themselves, nevertheless acquires actual objectivity in the context of practical reason. What causality of freedom confirms is freedom in the transcendental rather than the psychological sense. As Kant saw it, these two kinds of causality coexist in divided form in man, who is an existing being both in the realm of phenomena and in that of things-in-themselves. After Kant, it was Marx who, critically synthesizing the contributions of Hegel and Sehopenhauer, succeeded in revealing the hidden answer to the question of Kant＇s concept of two kinds of causality. That is productive labor, which implies both the dimension of goals and the causality of freedom and that of the causality of nature and historical causality. In the context of Marx＇s historical materialism, productive labor emerges as a kingdom of necessity at the very basis of the kingdom of freedom.