Due to the characteristics of reservoir formation,the producing level of low permeability reservoir is relatively very low.It is hard to obtain high recovery through conventional development schemes.Considering the ti...Due to the characteristics of reservoir formation,the producing level of low permeability reservoir is relatively very low.It is hard to obtain high recovery through conventional development schemes.Considering the tight matrix,complex fracture system,low production level of producers,and low recovery factor ofMblock in Xinjiang oilfield,it is selected for on-site pilot test of nitrogen foam flooding.Detailed flooding scheme is made and the test results are evaluated respectively both for producers and injectors.The pressure index,filling degree,and fluid injection profile are found to be all improved in injectors after injection of nitrogen foam.The oil production,water cut and liquid production file are also improved in most of the producers,with the natural decline rate in the test area become slow.Results show that nitrogen foam flooding technology can be good technical storage for enhanced oil recovery in low permeability reservoir.展开更多
Despite increased international efforts to control schistosomiasis using preventive chemotherapy,several challenges still exist in reaching the target populations.Until recently,preschool-aged children had been exclud...Despite increased international efforts to control schistosomiasis using preventive chemotherapy,several challenges still exist in reaching the target populations.Until recently,preschool-aged children had been excluded from the recommended target population for mass drug administration,i.e.primary school children aged 6-15 years.Our studies and those of others provided the evidence base for the need to treat preschool-aged children that led to recommendations by the World Health Organization to include preschool-aged children in treatment programmes in 2010.The major challenge now lies in the unavailability of a child-size formulation of the appropriate anthelmintic drug,praziquantel.The currently available formulation of praziquantel presents several problems.First,it is a large tablet,making it difficult for young children and infants to swallow it and thus requires its breaking/crushing to allow for safe uptake.Second,it is bitter so it is often mixed with a sweetener to make it palatable for young children.Third,the current formulation of 600 mg does not allow for flexible dose adjustments for this age group.Thus,there is a need to formulate a child-appropriate praziquantel tablet.This paper discusses the target product profile for paediatric praziquantel,as well as knowledge gaps pertinent to the successful control of schistosome infection and disease in preschool-aged children.展开更多
基金supported by the Prospective and Fundamental Project of CNPC“Study on the EOR Technology by Foam Flooding(2021DJ1603)”by Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery,CNPC(2022-KFKT-29).
文摘Due to the characteristics of reservoir formation,the producing level of low permeability reservoir is relatively very low.It is hard to obtain high recovery through conventional development schemes.Considering the tight matrix,complex fracture system,low production level of producers,and low recovery factor ofMblock in Xinjiang oilfield,it is selected for on-site pilot test of nitrogen foam flooding.Detailed flooding scheme is made and the test results are evaluated respectively both for producers and injectors.The pressure index,filling degree,and fluid injection profile are found to be all improved in injectors after injection of nitrogen foam.The oil production,water cut and liquid production file are also improved in most of the producers,with the natural decline rate in the test area become slow.Results show that nitrogen foam flooding technology can be good technical storage for enhanced oil recovery in low permeability reservoir.
基金The discussion presented in this paper is based on current and previous collaborative work funded by the Thrasher Research Fund,the WHO and the Wellcome Trust。
文摘Despite increased international efforts to control schistosomiasis using preventive chemotherapy,several challenges still exist in reaching the target populations.Until recently,preschool-aged children had been excluded from the recommended target population for mass drug administration,i.e.primary school children aged 6-15 years.Our studies and those of others provided the evidence base for the need to treat preschool-aged children that led to recommendations by the World Health Organization to include preschool-aged children in treatment programmes in 2010.The major challenge now lies in the unavailability of a child-size formulation of the appropriate anthelmintic drug,praziquantel.The currently available formulation of praziquantel presents several problems.First,it is a large tablet,making it difficult for young children and infants to swallow it and thus requires its breaking/crushing to allow for safe uptake.Second,it is bitter so it is often mixed with a sweetener to make it palatable for young children.Third,the current formulation of 600 mg does not allow for flexible dose adjustments for this age group.Thus,there is a need to formulate a child-appropriate praziquantel tablet.This paper discusses the target product profile for paediatric praziquantel,as well as knowledge gaps pertinent to the successful control of schistosome infection and disease in preschool-aged children.
